Reasons Relating to the Extraction of Permanent Teeth in the Regional Population.
INTRODUCTIONLoss of teeth due to extractions continues to be a major public health problem in the population. Many reasons have been given to account for such extractions, including the presence of dental caries, root stumps, therapeutic reasons, periodontal disease, trauma, and prosthetic procedures. Poor oral health and loss of teeth have a profound effect on general health and quality of life and can lead to poor dietary habits. [1, 2] Although the patterns of dental disease are gradually changing, periodontal disease and dental caries and are still the most important reasons for extraction of permanent teeth among most of the population. Due to the impact of tooth loss on the functional and socioeconomic aspects, it is essential to identify the reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in individual populations. Hence, dental health care can be developed more effectively. At present, there is no information regarding the trends in loss of permanent teeth among patients in regional population. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the reasons of extraction of permanent teeth among patients in the regional population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted at the Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana State, India. Data collected from patients who required extraction of permanent teeth for treatment during the period from January to June 2018 were used for the study. Variables recorded include age of the patient, sex, diagnosis, number of teeth, anterior teeth, and posterior teeth. The main reasons for extraction were classified as follows: Dental caries, root stumps, periodontitis, trauma, impaction, therapeutic, and retained deciduous. Data were categorized and analyzed using SPSS version 10 statistical software.
RESULTS
A total of 297 permanent teeth were extracted from 200 patients during the study period of 6 months from January to June 2018. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to above 65 years. A total of 297 teeth were extracted, of which 95 (47.5%) were male and 105 (52.5%) were female patients. Table 1 shows the number of teeth extracted in various age groups among males and females. In almost, all the age groups more teeth were extracted in females than in males. A largest number of teeth were extracted in the age groups of 35-44 in females (15%) and 25-34 in males (13.5%) [Figure 1].
The distribution for the causes of extraction of the teeth among various age groups was analyzed based on the diagnosis [Table 2]. Periodontitis (37%) was found to be the main cause of tooth extraction followed by dental caries (29%), root stumps (16.5%), impacted and malpositioned teeth (10%), trauma to teeth (4.5%), extraction for orthodontic purposes (2.5%), and retained deciduous teeth (0.5%) [Figure 2]. The leading cause for tooth extraction was found to be periodontal disease (37%) followed by caries (29%).
A total of 200 cases were included in the study, of which 25 (12.5%) were anterior teeth, 159 (79.5%) were posterior teeth, and 16 (8%) cases were both anterior and posterior teeth extracted. More number of posterior teeth 44 (22%) were extracted in 25-34 age group followed by 40 (20%) in the age group of 35-44 and least in patients >65 years of age group.More number of anterior teeth were extracted in the age group of 25-34 (3%) and least in 15-24 age group (1.5%). Overall, more number of posterior teeth were extracted compared to anterior teeth [Figure 3 and Table 3].
DISCUSSION
Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the causes for teeth extraction in various populations. These include national surveys and institution-based studies. [3-9] There are no data available regarding causes for the loss of permanent teeth among patients in Nalgonda region population. In the present study, the attempt was made to identify the causes of extraction of permanent teeth among patients attending the outpatient wing of Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences in Narketpally, Telangana State, India. Of the total of200 patients, 95 (47.5%) were males and 105 (52.5%) were females. This may be explained by the fact that males are less frequent visitors to the dental hospitals, so a lower number of extractions are performed for males. Periodontitis was found to be the leading cause of tooth extraction in the study population, accounting for 37% of the extractions followed by dental caries which accounts for 29% of the extractions. The findings in the present study suggest that periodontitis was a significant factor for tooth loss in all age groups above 25 years and the leading cause of tooth extraction in females. This is consistent with the findings of other investigators who found that periodontal disease is the primary cause of extraction in older age groups, which probably reflects the changing trends of dental disease with aging. Periodontal disease was also observed to be a significant cause of tooth extraction in males in the present study. In individuals aged between 15 years and 25 of age, extraction for orthodontic purposes was the leading cause of tooth loss which is consistent with similar findings reported by other investigators. [3-8] This trend may reflect the increasing number of patients seeking orthodontic treatment of all the teeth extracted, the teeth most frequently extracted were posterior teeth which were extracted mainly for periodontal diseases, and the second most reason was due to dental caries.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, periodontal disease was accounted for majority of the extractions. This emphasizes the need for public health programs with prevention and intervention strategies designed to better address the burden of periodontal disease and caries. The female preponderance for tooth extraction calls for more attention in the areas of dental awareness and motivation of these vulnerable patients. However, there are certain limitations in interpreting the data.
The present study has been conducted among patients attending an institution which may be representative of the general population. Moreover, several studies have reported on the influence of other variables such as socioeconomic factors on the patterns of tooth loss in various populations. Telangana is a state with diverse socioeconomic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics, and the cause and pattern of tooth loss may vary in different regions. Hence, further studies which account for the above-mentioned factors need to be conducted among various groups to obtain a better understanding of the cause of tooth loss among the regional population.
REFERENCES
[1.] Mack F, Schwahn C, Feine JS, Mundt T, Bernhardt O, John U, et al. The impact of tooth loss on general health related to quality of life among elderly Pomeranians: Results from the study of health in Pomerania (SHIP-O). Int J Prosthodont 2005; 18:414-9.
[2.] Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83:661-9.
[3.] Cahen PM, Frank RM, Turlot JC. A survey of the reasons for dental extractions in France. J Dent Res 1985; 64:1087-93.
[4.] Ong G, Yeo JF, Bhole S. A survey of reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Singapore. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24:124-7.
[5.] Angelillo IF, Nobile CG, Pavia M. Survey of reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Italy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24:336-40.
[6.] McCaul LK, Jenkins WM, Kay EJ. The reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Scotland: A 15-year follow-up study. Br Dent J 2001; 190:658-62.
[7.] Aida J, Ando Y, Akhter R, Aoyama H, Masui M, Morita M, et al. Reasons for permanent tooth extractions in japan. J Epidemiol 2006; 16:214-9.
[8.] Murray H, Locker D, Kay EJ. Patterns of and reasons for tooth extractions in general dental practice in Ontario, Canada. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24:196-200.
[9.] Al-Shammari KF, Al-Ansari JM, Al-Melh MA, Al-Khabbaz AK. Reasons for tooth extraction in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2006; 15:417-22.
B. Pavan Kumar, V. Venkatesh, P. Praveen, V. Vidya Devi
Department of Oral Surgery, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
Email for correspondence: praveenparker0484@gmail.com
Article Info: doi: 10.5866/2018.10.10105
Received: 08-06-2018
Revised: 12-07-2018
Accepted: 05-08-2018
Table 1: Number of patients among males and
females in various age groups
Age Gender (%)
Male Female
15-24 18 (9) 19(9.5)
25-34 27 (13.5) 24 (12)
35-44 12 (6) 30 (15)
45-54 10 (5) 14 (7)
55-65 16 (8) 12 (6)
>65 12 (6) 6 (3)
Total 95 (47.5) 105 (52.5)
Table 2: Causes of tooth extraction in various
age groups based on the diagnosis
Age 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54
Dental caries 11 20 13 6
Root stumps 5 6 9 3
Periodontitis 6 15 14 12
Trauma 1 4 2 1
Impaction 8 6 4 2
Therapeutic 5 0 0 0
Retained deciduous 1 0 0 0
Age 55-65 >65 Total (%)
Dental caries 4 4 58 (29)
Root stumps 7 3 33 (16.5)
Periodontitis 17 10 74 (37)
Trauma 0 1 9(4.5)
Impaction 0 0 20 (10)
Therapeutic 0 0 5(2.5)
Retained deciduous 0 0 1 (0.5)
Table 3: Tooth extraction in various regions
(anterior and posterior)
Age Anterior Posterior Both
15-24 3 33 1
25-34 6 44 1
35-44 2 40 0
45-54 5 16 3
55-65 5 16 7
>65 4 10 4
Total 25 159 16
Figure 1: Age distribution of extractions in males and females
Age Group Frequency
Gender
Male Female
15-24 18 19
25-34 27 24
35-44 12 30
45-54 10 14
55-65 16 12
>65 12 6
Total 95 105
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Figure 2: Causes of tooth extraction in various
age groups based on the diagnosis
Diagnosis Frequency
15-24 25-34 34-44 45-54 55-65 >65
One 11 20 13 6 4 4
Two 5 6 9 3 7 3
Three 6 15 14 12 17 10
Four 1 4 2 1 0 1
Five 8 6 4 2 0 0
Six 5 0 0 0 0 0
Seven 1 0 0 0 0 0
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Figure 3: Tooth extraction in various regions
(anterior and posterior)
Age Group Frequency
Anterior Postirior Both
15-24 3 33 1
25-34 6 44 1
35-44 2 40 0
45-54 5 16 3
55-65 5 16 7
>65 4 10 4
Note: Table made from bar graph.
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| Title Annotation: | ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|---|---|
| Author: | Kumar, B. Pavan; Venkatesh, V.; Praveen, P.; Devi, V. Vidya |
| Publication: | Indian Journal of Dental Advancements |
| Date: | Jul 1, 2018 |
| Words: | 1713 |
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