Procesos oceanograficos que posiblemente explican la dominancia de asociaciones de especies de zooplancton neritico tropical alrededor del Archipielago de Islas Marias, Mexico.
Oceanographic mechanisms that possibly explain dominance of neritic-tropical zooplankton species assemblages around the Islas Marias Archipelago, MexicoINTRODUCTION
Offshore zooplankton assemblages from the mouth of the Gulf of California and coastal Cape Corrientes region have been studied focused only on specific taxonomic groups, such as Copepoda (Chen, 1986; Jimenez-Perez & Lara-Lara, 1988; Hernandez-Trujillo & Esquivel-Herrera, 1989; Gomez-Gutierrez & Hernandez-Trujillo, 1994; Lopez-Ibarra, 2008; Palomares-Garcia et al., 2013), Euphausiacea (krill) (Mundhenke, 1969; Brinton, 1979; Brinton & Townsend, 1980; Gomez-Gutierrez & Hernandez-Trujillo, 1994; Farber-Lorda et al, 2010; Ambriz-Arreola et al, 2012), Amphipoda (Siegel-Causey, 1982; Gasca & Franco-Gordo, 2008; Gasca et al., 2012), Mysidacea (Harrison & Bowman, 1987; Price, 2004), Decapoda larvae (Naranjo et al, 2006), Chaetognatha (Alvarino, 1963, 1969; Ruiz-Boijseauneau et al, 2004), and ichthyoplankton (fish larvae) (Franco-Gordo et al, 1999, 2002, 2004; Aceves-Medina et al., 2003, 2004; Siordia-Cermeno et al, 2006; Silva-Segundo et al, 2008; Vilchis et al, 2009; Leon-Chavez et al, 2010, Avendano-Ibarra et al, 2013, 2014). The rest of the zooplankton taxonomic groups are generally little known for Mexican waters (Brinton et al, 1986). Most recent efforts to understand the zooplankton assemblages have only identified relative abundance of broad zooplankton taxonomic groups or few selected species in the central and southern Gulf of California region (Siordia-Cermeno & Sanchez-Velasco, 2004, 2006; Vicencio-Aguilar & Fernandez-Alamo, 2005). Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda (2006) published the so far most comprehensive review about zooplankton biovolume, zoogeography, ecology, and species composition from the offshore Tropical Eastern Pacific zoogeographic region (TEP); they made emphasis on the lack of zooplankton information from tropical Mexican islands. The zooplankton assemblage represents a prominent food source for many benthic and demersal planktophagous predators that inhabit along the coastal habitats of Islas Marias Archipelago (IMA), including rocky and coral reefs, rhodolith beds, rocky pinnacles, and soft-bottom embayments (Erisman et al, 2011). Embryonic and larval stages of numerous invertebrates and bony fish assemblages disperse and inhabit as merozooplankton and thychoplankton around the IMA.
The Islas Marias Archipelago includes four volcanic islands (Maria Magdalena, Maria Cleofas, Isla Madre, and San Juanito) located near the slope of the continental shelf, about 90-120 km offshore the coast of Nayarit state, Mexico. The Equatorial waters and water properties from the Gulf of California influence the insular waters from this Archipelago. The oceanic circulation around the islands is associated to episodic current plumes from the continental margin (Martinez-Flores et al., 2011), large cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies from Cabo Corrientes region (Kurczyn et al., 2012; Pantoja et al, 2012), bottom topography (Kurian et al, 2011), local wind-forcing (Pares-Sierra et al, 1993), coastal trapped waves of equatorial origin (Zamudio et al., 2001, 2007) and oceanic currents (Lavin et al, 2006). These processes also modify local production and may influence retention and transport of zooplankton in the TEP region (Farber-Lorda et al, 2004, 2010; Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006; Leon-Chavez et al., 2010). Because the IMA lies near the intersection of the Cortez and the Panamic biogeographic provinces (Robertson & Cramer, 2009; Erisman et al., 2011) featured with mesotrophic conditions throughout the year (<0.7 mg Chl-a [m.sup.-3] and low zooplankton biovolume <100 mL 1000 m-3) (Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006; Lopez-Sandoval et al., 2009), it is expected that tropical zoogeographic affinity dominate these islands, but its oceanic or neritic origins still remains unknown.
The present study includes two objectives: 1) to describe, for the first time, the IMA near-shore zooplankton assemblage as identified per taxonomic groups and per species for 12 selected groups for which their taxonomy is relatively well known for the TEP [Copepoda, Decapoda, Cladocera, Decapoda, Euphausiacea, Mysidacea, Amphipoda, Siphonophora, Chaetognatha, Pteropoda, Appendicularia, Cephalopoda, and Pisces (fish larvae)] and 2) to compare zooplankton species structure from IMA with offshore waters of the Gulf of California mouth and the continental coast of Cape Corrientes zooplankton species, to infer if the zooplankton of the island is numerically dominated by oceanic or neritic affinity species, and also to speculate about the potential connectivity processes that maintains benthic and neritic fauna in the Archipelago. Thus, we did the characterization of the most abundant species and community structure outlining a baseline for further use as inventory of zooplankton fauna from the Islas Marias Archipelago. This is relevant because in 2000 the Islas Marias Archipelago was declared a Biosphere Reserve and in 2007 the UNESCO included it as a Natural World Heritage Serial Site (Erisman et al, 2011); thus a zooplankton checklist, zooplankton biovolume, and understanding how the zooplankton assemblages are structured, may be useful for conservation and management purposes for this archipelago.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During a cruise for censing the communities of reef fish and benthic invertebrates of IMA, carried out in November 2010 (Erisman et al, 2011), we collected zooplankton samples to investigate the zooplankton species composition from the four volcanic islands. Performing biological studies in the IMA is difficult because it requires government permission given the restricted access and no commercial fishery in the region due to the presence of a Federal Prison colony in Isla Madre (established since 1905). Thus, this study represents an outstanding opportunity to explore zooplankton diversity around the Islas Marias Archipelago.
Satellite sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration
Satellite 7-days sea surface temperature composite obtained from MODIS-Terra (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectral-Radiometer), with a 9 km spatial resolution (http://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODI SA/Mapped/) and satellite 7-days composite sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration (mg [m.sup.-3]) images from SeaWiFS with 4 km resolution maps (http:// oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gob/SeaWiFS) were used to create SST and Chl-a distribution maps around IMA region (13-19 November, 2010).
Zooplankton sampling
As part of a diving census survey and collections of coastal benthic, demersal, and pelagic fishes (Erisman et al, 2011), and benthic invertebrate community structure (mainly Octocorallia, Echinodermata, Mollusca and Crustacea: mostly Decapoda and Stomatopoda) (Sanchez-Ortiz et al., unpublished data), the zooplankton community structure of 11 sampling sites was studied at at Islas Marias Archipelago, during November 13-21, 2010 (Fig. 1). Near sea surface zooplankton samples (<2 m depth) were collected in rocky reefs, rhodolith beds, and sandy bottom habitats, with seafloor depth ranging typically between 15-30 m. Near-surface epipelagic zooplankton was collected with a conical zooplankton net (0.6 m ring diameter; 333 [micro]m mesh net) fitted with a General Oceanic digital flow meter to estimate water volume filtered by the net (Smith & Richardson, 1977). The cruise was done with the touristic vessel Rocio del Mar and the net was towed with a Zodiac boat, following a wide semicircular trajectory during 10 min. The location of the zooplankton samples was determined with a GPS. Zooplankton samples were preserved with 96% ethanol with a complete ethanol replacement after 24 h of preservation. Zooplankton biovolume was determined using the volume displacement method (Smith & Richardson, 1977). For comparative purposes, the zooplankton biovolume collected at IMA during November 2010 was compared with near surface zooplankton tows collected on board the R/V El Puma (UNAM) with the collection method using 333 and 500 [micro]m mesh net during 2005 (November 19-26), and 2007 (January 13-27; July 20 through August 2) at the central and northern Gulf of California regions (26-30[degrees]N) (Tremblay et al, 2010) (Table 1).
Sample analysis
Fish eggs and larvae (ichthyoplankton) was sorted out, counted and analyzed from the entire zooplankton sample. The rest of the zooplankton taxonomic groups were sorted, identified, and counted from 10 mL aliquots obtained with a calibrated Hensen Stempel pippette from a standard 240 mL bottle. We first identified all the zooplankton per large taxonomic groups (typically Order), and later several taxonomic experts helped us to identify species for the 12 selected zooplankton groups: Copepoda, Cladocera, Decapoda, Euphausiacea, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Siphonophora, Chaetognatha, Pteropoda, Appendicularia, Cephalopoda, and Pisces (fish larvae). A second 10 mL aliquot was analyzed to count zooplankton per taxonomic groups. The abundance of organisms detected in the second aliquot, not observed in the first 10 mL, was standardized to a total 20 mL aliquot size sample. The abundance of each taxonomic zooplankton group and each species identified was standardized to number of individuals per 1000 [m.sup.-3] using standard methods (Smith & Richardson, 1977).
Twelve zooplankton taxonomic groups were identified at the species level using as principal sources, but not exclusively, standard taxonomic keys for Copepoda (Palomares-Garcia et al, 1998; Razouls et al, 2005-2012, http://copepodes.obs-banyuls.fr/en/), Euphausiacea (Baker et al, 1990; Brinton et al, 2000), Mysidacea (Tattersall, 1951; Ii, 1964; Mauchline, 1980; Harrison & Bowman, 1987; Deprez et al, 2005; NeMys webpage http://nemys.ugent.be/; Murano & Fukuoka, 2008), Decapoda (Williamson, 1957a, 1957b, 1960, 1962, 1967, 1983; MacDonald et al, 1957; Pike & Williamson, 1972; Fichman & Williamson, 1978; Albornoz & Wertmann, 1997; Anosov, 2000; Dos Santos & Lindley, 2001; Puls, 2001; Dos Santos & Gonzalez-Gordillo, 2004), Chaetognatha (Alvarino, 1963, 1967; Casanova, 1999), Pteropoda (Seapy, 1990; Spoel, 1996; Spoel et al, 1997; Angulo-Campillo, 2009), Hyperiid amphipods (Vinogradov et al, 1996; Zeidler, 2006), and ichthyoplankton (Brogan, 1992; Moser, 1996; Beltran-Leon & Rios-Herrera, 2000). A relative large proportion of specimens, particularly fish and decapod larvae, were not identified to species, because their larvae have not been described yet.
Abundance per taxonomic group, and abundance per species was [log.sub.10] (x + 1) transformed to decrease abundance variability for statistical analysis (McCune et al, 2002). To detect spatial community structure similarities among zooplankton samples per sampling station and presence/absence of each species, a Hierarchical two-way Cluster Analysis was done using the Bray Curtis link method and Flexible Beta distance (selected value -0.250) (using a matrix coding of relative abundance per species) calculated with the PCORD software (version 6.0; http://home.centurytel. net/~mjm/pcordwin.htm) (McCune et al, 2002).
RESULTS
Satellite sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration
During November 2010, sea surface temperature (SST) was relatively warm (25-26.6[degrees]C) and showed a clear longitudinal gradient with the highest SST along the Southwest coast of the Islas Marias Archipelago (IMA) and the lowest at the Northeast area of Maria Madre Island (Fig. 2a). Sea surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concen-tration was considerably low (<0.42 mg [m.sup.-3]) at all the study area; showing the relatively the lowest concentration offshore along the western coast of the IMA and high values along the eastern coast of the archipelago (Fig. 2b). These relatively high SST and low Chl-a concentrations represent mesotrophic conditions.
Zooplankton biovolume
Near surface zooplankton biovolume (ZB) was <159 mL 1000 [m.sup.-3] with relatively small spatial variability (Mean = 63 mL 1000 [m.sup.-3]; standard error = 12 mL 1000 [m.sup.-3], map not showed) during November 2010 in the Islas Marias Archipelago. IMA near surface zooplankton biovolume ranged between 2.2 and 17.4 times lower than those collected in the central and northern regions of the Gulf of California during November 2005 and January and July 2007 (Table 1). These comparisons, indicate that the near-shore habitat of the IMA could be considered as a mesotrophic coastal habitat during the sampled period.
Zooplankton identified per taxonomic groups
Zooplankton assemblage in the near-shore habitat of IMA included 13 holoplanktonic and 7 meroplanktonic taxonomic groups. Crustaceans, numerically dominated total zooplankton abundance (92.3%) (Fig. 3a, Table 2). Copepoda alone accounted for 79.2% of the total zooplankton abundance. Other crustacean groups recorded with high relative abundance were Decapoda (4.7%), Cladocera (3.7%), Mysidacea (2.7%), and Euphausiacea (2.0%). Fish eggs accounted for 1.5% of total abundance, indicating the relevance of the nearshore habitat for fish reproduction during November. Appendicularia (Order Copelata) and Chaetognatha, each one had 1.4% of total relative abundance. The rest of the 12 taxonomic groups accounted individually <0.6%, accumulating only 3.4% of the total abundance (Fig. 3a, Table 2).
Zooplankton identified per species
From 12 selected taxonomic groups a total of 259 taxa were identified in the near-shore zooplankton assemblage. Fish larvae showed the highest taxa number (107 taxa ranging from family to species) decreasing with Decapoda (56), Copepoda (35), Thecosomata (17), Amphipoda (15), Siphonophora (10), Chaetognatha (7), Euphausiacea (6), Cladocera (2), Mysidacea (2), Appendicularia (1), and Cephalopoda (1) (Table 3). Copepoda, Euphausiacea, Amphipoda, and Cladocera are relatively well-known species in the central Mexican Pacific region. The tropical Copepoda Calanopia minor A. Scott, Clausocalanus jobei Frost & Fleminger, Acrocalanus gibber Giesbrecht, Canthocalanus pauper (Giesbrecht), and Centropages furcatus (Dana) had abundances between 7.5 and 10.1%, all them accounting for 36% of the identified species total abundance (Fig. 3b, Table 3). None of them are numerically dominant in the central and northern Gulf of California or in offshore waters from the TEP regions. The tropical copepods Centropages furcatus (Dana) (5.2%) and Oncea venusta Phillippi (4%) also are relatively abundant in the central and north of the Gulf of California during summer.
The Cladocera, Pseudevadne tergestina (Claus) was also abundant (6.5%). Euphausiacea, mostly as larvae and juvenile phases, were relatively scarce in the IMA near-shore habitat, The TEP endemic species: [Euphausiacea distinguenda Hansen, 1908 (3.4%) and Euphausiacea lamelligera Hansen, 1911 (2.3%)] (Fig. 3b). The most abundant species from Chaetognatha (<2.3%, Flaccisagitta enflata (Grassi)), Decapoda (<1.7%, Uca sp.), Amphipoda (<1.1%, Lestrigonus bengalensis Giles), Mysidacea (<0.4% Mysidium ricketsi Harrison & Bowman), Pteropoda (<0.3%, Creseis virgula virgula Rang), and Siphonophorae, had considerably low abundance. However, they were relatively widely distributed in the IMA near-shore habitat (Fig. 3b, Table 3). Decapoda larvae from Mexican waters are highly diverse but poorly known; they were identified typically family- genus level using taxonomic keys mostly from the California Current and the Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (Table 3). A large number of fish larvae (75 taxa) were not possible to identify at the species level (31 to genera and 44 to family level, or morphotype) belonging to benthic cryptic and reef habitat associated tropical taxa. The fish families with larger number of species were Dactyloscopidae (19 taxa), Labrisomidae (16), Tripterygiidae (8), Haemulidae, Chaenopsidae, and Gobiesocidae (7 taxa each one). Scombridae (Auxis sp., 205 larvae 1000 [m.sup.-3]) and Tripterygiidae [Enneanectes sp. 2 with 139.6 larvae 1000 [m.sup.-3] and Enneanected carminalis (Jordan & Gilbert) with 82.5 larvae 1000 [m.sup.-3]] were the most abundant fish larvae detected in this study. Although IMA is located near and east the shelf break, zooplankton assemblage was clearly outnumbered by tropical species from the neritic habitat, mostly crustaceans (copepods, cladocera, and mysids) suggesting a close connectivity of this archipelago with the coastal habitat from Cape Corrientes region (Table 4).
Zooplankton two-way cluster analysis
Cluster analysis applied to the 20 taxonomic groups (fish eggs and larvae were here considered as different groups) showed three groups of stations segregating two groups that separate southwest and northeast of the Archipelago (Groups 1 SW, 2NW) and a third group that includes stations from southeast and northwest (Group 3 SE-NW) (Fig. 4a). The cluster analysis for zooplankton groups showed three groups ordered from high abundance (Group 1, with 12 taxonomic groups Copepoda-Mysidacea) to medium (Group 2 Salpida-Ostracoda), and low abundance (Group 3 Cephalopoda-Cirripedia) (Fig. 4a).
Cluster analysis applied to 69 of the most abundant taxa (identified down to genus and species) showed also three groups of stations segregating two groups that separate west and south of the archipelago (1 W, 2 S) and a third group that include stations from northwest (3 NW) of the IMA (Fig. 4b). Cluster analysis was used to determine species assemblages (120 species, excluding those identified only to genus family taxonomic level) at 25% of similarity (dashed line) showed four species groups (Groups 1-4). Species of Group 1 (12 taxa; Acartia lilljeborgii Giesbrecht-Grapsus sp.) were located mostly along the west coast of the archipelago. The Group 2 (7 taxa; Pagurus sp. 1-Muggiaea atlantica Cunningham) along the west coast of the archipelago. Species of Group 3 (43 taxa; Canthocalanus pauper (Giesbrecht)-Diphyidae sp.) was the most diverse and widely distributed in all the IMA including most of the numerically dominant copepod species in the zooplankton samples present in the four islands. The last Group 4 [7 taxa with very low abundance; Euphausia eximia Hansen-Planktomya henseni Simroth] had a very patchy distribution pattern. Overall, the species group assemblages at IMA showed a geographical separation (mostly a longitudinal cline likely enhanced by the presence of the shelf-break at the west of IMA) on moderates and low abundance taxa but not for species highly abundant and widely distributed among the four islands (Figs. 4a-4b).
DISCUSSION
Islas Marias Archipelago species assemblage (neritic vs oceanic affinity)
Our zooplankton assemblage study provides an emerging view about how the IMA show large proportion of a diverse tropical-neritic species dominated by 12 holoplanktonic taxa (mostly crustaceans) and, in less proportion, eight meroplanktonic taxa (fish eggs and larvae were here considered as separated groups), inhabiting a relatively mesotrophic habitat featured with low Chl-a concentration and low zooplankton biovolume (Lopez-Sandoval el al., 2009; Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006). Comparing IMA zooplankton community structure from IMA with those collected at offshore waters of the Gulf of California and coastal region of Cabo Corrientes we found a more similar zooplanktonic fauna with the tropical coastal species assemblage previously detected along Cape Corrientes coast, Jalisco, Mexico.
For example, Islas Marias Archipelago fish larvae species, family composition, and abundance, were similar to those detected dining another zooplankton survey carried out during October 2002 in 12 sites at Isabel Island, located ~27 km offshore Nayarit coast and ~70 km East from IMA (Funes-Rodriguez et al., unpublished data) (Table 4). This dominant species composition is consistent with other ichthyoplanktonic studies carried out along the continental shelf of the Cabo Corrientes region, where most specious families were flatfishes (Franco-Gordo et al., 2002) and reef fishes (Silva-Segundo et al., 2008). One interesting exception of this pattern observed in the present study was the presence of Auxis sp. (Scombridae), as the relatively most abundant fish larvae recorded near the coast of IMA, because tuna are a well-known oceanic affinity species in the TEP region. Without this exception, the rest of the IMA fish larvae species were of neritic affinity (different to fish larvae typically observed at offshore regions of the mouth of the Gulf of California) numerically dominated by the tropical mesopelagic, like Benthosema panamense (Aceves-Medina et al., 2004; Gonzalez-Armas et al., 2008; Leon-Chavez et al, 2010). In the TEP assemblages, the tropical mesopelagic Vinciguerria lucetia and Diogenicthys laternatus (Garman) species dominate the transition region in winter; while the neritic pelagic, Bregmaceros bathymaster, dominates the "coastaloceanic" assemblage in autumn at Cabo Corrientes region (Leon-Chavez et al., 2010), near the coasts of Jalisco and Colima States (Siordia-Cermeno et al, 2006), and at Gulf of Tehuantepec (Lopez-Chavez et al, 2012).
Near shore IMA region showed relatively low copepod diversity (35 species) of tropical affinity that contrasts with the about 480 copepods species recorded for the TEP region (Central America, Galapagos, Northern Peru) (Razouls et al, 2005-2012; Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998) and [approximately equal to] 130 species in the Gulf of California (Brinton et al, 1986, Hernandez-Trujillo & Esquivel-Herrera, 1989; Palomares-Garcia et al, 1998, 2013). This low Copepoda diversity at IMA is likely related with the shallow and coastal sampling done in the present study. Five species (Calanopia minor, Clausocalanus jobei, Acrocalanus gibber, Canthocalanus pauper, and Centropages furcatus) accounted for about 43% of total abundance of all the 259 identified species. As far as we know, this is the first record of Calanopia elliptica and Acrocalanus gibber in Mexican waters according with species detected in three exhaustive free-living marine Copepoda checklists (Palomares-Garcia et al, 1998; Suarez-Morales & Gasca, 1998; Razouls et al., 20052012). These five copepod species are tropical and subtropical neritic species that have not been recorded or detected in very low abundances at offshore regions of the TEP, where are numerically dominated by species of oceanic affinity, like Subeucalanus subtenuis (Giesbrecht) (33.5%), Subeucalanus subcrassus (Giesbrecht) (12.8%), and Rhincalanus nasutus Giesbrecht (9.5%) from a copepod assemblage of 63 species (Chen, 1986). Palomares-Garcia et al. (2013) detected 53 Copepoda species in the central and northern Gulf of California showing different dominant species during winter [Pleuromamma gracilis Claus, Calanus pacificus Brodsky, R. nasutus, and Scolecithrix danae (Lubbock), summing 65%] than during summer [Centropages furcatus, Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady), and R. nasutus 24%]. Except Canthocalanus pauper that also was numerically dominant during summer at northern latitudes from the Gulf of California (Palomares-Garcia et al, 1998) and at IMA region, the numerically dominant copepod species composition reported in IMA were not dominant at offshore epipelagic habitats from the central and northern regions of the Gulf of California suggesting that IMA has a different zooplankton assemblage (Jimenez-Perez & Lara-Lara, 1988; Hernandez-Trujillo & Esquivel-Herrera, 1989; Palomares-Garcia et al, 1998, 2013; Suarez-Morales et al., 2000; Siordia-Cermeno & Sanchez-Velasco, 2004; Lavaniegos et al, 2012).
At IMA we detected only two mysid species, Mysidium rickettsi, that was moderately abundant but with a patchy distribution pattern in the archipelago (63% of frequency of occurrence), and Syriella pacifica, detected only in one zooplankton sample in very low abundance. Harrison & Bowman (1987) described M. rickettsi from specimens collected by Rickets & Steinbeck in 1940 at Port Marcial, Baja California Sur and Bahia Ohiura, Sonora, and from specimens obtained in the 1980 decade through manta ray gut contents from four localities near Bahia de La Paz B.C.S. collected by Notarbartolo-di-Sciara (1988) (in fact M. rickettsi was the second most abundant prey from manta ray just after the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex Hansen). The presence of M. rickettsi at IMA is the southernmost record for this species expanding ~400 km its distribution range from previous reports (Harrison & Bowman, 1987; Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1988). This is also relevant evidence that IMA represents a neritic habitat suitable for mysids (mysids are not detected in offshore oceanographic cruises) even than this Archipelago is located 70-90 km offshore from Cabo Corrientes coast.
Euphausiids also suggest a neritic tropical habitat because were detected larvae and juveniles of two endemic neritic TEP krill species that dominate Cabo Corrientes region: Euphausia distinguenda and with less abundance E. lamelligera. Both species are well known from previous studies at the central Mexican Pacific coast (Mundhenke, 1969; Brinton, 1979), the mouth of Gulf of California (Farber-Lorda et al, 2004, 2010) and along the Jalisco-Colima coast where E. distinguenda (88-90%) outnumbers E. lamelligera (7%) (Ambriz-Arreola et al., 2012). This abundance pattern contrast with offshore waters where E. lamelligera is considerably more abundant than E. distinguenda (Brinton, 1979; Brinton & Townsend, 1980; Brinton et al., 1986; Farber-Lorda et al., 2010). Because we sampled only near-shore shallow seafloor (10-40 m depth) we expected to find only larvae and juvenile, since adult's distribution is related with deeper seafloor as they do large daily vertical migrations (Lavaniegos, 1996; Tremblay et al, 2010).
The amphipods Lestrigonus bengalensis and Hyperioides sibaginis (Stebbing) were the most abundant of 15 Amphipoda species collected at IMA. L. bengalensis is the most abundant amphipod in the entire Gulf of California, particularly in neritic waters, while H. sibaginis is considered uncommon in the gulf, but relatively abundant at IMA region (Siegel-Causey, 1982; Brinton et al, 1986; Gasca & Franco-Gordo, 2008; Gasca et al., 2012). Along the coast of Cape Corrientes, occurs a considerably more diverse amphipod assemblage (80 species, 3-48 species per oceanographic station), but also overwhelming numerically dominated by these two amphipod species (both accounting 79% of the total Hyperiidae amphipod abundance). However, H. sibaginis (65%) is typically more abundant than L. bengalensis (14%) throughout the year in Cape Corrientes (Gasca & Franco-Gordo, 2008; Gasca et al, 2012). If amphipod species per se does not give a clue about if IMA is a neritic or oceanic habitat maybe their abundances can do. Hyperiidae, particularly the most numerically dominant species, are typically more abundant inshore (1432 ind 1000 m-3, 68 species) than offshore (736 ind 1000 m-3, 77 species) (Gasca et al, 2012). This explains the relatively low mean abundance of hyperiid amphipods (917 ind 1000 m-3) at IMA as an amphipod coastal-oceanic species diversity gradient, although does not explain the relatively low amphipod species richness (15 species) (sampled at locations <30 m depth). However, it is clear that Islas Marias amphipods were clearly dominated by tropical-neritic amphipod species typical from the Panamic region (Valencia & Giraldo, 2009), being considerably different from California and Baja California peninsula regions, the Gulf of California, and Central region of Mexican Pacific (Lavaniegos & Ohman, 2003; Lavaniegos & Hereu, 2009).
At IMA and Banderas Bay coast (Cape Corrientes) the Chaetognatha Parasagitta euneritica (Alvarino) (84%) and Flaccisagitta enflata (Grassi) (8.3%) were the most abundant and widely distributed species from the 7 species of Chaetognatha detected near the coast (Ruiz-Boijseauneau et al, 2004). P. euneritica is a coastal epiplanktonic species distributed along the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, from 45[degrees]N to Baja California and inside the Gulf of California (Bieri, 1957, 1959; Alvarino, 1965, 1969; Hernandez-Trujillo & Esquivel-Herrera, 1989; Ruiz-Boijseauneau et al, 2004; Cota-Meza, 2011). Through the Gulf of California four [F. enflata, Sagitta minima (Grassi), P. euneritica (Alvarino), and Decipisagitta decipiens (Fowler)] of the 17 Chaetognatha species are widely distributed in the region while Flaccisagitta hexaptera (D'Orbigny), Aidanosagitta neglecta (Aida), Zonosagitta bedoti (Beraneck) (all them originally included in the genus Sagitta), and Krohnitta pacifica Ritter-Zahony of tropical affinity were detected only in the mouth of the gulf (Alvarino, 1969). At Banderas Bay, located south of IMA region, the most common Chaetognatha species were P. euneritica, A. neglecta, F. enflata, Z. bedoti, Serratosagittapacifica (Tokioka), S. minima, and K. pacifica.
Thus, with few exceptions, most of the taxonomic species group defines IMA zooplankton species assemblage as a neritic tropical habitat. However, IMA insular waters seem to have mesotropic conditions proper of offshore waters rather than relatively more productive coastal waters from Cape Corrientes coast because tropical waters from the TEP influenced the IMA region. Zooplankton biovolume at IMA (mean 63 mL 1000 m-3) was comparable with the zooplankton biovolume range 50-100 mL 1000 m-3 throughout the year reported from oceanic epipelagic waters of the TEP from a comprehensive large-scale integration of historical data set (1955-2000) (Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006). We sampled during the summer-autumn period (November 2010), when Islas Marias Archipelago usually have the lower phytoplankton biomass productivity (Lopez-Sandoval et al, 2009) and considerably lower zooplankton biovolume values than those recorded from the central Gulf of California during November 2005, and January and July 2007 (Table 1, same plankton sampling method) or from the mouth of the Gulf of California and off Cape Corrientes (>300 mL 1000 [m.sup.-3]) observed during November 2005 and March 2007 (collected with Bongo oblique tows) (Leon-Chavez et al., 2010).
Oceanographic processes that enhance coastalinsular zooplankton connectivity
Although the IMA is located relatively offshore (90-120 km), this is still located over the continental shelf near and east of the shelf-break. The similarity of multiple neritic and tropical species in the zooplankton assemblage from IMA and Cape Corrientes suggests strong coastal-insular zooplankton connectivity. However, which oceanographic processes enhance this possible coastal-insular plankton connectivity? An extensive literature review suggests that at least three mesoscale oceanographic processes could be involved in episodic events of continental-archipelago zooplankton population connectivity:
1) Intense river's plumes occurring during the hurricane season (August-October) affect the turbidity and increase Chl-a concentration (probably also detected with surface salinity), modifying also other physical and chemical characteristics (Martinez-Flores et al., 2011) and, more interestingly, sporadically transporting plankton from Cape Corrientes coast toward offshore waters. Thus, this process may facilitate the colonization of meroplanktonic organisms in the IMA benthic and demersal habitats. For example, a plume of river's discharges originated from Acaponeta, San Pedro, Santiago, and Ameca, detected in August 2004, covered an area of 44,000 [km.sup.2] reaching offshore regions, as far ~300 km offshore from the Nayarit coastline surrounding the IMA and Isla Isabel (Martinez-Flores et al., 2011).
2) Although it is unlikely that the IMA region becomes influenced by the regular seasonal coastal-upwelling activity detected off Cape Corrientes region (Ambriz-Arreola et al, 2012), because it is located far beyond the 60-km distance of influence that typically coastal upwelling events have (Bakun, 1996); recently it was proposed, with an altimeter merged data series of 18 years (October 1992-October 2010), a close connection of coastal wind-forced upwelling with the generation of large cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies (>10 weeks duration, mostly cyclonic) in the Cape Corrientes region that travel offshore with southwest direction in the TEP (Kurczyn et al, 2012). Mesoscale eddies in this region also can be formed through baroclinic instabilities of the near-coastal currents (Pantoja et al., 2012), interaction of the large-scale circulation with the bottom topography (Kurian et al., 2011), local wind-forcing (Pares-Sierra et al, 1993), or coastally trapped waves of equatorial origin (Zamudio et al, 2001, 2007). These long-lived eddies were mainly nonlinear and therefore can redistribute coastal waters relatively far into the open ocean. Cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in TEP region influence retention and transport of zooplankton offshore (Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006), like fish larvae (Leon-Chavez et al., 2010) and krill species assemblages (Farber-Lorda et al, 2004, 2010).
3) Another seasonal process that can strongly influence IMA insular zooplankton is a summer intense coastal poleward current of 90-180 km wide and 250-400 m deep with surface speed between 0.15 and 0.35 m [s.sup.-1] (Lavin et al, 2006). This process may explain why zooplanktonic fauna at IMA region during November 2010 was mostly formed by tropical affinity species, rather than having a large proportion of fauna from the northern subtropical Gulf of California (Mundhenke, 1969; Brinton, 1979; Brinton et al, 1986; Fernandez-Alamo & Farber-Lorda, 2006).
All these three oceanographic processes might explain why insular plankton have a large component of neritic tropical zooplankton rather than typically oceanic plankton affinity that usually occur at region >70 km offshore in the Gulf of California.
Potential methodological biases
Although the present study was far to be comprehensive (11 samples collected only during November 2010), this was done in the IMA restricted access zone (a really difficult site to sample due the existence of a Federal Prison at Isla Madre) and provided an interesting new perspective about the zooplankton neritic and tropical affinity (due the uncommon effort to gather taxonomic experts on 12 taxonomic zooplankton groups). However, the present study has several methodological limitations that must be taken into account. 1) It is evident that seasonal contrasting sampling must be done if we want to understand seasonal community structure variability, reproductive periods, as well as population attributes of zooplankton fauna that interact with near-shore benthic and nektonic fauna that inhabit the Islas Marias Archipelago. 2) Near-surface plankton net tow sampling effort likely underestimate relative abundance and species diversity of epibenthic plankton like mysids. During several scuba diving carried out in rocky and rhodolith seafloor in November 2010, we observed dense epibenthic mysid swarms that seem to play a relevant trophic function for demersal and benthic local zooplanktophagous predators. 3) The IMA fish larvae species and morph composition must be biased toward a seasonal reproductive of some fish species. Even though, this study provided evidence that may complement other studies done in this archipelago in the future. It was interesting that several fish species recorded in the present study as larvae were not included in the juvenile and adult species checklist from Islas Marias (Erisman et al, 2011). The present work increased the fish species list in the IMA with larvae of the families: Clupeidae (Opisthonema sp. 1); Phosichthyidae [Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman)]; Myctophidae [Benthosema panamense (Taning)]; Bregmacerotidae (Bregmaceros bathymaster Jordan & Bollman); Serranidae (Ephinephelus analogus Gil, Paralabrax loro Walford, Paranthias colonus Valenciennes); Ammodytidae [Ammodytoides gilli (Bean)]; Tripterygiidae [Enneanectes nigricaudus (Allen & Robertson), E. reticulates Allen & Robertson, E. sexmaculatus (Fowler)]; Dactyloscopidae [Dactyloscopus pectoralis Gill, Gillellus semicinctus Gilbert, Heteristius cinctus (Osburn & Nichols)]; Labrisomidae [Dialommus macrocephalus (Gunther)]; Chaenopsidae (Acanthemblemaria crockery Beebe & Tee-Van), Scombridae (Auxis sp. 1); Nomeidae (Psenes sio Haedrich), and Paralichthydae (Citharicthys platophrys Gilbert). Clearly, these differences obey that adults of such species typically inhabit meso-pelagic, neritic, bentho-pelagic, or oceanic habitats not covered observed during the diving surveys reported in Erisman et al. (2011).
Although estimate species diversity is one of the most common topics in marine ecology this endeavor requires an enormous amount of taxonomic expertise knowledge to identify the entire community of organisms that interact each other in this habitat. In the present study we attempted, from a modest sample size, identify as precise as possible most of the zooplankton assemblage of the tropical Islas Marias Archipelago. As a region not previously studied we found a large proportion of fish larvae not previously observed at ichthyoplanktonic surveys done along the west coast of Baja California Peninsula, Gulf of California, or Cape Corrientes regions during the more three decades of research (1980 to 2014) (Aceves-Medina et al., 2003, 2004; Franco-Gordo et al., 1999, 2004; Aceves-Medina et al., 2003, 2004; Funes-Rodriguez et al., 2011; Silva-Segundo et al, 2008; Leon-Chavez et al, 2010; Funes-Rodriguez et al, 2011; Avendano-Ibarra et al, 2013, 2014). These are most likely fish larvae of benthic or demersal coastal fish species, which larval description and taxonomy is still highly fragmented (Brogan, 1992; Moser, 1996). Fish larvae descriptions from species distributed in the Colombian Pacific were particularly useful in the present study (Beltran-Leon & Rios-Herrera, 2000), indicating the tropical zoogeographic affinity of ichthyoplanktonic fauna collected at IMA. This lack of taxonomic knowledge is prevalent in numerous taxonomic groups in Mexican waters (particularly in tropical habitats) like Decapoda, Mysidacea and all eight taxonomic groups not identified here to species level (Table 2). Therefore, define precisely the zooplankton assemblage at IMA, or in general in the Mexican TEP region, is currently an enormous scientific and taxonomic challenge if we want to understand how this small tropical Archipelago interact with processes responsible of self-maintained productivity and plankton population connectivity of this Archipelago with coastal and offshore ecosystems.
CONCLUSIONS
Insular near-shore zooplankton fauna from Islas Marias Archipelago (IMA) is dominated, in November, by species not typically captured in offshore regions of the central and northern Gulf of California regions, but they seem to be quite similar to coastal zooplankton assemblage from Cape Corrientes region. These results suggest that IMA has considerably zooplankton connectivity with the Mexican mainland coast. The most likely mesoscale oceanographic processes responsible of this coastal-insular plankton connectivity could be episodic plumes from river runoff during the seasonal hurricane season, during rainy years, eddies generated by coastal upwelling, and coastal polarward currents that result in an overall plankton drift from Cape Corrientes coast toward offshore waters. Five tropical and neritic copepod species and a Cladocera, Pseudoevadne tergestina dominate zooplankton species assemblage suggesting these species have a relevant tropho-dynamic role at coastal and insular habitats being available for planktophagous predators from the islands. Because ichthyoplankton (egg and larvae), mollusks and Decapoda taxonomy is poorly known in a taxonomic perspective, this represent an interesting investigation field to discover and describe the diverse cryptic, demersal, and benthic species community reported from this tropical Archipelago.
DOI: 10.3856/vol42-issue5-fulltext-7
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Instituto Nacional de Ecologia (INE), Mexico, Fondo Mexicano and an anonymous donor funded IMA research cruise on board Rocio del Mar Liveaboard. Scripps Institution Oceanography (SIO) Marine Vertebrate Collection, SIO Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation A.C., Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (Instituto Politecnico Nacional, SIP-IPN 20100173) also provided additional financial support. We thank facilities for research collection and permission to do this research at Islas Marias Archipelago authorized by Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), Mexico (Oficio NUM. F000526). We thank scientists and crew of the ship 'Rocio del Mar' for their valuable help during zooplankton collection. We thank to Comision Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), Secretaria de Gobernacion de Mexico and penitentiary colony at Isla Maria Madre and Secretaria de Marina for their logistical facilities. We deeply thank to the following taxonomic experts for their valuable help in the identification and literature provided of several zooplankton groups collected at IMA Archipelago: Dr. Rebeca Gasca (Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal) for Amphipoda; M.Sc. Arturo Ruiz-Villanueva (Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Veracruz) for Siphonophora; M.Sc. Maria Soledad Cota-Meza (CICImAr-IPN) for Chaetognatha, Dr. Orso Juan Angulo Campillo (CIBNOR, La Paz) for Pteropoda, Dr. Wayne Price (University of Tampa) and Dr. Leonardo Kenji Miyashita (University of Sao Paulo, Brazil) for Mysidacea, and Biol. Eduardo Anaya-Godinez for ichthyoplankton. We thank to Biol. Minerva Maldonado and Dr. Carlos J. Robinson (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) for their help to obtain satellite images of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration from IMA region.
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Received: 4 July 2013; Accepted: 30 July 2014
Jaime Gomez-Gutierrez (1), Rene Funes-Rodriguez (1), Karmina Arroyo-Ramirez (1, 2) Carlos Armando Sanchez-Ortiz (3), Juan Ramon Beltran-Castro (1), Sergio Hernandez-Trujillo (1) Ricardo Palomares-Garcia (1), Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (4) & Exequiel Ezcurra (5)
(1) Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional s/n, Col. Palo de Santa Rita, CP 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
(2) Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Mulege, Loma de Los Frailes s/n, Col. Centro Santa Rosalia, CP 23920, Baja California Sur, Mexico
(3) Departamento de Biologia Marina, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur Carretera al Sur Km 5.5, La Paz, Baja California Sur, CP 23081, Mexico
(4) Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California, USA
(5) Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside CA 92521-0147, USA
Corresponding author: Jaime Gomez-Gutierrez (jagomezg@ipn.mx)
Table 1. Comparison of zooplankton biovolume (mL 1000 [m.sup.-3])
collected with surface horizontal tows at Islas Marias
Archipelago (IMA) during November 2010 and samples collected in
the central and northern part of the Gulf of California during
November 2005, January and July-August 2007.
Regions IMA Central and northern part of
the Gulf of California
(26-30[degrees]N)
Dates Mesh net 14-23 Nov 2010 19-26 13-27 Jan 2007
333 [micro]m Nov 2005
333 333 505
[micro]m [micro]m [micro]m
Sample size (n) 11 23 29 27
Average 62.9 138.4 1095.2 377.4
Minimum 28.0 6.3 52.6 35.8
Maximum 159.4 522.8 3903.1 1108.3
Standard deviation 36.9 142.0 1107.1 344.8
Standard error 11.7 29.6 205.6 66.3
Gulf of 2.2 17.4 5.9
California/IMA
biovolume ratio
Regions Central and northern
part of the Gulf of
California (26-
30[degrees]N)
Dates Mesh net 20 Jul-02 Aug 2007
333 505
[micro]m [micro]m
Sample size (n) 21 24
Average 368.0 176.5
Minimum 28.3 22.9
Maximum 1454.9 671.4
Standard deviation 365.8 177.4
Standard error 79.8 36.2
Gulf of 5.8 2.7
California/IMA
biovolume ratio
Table 2. Zooplankton abundance (ind. 1000 [m.sup-3]) identified per
taxonomic groups collected during November 2010 in the Islas
Marias Archipelago. In bold are showed the taxonomic groups that
were further identified to family, genus or species level.
Islands Maria Magdalena
Station 4 6
Date dd/mm/yy 14/11/10 15/11/10
Collecting time 14:15 11:00
Copepoda # 82862.6 # 9864.4 #
Dccapoda # 2804.6 # 1345.1 #
Cladocera # 4334.3 # 448.4 #
Mysidacea # 1784.7 # 56.0 #
Euphausiacea # 5864.1 # 504.4 #
Fish eggs 106.2 107.4
Appendicularia # 4079.4 # 952.8 #
Chaetognatha # 3059.5 # 1064.9 #
Siphonophora # 1784.7 # 392.3 #
Amphipoda # 1274.8 # 448.4 #
Pteropoda # 1784.7 # 392.3 #
Radiolaria 1274.8 280.2
Salps 1274.8 112.1
Pclccypoda 0.0 56.0
Fish larvae # 478.1 # 105.1 #
Stomatopoda 255.0 56.0
Cephalopoda # 18.8 0.0
Ostracoda 509.9 0.0
Equinodermata 255.0 0.0
Cirripedia 254.9 0
total 114061.1 16186.1
Islands Maria Cleofas
Station 11 12A 12B
Date dd/mm/yy 16/11/10 17/11/10 18/11/10
Collecting time 10:55 13:50 8:00
Copepoda # 247277.0 # 30759.2 # 47137.4 #
Dccapoda # 4521.2 # 4694.0 # 13490.8 #
Cladocera # 8694.7 # 331.3 # 1766.7 #
Mysidacea # 115.9 # 6074.5 # 481.8 #
Euphausiacea # 1159.3 # 165.7 # 642.4 #
Fish eggs 1009.6 1909.8 240.9
Appendicularia # 579.6 # 165.7 # 0.0
Chaetognatha # 695.6 # 1546.2 # 0.0
Siphonophora # 0.0 165.7 # 80.3 #
Amphipoda # 347.8 # 0.0 # 401.5 #
Pteropoda # 0.0 165.7 # 80.3 #
Radiolaria 463.7 220.9 0.0
Salps 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pclccypoda 347.8 165.7 401.5
Fish larvae # 19.3 614.4 # 23.4 #
Stomatopoda 231.9 55.2 401.5
Cephalopoda # 34.5 # 0.0 0.0
Ostracoda 0.0 331.3 80.3
Equinodermata 115.9 55.2 0,0
Cirripedia 115.9 0 0
total 265729.7 47420.4 65228.9
Islands Maria Madre
Station 14 17
Date dd/mm/yy 19/11/10 19/11/10
Collecting time 10:40 19:45
Copepoda # 7368.9 # 35089.4 #
Dccapoda # 2238.0 # 2107.8 #
Cladocera # 491.3 # 124.0 #
Mysidacea # 5130.9 # 8431.4 #
Euphausiacea # 491.3 # 248.0 #
Fish eggs 284.3 1012.6
Appendicularia # 163.8 # 372.0 #
Chaetognatha # 327.5 # 620.0 #
Siphonophora # 109.2 # 620.0 #
Amphipoda # 218.6 # 248.0 #
Pteropoda # 109.2 # 496.0 #
Radiolaria 54.6 372.0
Salps 0.0 0.0
Pclccypoda 0.0 124.0
Fish larvae # 2.3 # 15.5 #
Stomatopoda 0.0 0.0
Cephalopoda # 0.0 # 0.0
Ostracoda 0.0 0.0
Equinodermata 0.0 0.0
Cirripedia 0 0
total 16989.6 49880.5
Islands San Juanito
Station 19 20A 20B
Date dd/mm/yy 20/11/10 21/11/10 21/11/10
Collecting time 14:35 10:50 22:20
Copepoda # 27555.5 # 54327.4 # 31892.3 #
Dccapoda # 128.2 # 339.5 # 4447.6 #
Cladocera # 6408.3 # 2603.2 # 217.0 #
Mysidacea # 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euphausiacea # 128.2 # 2150.5 # 3037.4 #
Fish eggs 1062.7 1928.8 551.4
Appendicularia # 1538.0 # 792.3 # 1084.8 #
Chaetognatha # 1281.7 # 792.3 # 325.4 #
Siphonophora # 640.8 # 339.5 # 108.5 #
Amphipoda # 128.2 # 1131.8 # 433.9 #
Pteropoda # 640.8 # 339.5 # 108.5 #
Radiolaria 384.5 339.5 325.4
Salps 1025.3 0.0 0.0
Pclccypoda 0.0 339.5 108.5
Fish larvae # 48.1 # 0.0 18.1 #
Stomatopoda 128.2 0.0 325.4
Cephalopoda # 0.0 26.5 # 17.0 #
Ostracoda 0.0 113.2 0.0
Equinodermata 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cirripedia 0 0 0
total 41098.3 65563.6 43001.1
Islands Maria Mean Relative
Madre
Station 22
Date dd/mm/yy 23/11/10 abundance abundance
Collecting time 11:20 ind 1000 and
[m.sup.3] frequency
% (n)
Copepoda # 70205.7 # 58576.3 # 79.2 (11) #
Dccapoda # 2009.5 # 3466.0 # 4.7 (11) #
Cladocera # 4898.1 # 2756.1 # 3.7 (11) #
Mysidacea # 0.0 2006.8 2.7 (7) #
Euphausiacea # 2135.1 # 1502.4 # 2.0 (11) #
Fish eggs 3820.1 1094.0 1.5 (11)
Appendicularia # 1883.9 # 1055.6 # 1.4 (10) #
Chaetognatha # 1507.1 # 1020.0 # 1.4 (10) #
Siphonophora # 376.8 # 419.8 # 0.6 (10) #
Amphipoda # 0.0 421.2 # 0.6 (9) #
Pteropoda # 376.8 # 408.5 3 0.5 (9) #
Radiolaria 0.0 337.8 0.5 (9)
Salps 125.6 230.7 0.3 (4)
Pclccypoda 628.0 197.4 0.3 (8)
Fish larvae # 345.4 # 151.8 # 0.2 (10) #
Stomatopoda 125.6 143.5 0.2 (7)
Cephalopoda # 19.1 # 10.5 # 0.2 (5) #
Ostracoda 125.6 105.5 0.1 (5)
Equinodermata 0.0 38.7 0.1 (3)
Cirripedia 0 33.7 0.0 (2)
total 88582.1 73976.5 100.0
Note: The taxonomic groups that were further identified to family,
genus or species level are indicated with #.
Table 3. Systematic species composition, relative abundance,
mean, and standard deviation abundance (ind 1000 nr3) of selected
holozooplankton and merozooplankton taxonomic groups collected at
Islas Marias Archipelago during November 2010. SD: standard
deviation.
Large Family Genus and Sampling stations
classi- species
fication
4 6
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae Acartia 0.0 0.0
Calanoida lilljeborgii
Giesbretch
Acartiidae Acartia 0.0 0.0
tonsa Dana
Calanidae Canthocalanus 4249.4 583.8
pauper
(Giesbrecht)
Calanidae Undinula 531.2 0.0
vulgaris
(Dana)
Candaciidae Candada 0.0 0.0
catula
(Giesbrecht)
Candaciidae Candada trim 796.8 0.0
cata (Dana)
Centropagidae Centropages 1327.9 408.7
furcatus
(Dana)
Clausocalanidae Clausocalanus 1859.1 58.4
furcatus
(Brady)
Clausocalanidae Clausocalamus 5577.3 58.4
jobei Frost
& Fleminger
Eucalanidae Subeucalanus 2655.9 583.8
mucronatas
(Giesbrecht)
Eucalamdae Subeucalanus 796.8 1809.9
subcrassus
(Giesbrecht)
Eucalanidae Subeucalanus 0.0 116.8
subtenuis
(Giesbrecht)
Euchactidac Euchaeta 1062.3 291.9
indica
Wolfenden
Euchactidac Euchaeta 0.0 0.0
longicornis
(Giesbrecht)
Euchaetidae Euchaeta rimana 265.6 0.0
Brad fort 1974
Paracalanidae Acrocalamts 3452.6 1226
gibber
(Giesbrecht)
Paracalanidae Calanopia 13544.8 233.5
minor A. Scott
Paracalanidae Calocalanus 531.2 116.8
pavo (Dana)
Paracalanidae Paracalanus 0.0 0.0
aculeatus
(Giesbrecht)
Paracalanidae Paracalanus 0.0 0.0
paivus (Claus)
Pontellidae Labidocera 531.2 291.9
acuta (Dana)
Pontellidae Labidocera 0.0 0.0
diandra
Fleminger
Scolecithricidae Scolecitrhix 531.2 0.0
bradvi
(Giesbrecht)
Tcmoridac Temora 1062.3 116.8
discaudata
(Giesbrecht)
Order Ointhonidae Oithona 1327.9 0.0
Cyclopoida plumifera
Baird
Order Clytemnestridae Clytemnestra 0.0 0.0
Harpacticoida scutellata
Dana
Tachidiidae Euterpina 0.0 0.0
acutifrons
(Dana)
Order Coryeaeidae Corycaeus 0.0 0.0
Poeeilosto- andrewsi
matoida Earran
Corycaeidae Corycaeus 0.0 233.5
catus Dahl E.
Coryeaeidae Corycaeus 1062.3 525.4
speciosus
Dana
Oncaeidae Oncea venusta 2921.4 1985.0
Phillippi
Sapphirinidae Copiiia 531.2 233.5
mirabilis Dana
Sapphirinidae Sapphirina 0.0 0.0
gastrica
Giesbrecht
Sapphirinidae Sapphirina 0.0 0.0
gemma Dana
Sapphirinidae Sapphirina 531.2 175.1
scarlata
Giesbrecht
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae Euphausia 3187.0 700.6
Euphausiacea distinguenda
Hansen
Euphausiidae Euphausia 0.0 175.1
eximia
Hansen
Euphausiidae Euphausia 2390.3 58.4
lamelligera
Hansen
Enphausiidae Nematoscelis 0.0 0.0
gracilis
Hansen
Euphausiidae Nyctiphanes 0.0 56.0
simplex
Hansen
Euphausiidae Stvlocheiron 0.0 0.0
carinatum
GO Sars
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae Lucifer typus 255.0 0.0
H. Milne-
Edwards, 1837
Sycyoniidae Slavonic sp. 0.0 0.0
Penaeidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Solenoceridae Solenocera sp. 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae Petrolisthes 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Porcellanidae Petrolisthes 0.0 56.0
sp. 2
Porcellanidae Petrolisthes 255.0 0.0
sp. 3
Poreellanidae Petrolisthes 0.0 56
sp. 4
Paguridae Pa gurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Paguridac Pa gurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 2
Paguridae Pagurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 3
Paguridac Pagurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 4
Paguridae Pagurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 5
Paguridae Pagurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 6
Paguridae Pagurus 0.0 0.0
sp. 7
Parapaguridae Parapagurus 0.0 0.0
sp.
Callianassidae Caliianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Callianassidae Callianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 2
Callianassidae Caliianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 3
Callianassidae Callianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 4
Callianassidae Callianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 5
Callianassidae Callianassa 0.0 0.0
sp. 6
Callianassidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Bythograeidae Bythograea 0.0 0.0
sp.
Atelecyelidae Atelecyclus 0.0 0.0
sp.
Calappidae type 1 255.0 0.0
Ethusidae Ethusa sp. 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae Grapsus sp. 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae Pachygrapsus 255.0 56.0
sp.
Homolidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Majoidea type 1 0.0 0.0
Majoidea type 2 0.0 0.0
Ocypodidae Uca sp. 255.0 56.0
Pinnotheridae Pinnotheres sp. 0.0 0.0
Portunidae Callinectes sp. 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae Xantho sp. 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae type 1 0.0 112.1
Alpheidae Alpheus sp. 764.9 0.0
Alpheidae Athanas sp. 0.0 224.2
Elippolytidae Evalus sp. 0.0 0.0
Hippolytidae Nauticaris sp. 0.0 0.0
Hippolytidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Palaemon sp. 1 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Palaemon sp. 2 255.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Palaemon sp. 3 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Palaemon sp. 4 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Palaemon sp. 5 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae Pa 1aemon 0.0 0.0
sp. 6
Palaemonidae Palaemonetes 0.0 0.0
sp.
Palaemonidae Pontonia sp. 0.0 0.0
Pasiphaeidae Pasiphaea sp. 0.0 0.0
Processidae Processa sp. 0.0 0.0
Upogebiidae Upogebia sp. 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae Panulirus 0.0 0.0
gracilis
Streets, 1871
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae Mysidium 1859.1 58.4
Mysida rickettsi
Harrison &
Bowman
Mysidae Sirietla 0.0 0.0
pacifica
Holmes
Order Hyperiidae Hyperietta 0.0 0.0
Amphipoda stephenseni
Bowman
Hyperiidac Hyperioides 265.6 531.2
sibaginis
(Stebbing)
Lestrigonidae Lestrigonus 0.0 796.8
bengalensis
Giles
Lestrigonidae Lestrigonus 0.0 0.0
latissimus
(Bovallius)
Lestrigonidae Lestrigonus 0.0 0.0
schizogeneios
(Stebbing)
Lestrigonidae Lestrigonus 0.0 0.0
shoemakeri
Bowman
Lycaeidae Lycaea sp. 0.0 265.6
(juvenil)
Lycacidae Simorhynchotus 0.0 0.0
antennarius
Claus
Lycaeopsidae Lycaeopsis 0.0 0.0
themistoides
Claus
Oxycephalidac Oxvcephalus 265.6 0.0
clausi
Bovadillus
Oxycephalidae Rhabdosoma 0.0 0.0
minor Fage
Paraseelidae Schizoscelus 0.0 0.0
omatus Claus
Phionimidae Phronima 0.0 0.0
sedentaria
(Forskal)
Pronoidae Para lycaea 0.0 0.0
gracilis
Claus
Pronoidae Parapronoeparva 0.0 0.0
Claus
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae Penilia 265.6 175.1
Cladocera avirostris Dana
Podonidae Pseudevadne 4249.4 291.9
lergestina
(Claus)
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae Rassia 0.0 0.0
Siphonophorae bassensis
Quoy & Gaimard
Suborder Agalmatidae Agalma okeni 0.0 0.0
Calycophorae Eschscholtz
Agalmatidae Nanomia bijuga 0.0 0.0
(Delle Chiaje)
Diphyidae Chetophyes 0.0 0.0
conforta (Lens
& van
Reimsdijk)
Diphyidae Diphyes dispar 265.6 350.3
Chamisso
& Lysenhardt
Diphyidae Diphyidae sp. 1062.3 0.0
Diphyidae Eudoxoides 531.2 58.4
mitra (Huxley)
Diphyidae Muggiaea 0.0 0.0
atlantica
Cunningham
Diphyidae Sulculeolaria 0.0 0.0
turgida
(Gegenbaur)
Unknown Non identified 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae Krohnitta sp. 1593.5 467.1
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae Krohnitta 0.0 0.0
subtilis
(Grassi)
Sagittidae Aidanosagitta 0.0 58.4
neglecta
(Aida)
Sagittidae Ferosagitta 0.0 0.0
robusta
(Doncaster)
Sagittidae Flaccisagitta 3187.0 58.3.8
enflata
(Grassi)
Sagittidae Serratosagitta 2390.3 0.0
pacifica
(Tokioka)
Unknown identified 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae Carol in ia 531.2 0.0
Thecosomata inflexa
(Lesueur)
Creseidae Creseis 0.0 0.0
virgula
virgula Rang
Creseidae Creseis 0.0 0.0
chierchiae
(Boas)
Creseidae Creseis conica 0.0 23.3.5
Eschscholtz
Creseidae Creseis 265.6 0.0
virgula
conica
Eschscholtz
Desmoptendae Desmopterus 0.0 0.0
pacificas
Essenberg
Limacinidae Limacina 0.0 175.1
helicina
(Phipps)
Limacinidae Limacina 0.0 0.0
injlata
(D'Orbigny)
Limacinidae Limacina 0.0 0.0
Irochiformis
(D'Orbigny)
Order Montacutidac Planktomya 0.0 0.0
Veneroida henseni
Simroth
Montacutidae Planktomya 265.6 175.1
sp.
Order Atlantidac Atlanta 0.0 116.8
Littori- lesueurii
nimorpha J. E. Gray
Atlantidae Atlanta peronii 0.0 0.0
Lesneur
Unknown Gasteropoda 0.0 233.5
sp.
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae Octopus sp. 796.8 0.0
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae Oikopleura 4249.4 992.5
Copelata dioica Fol
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae Harengu/a 10.6 2.3
formes thrissina
(Jordan &
Gilbert)
Stomii- Phosichthyidae Vinciguerria 0.0 2.3
formes lucetia
(Garman)
Clupeidae Opisthonema 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Myctophi Myctophidae Benthosema 0.0 0
formes panamense
(Taning)
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae Bregmaceros 0.0 0
batymaster
Jordan &
Bollman
Atherini Atherinopsidae Atherinella 0.0 0.0
formes eriarcha
Jordan
& Gilbert
Mugili Mugilidae type 1 0.0 0.0
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae type 1 10.6 0.0
formes
Perciformes Carangidae Caranx sp. 1 0.0 0.0
Carangidae Decapterus 0.0 0
muroadsi
(Temminck &
Schlegel)
Carangidae Decapterus 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Serranidae Epinephehts 21.2 0
anaiogus Gill
Serranidae Paralabrax 0.0 0.0
loro Waliord
Serranidae Paramhias 0.0 2.3
colonus
(Valeneiennes)
Serranidae Serranas 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Serranidae type 1 0.0 2.3
Haemulidae type 1 10.6 0.0
Haemulidae type 2 10.6 0.0
Hacmulidae type 3 10.6 0.0
Haemulidae type 4 10.6 0.0
Hacmulidae type 5 21.2 0.0
Haemulidae type 6 10.6 0.0
Haemulidae type 7 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidac type 1 10.6 0.0
Sciaenidae type 2 0.0 0.0
Pomacentridae Abudefduf 0.0 0.0
tronchela
(Gill)
Pomaccntridae Abudefduf sp. 1 21.2 0.0
Pomacentridae Pomacen tridae 21.2 0.0
sp.l
Ammodytidae Ammodytoides 10.6 0.0
gilli (Bean)
Tripterygiidae Axoclinus 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Tripterygiidae Enneanectes 10.6 9.3
carminalis
(Jordan &
Gilbert)
Tripterygiidae Axoclinus 0.0 2.3
nigricaudus
Allen &
Robertson
Tripterygiidae Enneanectes 0.0 2.3
reticulatus
Allen &
Robertson
Tripterygiidae Enneanectes 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Tripterygiidae Enneanectes 0.0 2.3
sp. 2
Tripterygiidae Enneanectes 0.0 0.0
sp. 3
Dactyloscopidae type 1 10.6 0.0
Dactyloscopidac type 2 0.0 4.7
Dactyloscopidae type 3 0.0 2.3
Dactyloscopidae type 4 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 5 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 6 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 7 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopi dae type 8 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 9 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 10 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae type 11 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae Dactyloscopus 0.0 11.7
byersi Dawson
Dactyloscopidae Dactylagmis 0.0 2.3
mundus Gill
Dactyloscopidae Dactyloscopus 0.0 18.7
pectoralis Gill
Dactyloscopidac Gillellus 0.0 2.3
semicinctus
Gilbert
DactyLoscopidae Gillellus sp. 1 10.6 0.0
Dactyloscopidae Gillellus sp. 2 0.0 0
Dactyloscopidae Gillellus sp. 3 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae Heteristius 0.0 0.0
cinctus (Osburn
& Nichols)
Labrisomidae Dialommus 0.0 0.0
macrocephalus
(Gunther)
Labrisomidae Labrisomus 0.0 o.u
sp. 1
Labrisomidae Labrisomus 0.0 0.0
striatus Hubbs
Labrisomidae Labrisomus 0.0 0.0
xanti Gill
Labrisomidae Malacoctenus 0.0 4.7
sp. 1
Labrisomidae Malacoctenus 0.0 0.0
sp. 2
Labrisomidae Malacoctenus 0.0 0.0
sp. 3
Labrisomidae Malacoctenus 0.0 2.3
sp. 4
Labrisomidae Malacoctenus 0.0 0.0
sp. 5
Labrisomidae Paraclimis 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Labrisomidae Paradinas 0.0 0.0
sp. 2
Labrisomidae Star lest 0.0 0.0
a sp. 1
Labrisomidae Starksia sp. 2 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae Starksia sp. 3 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae type 1 21.2 0
Labrisomidae type 2 21.2 0.0
Chaenopsidae Acanthem- 0.0 2.3
blemaria
crocked
Beebe &
Tee-Van
Chaenopsidae Acanthem- 0.0 4.7
blemaria
macrospilus
Brock
Chaenopsidae Coralliozents 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Chaenopsidae Coralliozetus 0.0 0.0
sp. 2
Chaenopsidae Coralliozents 0.0 0.0
sp. 3
Chaenopsidae Emhiemaria 0.0 0.0
piritica
Ginsburg
Chaenopsidae Protemblemaria 0.0 0.0
bicirrus
(Hildebrand)
Gobiesocidae type 1 10.6 0.0
Gobiesocidae type 2 10.6 0
Gobiesocidae type 3 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae type 4 0.0 2.3
Gobiesocidae type 5 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae type 6 0.0 2.3
Gobiesocidae type 7 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae Elaealinus 0.0 0.0
sp. 1
Gobiidae Ilypnus sp. 1 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae Lythryprius 10.6 0
sp. 1
Gobiidae type 1 0.0 0.0
Scombridae Auxis sp. 1 170.0 9.3
Scombridae Euthynnus 0.0 4.7
limatus
Kishinouye
Scombridae Thunnus 0.0 4.7
albacares
(Bonnatene)
Scombridae type 1 0.0 0.0
Nomeidae Psenessio 0.0 0.0
Haedrich
Paralichthvdae Citharicthys 0.0 0.0
plaiophrys
Gilbert
Paralichthydae Scyacium 0.0 0.0
lalifrons
(Jordan &
Gilbert)
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae type sp. 1 0.0 0.0
nectiformes
Unknown type sp. 1 10.6 0.0
Unknown type sp. 2 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 3 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 4 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 5 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 6 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 7 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 8 0.0 0.0
Unknown type sp. 9 10.6 0.0
Large Family Sampling stations
classi-
fication
11 12A 12B
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae 0.0 920.4 752.8
Calanoida
Acartiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calanidae 3381.3 1840.8 5018.9
Calanidae 241.5 115.0 167.3
Candaciidae 1086.8 287.6 334.6
Candaciidae 120.8 0.0 0.0
Centropagidae 4226.6 1208.0 8113.9
Clausocalanidae 483.0 172.6 0.0
Clausocalanidae 9298.5 1323.0 1589.3
Eucalanidae 483.0 57.5 0.0
Eucalamdae 3019.0 172.6 334.6
Eucalanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euchactidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euchactidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euchaetidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paracalanidae 7970.1 1208.0 1840.3
Paracalanidae 17993.2 862.9 1087.4
Paracalanidae 362.3 0.0 83.6
Paracalanidae 362.3 115.0 752.8
Paracalanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pontellidae 120.8 287.6 250.9
Pontellidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scolecithricidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tcmoridac 724.6 460.2 836.5
Order Ointhonidae 1086.8 1150.5 752.8
Cyclopoida
Order Clytemnestridae 0.0 0.0 83.6
Harpacticoida
Tachidiidae 0.0 0.0 83.6
Order Coryeaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poeeilosto-
matoida
Corycaeidae 1569.9 402.7 1673.0
Coryeaeidae 845.3 632.8 418.2
Oncaeidae 2052.9 805.3 1171.1
Sapphirinidae 362.3 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 120.8 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 483.0 115.0 167.3
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae 603.8 0.0 572.1
Euphausiacea
Euphausiidae 120.8 165.7 0.0
Euphausiidae 362.3 0.0 0.0
Enphausiidae 115.9 0.0 0.0
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sycyoniidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Penaeidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Solenoceridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae 0.0 55.2 80.3
Porcellanidae 115.9 0.0 2730.3
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poreellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Paguridac 0.0 0.0 80.3
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Paguridac 0.0 0.0 80.3
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 160.6
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 722.7
Parapaguridae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Callianassidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 110.4 80.3
Callianassidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 642.4
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Bythograeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atelecyelidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calappidae 115.9 0.0 0.0
Ethusidae 0.0 110.4 0.0
Grapsidae 0.0 0.0 481.8
Grapsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Homolidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 55.2 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 55.2 0.0
Ocypodidae 347.8 0.0 2810.6
Pinnotheridae 0.0 110.4 0.0
Portunidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 0.0 80.3
Xanthidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Alpheidae 0.0 938.8 562.1
Alpheidae 0.0 165.7 0.0
Elippolytidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Hippolytidae 0.0 55.2 0.0
Hippolytidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 110.4 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 55.2 160.6
Palaemonidae 115.9 110.4 0.0
Palaemonidae 115.9 110.4 2007.6
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 160.6
Palaemonidae 0.0 331.3 160.6
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 160.6
Pasiphaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Processidae 0.0 110.4 0.0
Upogebiidae 0.0 110.4 0.0
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae 115.9 0.0 160.6
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae 120.8 5805.3 418.2
Mysida
Mysidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Hyperiidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Amphipoda
Hyperiidac 0.0 0.0 265.6
Lestrigonidae 1062.3 0.0 796.8
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 265.6
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycacidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycaeopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraseelidae 0.0 0.0 265.6
Phionimidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae 966.1 345.1 167.3
Cladocera
Podonidae 8090.9 0.0 15*9.3
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siphonophorae
Suborder Agalmatidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calycophorae
Agalmatidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 115.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 57.5 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 83.6
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 0.0 57.5 0.0
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 1086.8 1553.1 585.5
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 167.3
Unknown 241.5 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae 120.8 0.0 0.0
Thecosomata
Creseidae 603.8 115.0 250.9
Creseidae 0.0 230.1 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creseidae 120.8 0.0 0.0
Desmoptendae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 120.8 0.0 0.0
Order Montacutidac 0.0 0.0 83.6
Veneroida
Montacutidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Atlantidac 120.8 0.0 0.0
Littori-
nimorpha
Atlantidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 83.6
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae 362.3 0.0 0.0
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae 603.8 172.6 0.0
Copelata
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae 0.0 16.1 0.0
formes
Stomii- Phosichthyidae 0 0.0 0
formes
Clupeidae 0 0.0 0
Myctophi Myctophidae 0 0.0 0.0
formes
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae 0 0.0 0.0
Atherini Atherinopsidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
formes
Mugili Mugilidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Perciformes Carangidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Carangidae 0.0 4.6 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 3.3
Serranidae 0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Sciaenidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Pomacentridae 0.0 4.6 0.0
Pomaccntridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pomacentridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ammodytidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 23.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 48.3 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 16.1 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 48.3 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 9.2 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 9.2 0.0
Dactyloscopi dae 0.0 13.8 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 18.4 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 35.2 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 34.5 0.0
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
DactyLoscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 41.4 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 4.6 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 20.7 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 16.1 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 9.2 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 9.2 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 11.5 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 9.2 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 16.1 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 4.6 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 9.2 3.3
Chaenopsidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 29.9 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 46.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 6.9 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 4.6 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 13.4
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Scombridae 14.5 6.9 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Nomeidae 0.0 2.3 0.0
Paralichthvdae 0.0 6.9 0.0
Paralichthydae 4.8 4.6 0.0
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
nectiformes
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 6.9 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 3.3
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 2.3 0.0
Unknown 0.0 2.3 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Large Family Sampling stations
classi-
fication
14 17 19
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae 0.0 258.3 0.0
Calanoida
Acartiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calanidae 625.4 2970.6 2136.1
Calanidae 398.0 774.9 133.5
Candaciidae 0.0 1291.6 267.0
Candaciidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Centropagidae 227.4 645.8 0.0
Clausocalanidae 0.0 0.0 934.5
Clausocalanidae 284.3 7103.7 4272.2
Eucalanidae 56.9 387.5 0.0
Eucalamdae 966.6 645.8 133.5
Eucalanidae 0.0 258.3 133.5
Euchactidac 227.4 129.2 0.0
Euchactidac 56.9 0.0 0.0
Euchaetidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paracalanidae 1364.6 5682.9 2803.6
Paracalanidae 227.4 2195.7 801.0
Paracalanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paracalanidae 284.3 1162.4 934.5
Paracalanidae 0.0 129.2 0.0
Pontellidae 56.9 0.0 0.0
Pontellidae 56.9 0.0 0.0
Scolecithricidae 56.9 258.3 267.0
Tcmoridac 511.7 387.5 0.0
Order Ointhonidae 0.0 387.5 0.0
Cyclopoida
Order Clytemnestridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harpacticoida
Tachidiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Coryeaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poeeilosto-
matoida
Corycaeidae 170.6 645.8 667.5
Coryeaeidae 284.3 1679.0 267.0
Oncaeidae 966.6 2841.5 267.0
Sapphirinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 0.0 516.6 0.0
Sapphirinidae 113.7 387.5 0.0
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae 1237.2 253.2 6007.7
Euphausiacea
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.0 1335.1
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.0 3738.1
Enphausiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Euphausiidae 54.6 0.0 0.0
Euphausiidae 54.6 0.0 0.0
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sycyoniidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Penaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Solenoceridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 163.8 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poreellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 124.0 0.0
Paguridac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parapaguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 o.o
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 124.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 124.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bythograeidae 54.6 0.0 0.0
Atelecyelidae 0.0 124.0 0.0
Calappidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethusidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Homolidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 0.0 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ocypodidae 1582.9 124.0 384.5
Pinnotheridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portunidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 124.0 128.2
Xanthidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae 54.6 124.0 128.2
Alpheidae 2074.2 0.0 0.0
Alpheidae 0.0 0.0 128.2
Elippolytidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hippolytidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hippolytidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 109.2 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 512.7
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pasiphaeidae 0.0 124.0 0.0
Processidae 0.0 0.0 256.3
Upogebiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae 5319.7 8777.5 0.0
Mysida
Mysidae 0.0 129.2 0.0
Order Hyperiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amphipoda
Hyperiidac 0.0 265.6 0.0
Lestrigonidae 265.6 265.6 0.0
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycacidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycaeopsidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidae 54.6 0.0 0.0
Paraseelidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Phionimidae 531.2 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 0.0 265.6 0.0
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cladocera
Podonidae 511.7 129.2 6675.3
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siphonophorae
Suborder Agalmatidae 0.0 0.0 133.5
Calycophorae
Agalmatidae 0.0 387.5 0.0
Diphyidae 113.7 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 129.2 534.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 129.2 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae 56.9 129.2 133.5
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae 0.01 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 133.5
Sagittidae 227.4 258.3 667.5
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 133.5
Unknown 56.9 516.6 133.5
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thecosomata
Creseidae 0.0 516.6 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Desmoptendae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Montacutidac 0.0 258.3 0.0
Veneroida
Montacutidae 284.3 0.0 0.0
Order Atlantidac 0.0 129.2 0.0
Littori-
nimorpha
Atlantidae 113.7 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae 170.6 387.5 1602.1
Copelata
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae 0.0 5.2 0.0
formes
Stomii- Phosichthyidae 0.0 0 0
formes
Clupeidae 0.0 0.0 5.3
Myctophi Myctophidae 0.0 0 0.0
formes
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae 0.0 0.0 5.3
Atherini Atherinopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Mugili Mugilidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Perciformes Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidae 0.0 0.0 0
Pomacentridae 0.0 o.o 0.0
Pomaccntridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pomacentridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ammodytidae 0.0 0.0 0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 10.7
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 o.o 0.0
Dactyloscopi dae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
DactyLoscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.3
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.3
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.3
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 10.7
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 2.3 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nomeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paralichthvdae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paralichthydae 0.0 5.2 0.0
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
nectiformes
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 5.2 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Large Family Sampling stations
classi-
fication
20A 20B 22
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Calanoida
Acartiidae 0.0 113.0 0.0
Calanidae 4833.8 678.0 7587.8
Calanidae 589.5 0.0 261.6
Candaciidae 825.3 1130.0 1700.7
Candaciidae 235.8 452.0 130.8
Centropagidae 353.7 0.0 7064.5
Clausocalanidae 117.9 0.0 392.5
Clausocalanidae 1650.6 3276.9 8896.1
Eucalanidae 943.2 226.0 392.5
Eucalamdae 3065.3 1130.0 2878.1
Eucalanidae 235.8 0.0 654.1
Euchactidac 471.6 339.0 392.5
Euchactidac 0.0 0.0 130.8
Euchaetidae 0.0 0.0 261.6
Paracalanidae 11789.8 226.0 4055.6
Paracalanidae 1414.8 2259.9 4840.5
Paracalanidae 235.8 0.0 130.8
Paracalanidae 1886.4 1017.0 1831.5
Paracalanidae 0.0 113.0 0.0
Pontellidae 235.8 0.0 261.6
Pontellidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scolecithricidae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Tcmoridac 3183.2 791.0 1569.9
Order Ointhonidae 0.0 339.0 130.8
Cyclopoida
Order Clytemnestridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harpacticoida
Tachidiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Coryeaeidae 707.4 113.0 523.3
Poeeilosto-
matoida
Corycaeidae 471.6 226.0 392.5
Coryeaeidae 589.5 904.0 2354.8
Oncaeidae 1532.7 452.0 3009.0
Sapphirinidae 117.9 113.0 261.6
Sapphirinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sapphirinidae 825.3 113.0 130.8
Sapphirinidae 117.9 113.0 130.8
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae 1528.0 2033.9 130.8
Euphausiacea
Euphausiidae 117.9 0.0 0.0
Euphausiidae 589.5 1130.0 1962.4
Enphausiidae 0.0 265.6 0.0
Euphausiidae 117.9 0.0 0.0
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sycyoniidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Penaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Solenoceridae 0.0 108.5 0.0
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 125.6
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Porcellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poreellanidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 1410.2 0.0
Paguridac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paguridac 0.0 1518.7 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 867.8 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 108.5 0.0
Paguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parapaguridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae u.o 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Callianassidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bythograeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atelecyelidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calappidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethusidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grapsidae 113.2 108.5 376.8
Homolidae 0.0 217.0 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 0.0 0.0
Majoidea 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ocypodidae 226.4 542.4 1255.9
Pinnotheridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portunidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Xanthidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Alpheidae 113.2 0.0 0.0
Alpheidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Elippolytidae 0.0 0.0 125.6
Hippolytidae 0.0 0.0 125.6
Hippolytidae 0.0 0.0 125.6
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 433.9 0.0
Palaemonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pasiphaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Processidae 0.0 433.9 0.0
Upogebiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mysida
Mysidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Hyperiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amphipoda
Hyperiidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 796.8 796.8 0.0
Lestrigonidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Lestrigonidae 531.2 0.0 0.0
Lycaeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lycacidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Lycaeopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oxycephalidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraseelidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Phionimidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 265.6 0.0 0.0
Pronoidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae 0.0 0.0 261.6
Cladocera
Podonidae 2711.7 226.0 4709.7
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Siphonophorae
Suborder Agalmatidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calycophorae
Agalmatidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 117.9 0.0 130.8
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Diphyidae 117.9 0.0 130.8
Diphyidae 0.0 1130.0 0.0
Diphyidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 117.9 0.0 0.0
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae 117.9 113.0 0.0
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 117.9 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 353.7 0.0 1569.9
Sagittidae 117.9 0.0 0.0
Unknown 235.8 452.0 523.3
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae 117.9 0.0 0.0
Thecosomata
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creseidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Desmoptendae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Limacinidae 0.0 0.0 130.8
Limacinidae 0.0 113.0 523.3
Order Montacutidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Veneroida
Montacutidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Order Atlantidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Littori-
nimorpha
Atlantidae 235.8 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 339.0 0.0
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae 117.9 113.0 130.8
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae 825.3 H30.0 : 1962.4
Copelata
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae 0.0 0 0.0
formes
Stomii- Phosichthyidae 0-0 0 0.0
formes
Clupeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Myctophi Myctophidae 00 4.5 0.0
formes
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atherini Atherinopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Mugili Mugilidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
formes
Perciformes Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Carangidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Carangidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 4.5 0.0
Serranidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0 0.0 0.0
Hacmulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haemulidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sciaenidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pomacentridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pomaccntridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pomacentridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ammodytidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 41.9
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 89.0
Tripterygiidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopi dae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Dactyloscopidac 0.0 0.0 0.0
DactyLoscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dactyloscopidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 10.5
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 52.3
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 15.7
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 5.2
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 10.5
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 10.5
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 10.5
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labrisomidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 31.4
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaenopsidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiesocidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gobiidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 4.5 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scombridae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nomeidae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paralichthvdae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paralichthydae 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae 0.0 4.5 0.0
nectiformes
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0 0.0
Large Family Sum Relative
classi- abundance
fication and
frequency
% (n)
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae 2062.3 0.457 (4)
Calanoida
Acartiidae 113 0.025 (1)
Calanidae 33905.9 7.509 (11)
Calanidae 3212.5 0.711 (9)
Candaciidae 6923.6 1.533 (8)
Candaciidae 1736.2 0.384 (5)
Centropagidae 23576.5 5.221 (9)
Clausocalanidae 4018 0.890 (7)
Clausocalanidae 43330.3 9.596 (11)
Eucalanidae 5786.3 1.280 (9)
Eucalamdae 14952.2 3.311 (11)
Eucalanidae 1398.5 0.310 (5)
Euchactidac 2913.9 0.642 (7)
Euchactidac 187.7 0.042 (2)
Euchaetidae 527.2 0.117 (2)
Paracalanidae 41619.5 9.217 (11)
Paracalanidae 45461.1 10.068 (11)
Paracalanidae 1460.5 0.323 (6)
Paracalanidae 8346.2 1.848 (9)
Paracalanidae 242.2 0.054 (2)
Pontellidae 2036.7 0.451 (9)
Pontellidae 56.9 0.013 (2)
Scolecithricidae 1244.2 0.276 (5)
Tcmoridac 9643.7 2.136 (10)
Order Ointhonidae 5175.3 1.146 (7)
Cyclopoida
Order Clytemnestridae 83.6 0.019 (1)
Harpacticoida
Tachidiidae 83.6 0.019 (1)
Order Coryeaeidae 1343.7 0.298 (3)
Poeeilosto-
matoida
Corycaeidae 6453.1 1.429 (10)
Coryeaeidae 9562.6 2.118 (11)
Oncaeidae 18004.5 3.987 (11)
Sapphirinidae 1619.5 0.359 (6)
Sapphirinidae 120.8 0.027 (1)
Sapphirinidae 1585.7 0.351 (4)
Sapphirinidae 2334.5 0.517 (10)
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae 15368.4 3.403 (11)
Euphausiacea
Euphausiidae 1748.9 0.387 (4)
Euphausiidae 10231 2.266 (7)
Enphausiidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Euphausiidae 117.9 0.026 (1)
Euphausiidae 0.0 0.001 (1)
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae 255.0 0.056 (1)
Sycyoniidae 80.3 0.018 (1)
Penaeidae 80.3 0.018 (1)
Solenoceridae 108.5 0.024 (1)
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae 135.5 0.030 (2)
Porcellanidae 3135.6 0.694 (4)
Porcellanidae 56.0 0.012 (1)
Porcellanidae 255.0 0.056 (1)
Poreellanidae 56.0 0.012 (1)
Paguridae 1465.4 0.325 (2)
Paguridac 80.3 0.018 (1)
Paguridae 204.3 0.045 (2)
Paguridac 1599.0 0.354 (2)
Paguridae 867.8 0.192 (1)
Paguridae 269.1 0.060 (2)
Paguridae 722.7 0.16 (1)0
Parapaguridae 80.3 0.018 (1)
Callianassidae 55.2 0.012 (1)
Callianassidae 190.7 0.042 (2)
Callianassidae 55.2 0.012 (1)
Callianassidae 642.4 0.142 (1)
Callianassidae 204.3 0.045 (2)
Callianassidae 124.0 0.027 (1)
Callianassidae 80.3 0.018 (1)
Bythograeidae 54.6 0.012 (1)
Atelecyelidae 124.0 0.027 (1)
Calappidae 370.9 0.082 (2)
Ethusidae 110.4 0.024 (1)
Grapsidae 481.8 0.107 (1)
Grapsidae 909.4 0.201 (5)
Homolidae 272.2 0.060 (2)
Majoidea 55.2 0.012 (1)
Majoidea 55.2 0.012 (1)
Ocypodidae 7585.5 1.680 (11)
Pinnotheridae 110.4 0.024 (1)
Portunidae 55.2 0.012 (1)
Xanthidae 332.5 0.074 (2)
Xanthidae 55.2 0.012 (1)
Xanthidae 474.1 0.105 (5)
Alpheidae 4453.2 0.986 (5)
Alpheidae 518.0 0.115 (3)
Elippolytidae 180.8 0.040 (1)
Hippolytidae 180.8 0.040 (1)
Hippolytidae 125.6 0.028 (1)
Palaemonidae 219.6 0.049 (2)
Palaemonidae 470.8 0.104 (3)
Palaemonidae 226.4 0.050 (2)
Palaemonidae 2233.9 0.495 (3)
Palaemonidae 512.7 0.114 (1)
Palaemonidae 160.6 0.036 (1)
Palaemonidae 925.9 0.205 (3)
Palaemonidae 160.6 0.036 (1)
Pasiphaeidae 124.0 0.027 (1)
Processidae 800.7 0.177 (3)
Upogebiidae 110.4 0.024 (1)
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae 276.5 0.061 (2)
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae 1859.1 0.412 (7)
Mysida
Mysidae 129.2 0.029 (1)
Order Hyperiidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Amphipoda
Hyperiidac 1328 0.294 (4)
Lestrigonidae 4780.7 1.059 (7)
Lestrigonidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Lestrigonidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Lestrigonidae 531.2 0.118 (1)
Lycaeidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Lycacidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Lycaeopsidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Oxycephalidac 265.6 0.059 (1)
Oxycephalidae 0.0 0.00001 (1)
Paraseelidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Phionimidae 531.2 0.118 (1)
Pronoidae 265.6 0.059 (2)
Pronoidae 265.6 0.059 (1)
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae 2180.8 0.483 (6)
Cladocera
Podonidae 291*5.1 6.663 (10)
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae 130.8 0.029 (1)
Siphonophorae
Suborder Agalmatidae 133.5 0.030 (1)
Calycophorae
Agalmatidae 387.5 0.086 (1)
Diphyidae 113.7 0.025 (1)
Diphyidae 1642.8 0.364 (7)
Diphyidae 1062.3 0.235 (1)
Diphyidae 1025 0.227 (6)
Diphyidae 1130 0.250 (1)
Diphyidae 83.6 0.019 (1)
Unknown 117.9 0.026 (1)
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae 2611.1 0.578 (7)
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae 0.01 0.000 (1)
Sagittidae 233.8 0.052 (3)
Sagittidae 133.5 0.030 (1)
Sagittidae 10073 2.231 (10)
Sagittidae 2809 0.622 (4)
Unknown 2159.6 0.478 (7)
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae 769.9 0.171 (3)
Thecosomata
Creseidae 1617.1 0.358 (5)
Creseidae 230.1 0.051 (1)
Creseidae 233.5 0.052 (1)
Creseidae 386.4 0.086 (2)
Desmoptendae 130.8 0.029 (1)
Limacinidae 175.1 0.039 (1)
Limacinidae 130.8 0.029 (1)
Limacinidae 757.1 0.168 (3)
Order Montacutidac 341.9 0.076 (2)
Veneroida
Montacutidae 725 0.161 (3)
Order Atlantidac 366.8 0.081 (3)
Littori-
nimorpha
Atlantidae 349.5 0.077 (2)
Unknown 656.1 0.145 (3)
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae 1520.8 0.337 (5)
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae 12096.0 2.679 (10)
Copelata
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae 34.2 0.008 (11)
formes
Stomii- Phosichthyidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
formes
Clupeidae 5.3 0.001 (1)
Myctophi Myctophidae 4.5 0.001 (1)
formes
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae 5.3 0.001 (1)
Atherini Atherinopsidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
formes
Mugili Mugilidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
formes
Perciformes Carangidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Carangidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Carangidae 4.6 0.001 (1)
Serranidae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Serranidae 3.3 0.001 (1)
Serranidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Serranidae 4.5 0.001 (1)
Serranidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Haemulidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Haemulidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Hacmulidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Haemulidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Hacmulidae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Haemulidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Haemulidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Sciaenidac 10.6 0.002 (1)
Sciaenidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Pomacentridae 4.6 0.001 (1)
Pomaccntridae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Pomacentridae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Ammodytidae 12.9 0.003 (2)
Tripterygiidae 7.5 0.002 (2)
Tripterygiidae 85.3 0.019 (4)
Tripterygiidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Tripterygiidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Tripterygiidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Tripterygiidae 139.6 0.031 (3)
Tripterygiidae 15.9 0.004 (2)
Dactyloscopidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Dactyloscopidac 4.7 0.001 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 16.1 0.004 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 48.3 0.011 (I)
Dactyloscopidae 9.2 0.002 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 9.2 0.002 (1)
Dactyloscopi dae 13.8 0.003 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 18.4 0.004 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 55.2 0.013 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 11.7 0.003 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 58.4 0.013 (3)
Dactyloscopidac 2.3 0.001 (1)
DactyLoscopidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Dactyloscopidae 41.4 0.009 ill
Dactyloscopidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 4.6 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 5.3 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 5.2 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 41.2 0.009 (4)
Labrisomidae 68.4 0.016 (3)
Labrisomidae 24.9 0.006 (2)
Labrisomidae 16.8 0.004 (3)
Labrisomidae 16.7 0.004 12)
Labrisomidae 7.5 0.002 (2)
Labrisomidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Labrisomidae 19.7 0.004 (2)
Labrisomidae 26.6 0.006 (2)
Labrisomidae 15.1 0.003 (2)
Labrisomidae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Labrisomidae 21.2 0.005 (1)
Chaenopsidae 14.S 0.003 (3)
Chaenopsidae 7 0.002 (2)
Chaenopsidae 61.3 0.014 (2)
Chaenopsidae 56.7 0.013 (2)
Chaenopsidae 6.9 0.002 (1)
Chaenopsidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Chaenopsidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Gobiesocidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Gobiesocidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Gobiesocidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Gobiesocidae 4.6 0.001 (2)
Gobiesocidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Gobiesocidae 6.9 0.002 (2)
Gobiesocidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Gobiidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Gobiidae 13.4 0.003 (1)
Gobiidae 10.6 0.002 (1)
Gobiidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Scombridae 205.2 0.045 (1)
Scombridae 4.7 0.001 (1)
Scombridae 4.7 0.001 (1)
Scombridae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Nomeidae 2.3 0.001 (1)
Paralichthvdae 6.9 0.002 (1)
Paralichthydae 14.6 0.003 (3)
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae 4.5 0.001 (1)
nectiformes
Unknown 10.6 0.002 (1)
Unknown 6.9 0.002 (1)
Unknown 3.3 0.001 (1)
Unknown 5.2 0.001 (1)
Unknown 0 0.000 (1)
Unknown 0 0.000 (1)
Unknown 2.3 0.001 (1)
Unknown 2.3 0.001 (1)
Unknown 2.3 0.001 (1)
Large Family Statistics
classi-
fication
Mean SD
Phylum
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Crustacea
Class
Maxillopoda
Subclass
Copepoda
Order Acartiidae 187.5 333.3
Calanoida
Acartiidae 10.3 34.1
Calanidae 3082.4 2215.4
Calanidae 292.0 252.2
Candaciidae 629.4 600.7
Candaciidae 157.8 255.4
Centropagidae 2143.3 2950.6
Clausocalanidae 365.3 574.1
Clausocalanidae 3939.1 3355.0
Eucalanidae 526.0 763.9
Eucalamdae 1359.3 1147.5
Eucalanidae 127.1 201.0
Euchactidac 264.9 316.5
Euchactidac 17.1 41.4
Euchaetidae 47.9 106.6
Paracalanidae 3783.6 3490.5
Paracalanidae 4132.8 5978.0
Paracalanidae 132.8 176.9
Paracalanidae 758.7 680.5
Paracalanidae 22.0 49.1
Pontellidae 185.2 166.7
Pontellidae 5.2 17.2
Scolecithricidae 113.1 173.1
Tcmoridac 876.7 880.9
Order Ointhonidae 470.5 517.9
Cyclopoida
Order Clytemnestridae 7.6 25.2
Harpacticoida
Tachidiidae 7.6 25.2
Order Coryeaeidae 122.2 249.6
Poeeilosto-
matoida
Corycaeidae 586.6 549.0
Coryeaeidae 869.3 637.4
Oncaeidae 1636.8 996.4
Sapphirinidae 147.2 180.2
Sapphirinidae 11.0 36.4
Sapphirinidae 144.2 273.7
Sapphirinidae 212.2 172.8
Class
Malacostraca
Subclass
Eumalacos-
traca
Super Order
F.ucarida
Order Enphausiidae 1477.7 1774.7
Euphausiacea
Euphausiidae 174.1 391.9
Euphausiidae 930.1 1256.2
Enphausiidae 34.7 84.1
Euphausiidae 28.1 42.2
Euphausiidae 4.9 16.5
Order
Decapoda
Suborder
Dendrob-
ranchiata
Luciferidae 23.2 76.9
Sycyoniidae 7.3 24.2
Penaeidae 7.3 24.2
Solenoceridae 9.9 32.7
Suborder
Plcocyemata
Galatheidae 12.3 28.0
Porcellanidae 285.1 813.4
Porcellanidae 5.1 16.9
Porcellanidae 23.2 76.9
Poreellanidae 5.1 16.9
Paguridae 133.2 423.9
Paguridac 7.3 24.2
Paguridae 18.6 42.5
Paguridac 145.4 456.1
Paguridae 78.9 261.7
Paguridae 24.5 55.7
Paguridae 65.7 217.9
Parapaguridae 7.3 24.2
Callianassidae 5.0 16.7
Callianassidae 17.3 39.2
Callianassidae 5.0 16.7
Callianassidae 58.4 193.7
Callianassidae 18.6 42.5
Callianassidae 11.3 37.4
Callianassidae 7.3 24.2
Bythograeidae 5.0 16.5
Atelecyelidae 11.3 37.4
Calappidae 33.7 81.2
Ethusidae 10.0 33.3
Grapsidae 43.8 145.3
Grapsidae 82.7 126.3
Homolidae 24.7 65.9
Majoidea 5.0 16.7
Majoidea 5.0 16.7
Ocypodidae 689.6 863.1
Pinnotheridae 10.0 33.3
Portunidae 5.0 16.7
Xanthidae 30.2 53.1
Xanthidae 5.0 16.7
Xanthidae 43.1 54.7
Alpheidae 404.8 655.3
Alpheidae 47.1 83.5
Elippolytidae 16.4 39.8
Hippolytidae 16.4 39.8
Hippolytidae 11.4 37.9
Palaemonidae 20.0 44.4
Palaemonidae 42.8 85.8
Palaemonidae 20.6 45.8
Palaemonidae 203.1 600.2
Palaemonidae 46.6 154.6
Palaemonidae 14.6 48.4
Palaemonidae 84.2 156.8
Palaemonidae 14.6 48.4
Pasiphaeidae 11.3 37.4
Processidae 72.8 144.2
Upogebiidae 10.0 33.3
Suborder
Reptantia
Palinuridae 25.1 56.8
Super Order
Peracarida
Order Mysidae 2032.6 3118.
Mysida
4
Mysidae 11.7 39.0
Order Hyperiidae 24.1 80.1
Amphipoda
Hyperiidac 120.7 182.6
Lestrigonidae 434.6 416.1
Lestrigonidae 24.1 80.1
Lestrigonidae 24.1 80.1
Lestrigonidae 48.3 160.2
Lycaeidae 24.1 80.1
Lycacidae 24.1 80.1
Lycaeopsidae 24.1 80.1
Oxycephalidac 24.1 80.1
Oxycephalidae 49 16.5
Paraseelidae 24.1 80.1
Phionimidae 48.3 160.2
Pronoidae 48.2 160.2
Pronoidae 24.1 80.1
Class
Branchiopoda
Order
Diplostraca
Suborder Sididae 198.3 286.0
Cladocera
Podonidae 2653.2 2883.1
Phylum C
ni daria
Class
Ilydrozoa
Order Abylidae 11.9 39.4
Siphonophorae
Suborder Agalmatidae 12.1 40.3
Calycophorae
Agalmatidae 35.2 116.8
Diphyidae 10.3 34.3
Diphyidae 149.3 171.5
Diphyidae 96.6 320.3
Diphyidae 93.2 155.3
Diphyidae 102.7 340.7
Diphyidae 7.6 25.2
Unknown 10.7 35.5
Phylum
Chactognatha
Order Krohnittidae 237.4 469.3
Aphragmophora
Krohnittidae 0.0 0.0
Sagittidae 21.3 39.6
Sagittidae 12.1 40.3
Sagittidae 915.7 914.5
Sagittidae 255.4 711.1
Unknown 196.3 213.5
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order Cavoliniidae 70.0 160.2
Thecosomata
Creseidae 147.0 220.7
Creseidae 20.9 69.4
Creseidae 21.2 70.4
Creseidae 35.1 84.6
Desmoptendae 11.9 39.4
Limacinidae 15.9 52.8
Limacinidae 11.9 39.4
Limacinidae 68.8 157.8
Order Montacutidac 31.1 79.4
Veneroida
Montacutidae 65.9 115.9
Order Atlantidac 33.3 57.2
Littori-
nimorpha
Atlantidae 31.8 75.8
Unknown 59.6 117.2
Class
Cephalopoda
Order Octopodidae 138.3 244.9
Oetopoda
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Appendi-
cularia
Order Oikopleuridae 1099.6 1212.0
Copelata
Subphylum
Craniata
Superclass
Gnathos-
tomata
Class
Actinop-
terygii
Clupei Clupeidae 3.1 5.5
formes
Stomii- Phosichthyidae 0.2 0.7
formes
Clupeidae 0.5 1.6
Myctophi Myctophidae 0.4 1.4
formes
Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae 0.5 1.6
Atherini Atherinopsidae 0.2 0.7
formes
Mugili Mugilidae 0.5 1.6
formes
Seorpaeni Seorpaenidae 1.0 3.2
formes
Perciformes Carangidae 02 0.7
Carangidae 0.5 1.6
Carangidae 0.4 1.4
Serranidae 1.9 6.4
Serranidae 0.3 1.0
Serranidae 0.2 0.7
Serranidae 0.4 1.4
Serranidae 0.2 0.7
Haemulidae 1.0 3.2
Haemulidae 1.0 3.2
Hacmulidae 1.0 3.2
Haemulidae 1.0 3.2
Hacmulidae 1.9 6.4
Haemulidae 1.0 3.2
Haemulidae 0.2 0.7
Sciaenidac 1.0 3.2
Sciaenidae 0.2 0.7
Pomacentridae 0.4 1.4
Pomaccntridae 1.9 6.4
Pomacentridae 1.9 6.4
Ammodytidae 1.2 3.2
Tripterygiidae 0.7 1.6
Tripterygiidae 8.7 16.5
Tripterygiidae 0.2 0.7
Tripterygiidae 0.2 0.7
Tripterygiidae 0.2 0.7
Tripterygiidae 12.7 29.1
Tripterygiidae 1.4 3.4
Dactyloscopidae 1.0 3.2
Dactyloscopidac 0.4 1.4
Dactyloscopidae 0.2 0.7
Dactyloscopidae 1.5 4.9
Dactyloscopidae 4.4 14.6
Dactyloscopidae 0.8 2.8
Dactyloscopidae 0.8 2.8
Dactyloscopi dae 1.3 4.2
Dactyloscopidae 0.5 1.6
Dactyloscopidae 1.7 5.5
Dactyloscopidae 5.0 16.6
Dactyloscopidae 1.1 3.5
Dactyloscopidae 0.2 0.7
Dactyloscopidae 5.3 11.2
Dactyloscopidac 0.2 0.7
DactyLoscopidae 1.0 3.2
Dactyloscopidae 0.5 1.6
Dactyloscopidae 3.8 12.5
Dactyloscopidae 0.5 1.6
Labrisomidae 0.4 1.4
Labrisomidae 0.5 1.6
Labrisomidae 0.5 1.6
Labrisomidae 0.5 1.6
Labrisomidae 3.7 6.6
Labrisomidae 6.2 16.0
Labrisomidae 2.3 5.2
Labrisomidae 1.5 3.0
Labrisomidae 1.5 3.7
Labrisomidae 0.7 1.6
Labrisomidae 0.2 0.7
Labrisomidae 1.8 4.0
Labrisomidae 2.4 5.5
Labrisomidae 1.4 3.3
Labrisomidae 1.9 6.4
Labrisomidae 1.9 6.4
Chaenopsidae 1.3 2.8
Chaenopsidae 0.6 1.5
Chaenopsidae 5.6 12.4
Chaenopsidae 5.2 13.9
Chaenopsidae 0.6 2.1
Chaenopsidae 0.2 0.7
Chaenopsidae 0.2 0.7
Gobiesocidae 1.0 3.2
Gobiesocidae 1.0 3.2
Gobiesocidae 0.2 0.7
Gobiesocidae 0.4 0.9
Gobiesocidae 0.2 0.7
Gobiesocidae 0.6 1.5
Gobiesocidae 0.2 0.7
Gobiidae 0.2 0.7
Gobiidae 1.2 4.0
Gobiidae 1.0 3.2
Gobiidae 0.2 0.7
Scombridae 18.7 50.4
Scombridae 0.4 1.4
Scombridae 0.4 1.4
Scombridae 0.2 0.7
Nomeidae 0.2 0.7
Paralichthvdae 0.6 2.1
Paralichthydae 1.3 2.3
Pleuro- Cynoglossidae 0.4 1.4
nectiformes
Unknown 1.0 3.2
Unknown 0.6 2.1
Unknown 0.3 1
Unknown 0.5 1.6
Unknown 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.0 0.0
Unknown 0.2 0.7
Unknown 0.2 0.7
Unknown 0.2 0.7
Table 4. Fish larvae (ichthyoplankton) taxonomic assemblage
collected at the Mexican Tropical Pacific, Gulf of California and
California Current System, nd: no data available, *: Juvenile and
adult fish checklist investigation carried out diving during
November 2010 survey (Erisman et al.. 2011).
Region Location Order Family Genera Species
number number number number
Mexican Islas Marias 18 73 197 294
Tropical Archipelago
Pacific (adults) *
Islas Marias 9 23 38 107
Archipelago
Isla Isabel 8 23 25 45
Jalisco and 15 43 58 98
Colima bays
Jalisco and 21 57 80 111
Colima shelf
Sinaloa, nd 57 56 131
Jalisco and
Colima shelf
and oceanic
region
Tehuantepec, 18 29 43 73
Oaxaca
Gulf of Gulf of 21 95 57 283
California California
Baja West coast Baja nd 57 104 151
California California
Peninsula
West coast Baja nd 58 102 128
California Sur
California Point nd 51 39 191
Current Conception-
System Punta Eugenia
Oregon-southern nd nd nd 249
tip of Baja
California
California 25 141 340 467
Current and
adjacent seas
Region Location Dominant Sampling effort
species
Mexican Islas Marias 7 31 locations &
Tropical Archipelago literature
Pacific (adults) * review *
Islas Marias 3 11 samples Nov
Archipelago 2010
Isla Isabel 3 12 samples Oct
Jalisco and 1 72 samples; 11
Colima bays monthly surveys
Jalisco and 1 132 samples; 11
Colima shelf monthly surveys
Sinaloa, 2 100 samples; 2
Jalisco and months surveys
Colima shelf
and oceanic
region
Tehuantepec, 2 G8 samples; 2
Oaxaca months surveys
Gulf of Gulf of 3 465 samples;
California California 1984-1988
Baja West coast Baja 2 ~275 samples;
California California 1998-2000
Peninsula
West coast Baja 2 ~143 samples;
California Sur 1998-2000
California Point nd 11,500 samples;
Current Conception- 1954-60
System Punta Eugenia
Oregon-southern nd
tip of Baja
California
California nd
Current and
adjacent seas
Region Location Reference
Mexican Islas Marias Erisman et al.
Tropical Archipelago (2011)
Pacific (adults) *
Islas Marias This study
Archipelago
Isla Isabel Funes-
Rodriguez
(unpubl. data)
Jalisco and Silva-Segundo
Colima bays et al. (2008)
Jalisco and Franco-Gordo et
Colima shelf al. (1999,
2002)
Sinaloa, Leon-Chavez et
Jalisco and al. (2010)
Colima shelf
and oceanic
region
Tehuantepec, Lopez-Chavez et
Oaxaca al. (2012)
Gulf of Gulf of Aceves-Medina
California California et al. (2003)
Baja West coast Baja Jimenez-
California California Rosenberg et
Peninsula al. (2010)
West coast Baja Jimenez-
California Sur Rosenberg et
al. (2010)
California Point Moser et al.
Current Conception- (1987)
System Punta Eugenia
Oregon-southern Moser & Smith
tip of Baja (1993)
California
California Moser (1996)
Current and
adjacent seas
Figure 3. Relative abundance of near-shore zooplankton identified per
a) zooplankton groups and b) selected numerically dominant
zooplankton species that could be the most trophically relevant
zooplankton species from the Islas Marias Archipelago recorded during
November 2010.
Relative abundance (%)
Zooplankton groups
Copepoda 79.2
Decapoda 4.7
Cladocera 3.7
Mysidacea 2.7
Euphausidae 2.0
Fish eggs 1.5
Apendicularia 1.4
Chaetognatha 1.4
Amphipoda 0.6
Siphonofora 0.6
Pteropoda 0.5
Radiolaria 0.5
Salps 0.3
Pellecipoda 0.3
Fish larvae 0.2
Stomatopoda 0.2
Ostracoda 0.1
Equinodermata 0.1
Cirri pedia <0.1
Cephalopoda <0.1
Numerically dominant
zooplankton species
Catanopla minor (Cop) 10.1
Clausocalanus jobei (Cop) 9.6
Acrocalanus gibber (Cop) 9.2
Canthocaianus pauper (Cop) 7.5
Pseudevadne tergestina (Clad) 6.5
Centropages furcatus (Cop) 5.2
Oncea venusta (Cop) 4.0
Euphausia distinguenda (Euph) 3.4
Subeucalanus suberassus Cop) 3.3
Oikopleura dioica (Apend) 2.7
Euphausia lameiltigera (Euph) 2.3
Flaccisagitta enflata (Cheat) 2.2
Temora discaudata (Cop) 2.1
Corycaeus speciosus (Cop) 2.1
Paracalanus aculeatus (Cop) 1.8
Uca sp. (Decap) 1.7
Candacia catula (Cop) 1.5
Corycaeus catus (Cop) 1.4
Subeucalanus mucronatus (Cop) 1.3
Oithona plumifera (Cop) 1.1
Lestrigonus bengalensis (Amph) 1.1
Alpheus sp. (Decap) 1.0
Clavsocalanus furcatus (Cop) 0.9
Undinula vulgaris (Cop) 0.7
Petrolisthes sp. 1 (Decap) 0.7
Euchaeta Indica (Cop) 0.6
Serratosagitta pacifica (Chaet) 0.6
Krohnitta sp. (Chaet) 0.6
Sapphirina scarlata (Cop) 0.5
Palaemon sp 4 (Decap) 0.5
Sum = 86.3%
Note: Table made from bar graph.
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| Title Annotation: | articulo en ingles |
|---|---|
| Author: | Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime; Funes-Rodriguez, Rene; Arroyo-Ramirez, Karmina; Sanchez-Ortiz, Carlos Armand |
| Publication: | Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research |
| Date: | Nov 1, 2014 |
| Words: | 21842 |
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