A flora of the Ballona wetlands and environs.
A list of vascular plant taxa is provided for a study area that encompasses the current Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve, Ballona Freshwater Wetlands, and areas that were part of the historic Ballona Wetlands and adjacent bluffs. The flora for this area has been documented in unpublished reports and voucher collections but not compiled into a single list. A total of 407 taxa comprise this flora, of which 40% are not indigenous to California. This percentage is higher than the percentage of non-indigenous species in California as a whole (17%). Out of 242 native species reported for the study area, 26 percent (62 species) have not been observed or collected since major hydrological alterations of the watershed began in the 1930s. Restoration planned for the Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve offers an opportunity to re-introduce some of the historically native flora, including rare and endangered species.The study area is located about two miles north of Los Angeles International Airport (Fig. 1). Limits of the study area were defined based on maps of the historical extent of the wetlands and adjacent uplands. Land use planning in this region has been controversial for at least 40 years, with various proposals ranging from development to restoration. With the exception of occasional botanical collections, systematic floristic surveys were not documented until Clark (1979), when a single season of field work was conducted in March and April of 1978. Subsequent floristic surveys in 1980-1981 by Gustafson (1981) and in 1990 by Henrickson (1991) covered more than one season. While these surveys were supported in part by voucher collections deposited with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, results of these and subsequent surveys (Read 1995; MEC Analytical Systems 2005; Johnston 2011) were not published. This paper combines plant lists and historical collection records for the Ballona region into a single list and updates nomenclature. Historical conditions, occurrence of rare species, and occurrence of non-native invasive taxa are also discussed.
Latin nomenclature was updated based on current taxonomy (Baldwin et al. 2012). In cases of species subject to extensive taxonomic revisions, older taxonomies were used to verify identification of historical collections (Abrams 1902, 1917; Munz 1974). Historical maps were examined to locate landmarks cited in voucher collections but not present on current maps. These historical maps consisted of a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1876 (Grossinger et al. 2011) and a vegetation mapping survey of the Redondo 15-minute quadrangle by Jensen (1933). These maps were overlaid on current topography using Geographic Information System software to verify locations of historical landmarks relative to the study area. Reports of archaeological surveys (Altschul et al. 1992, 2003) were reviewed for historical land alterations potentially affecting the flora.
All plant taxa reported from the study area are listed in Table 1. This table is necessarily abbreviated for presentation here. The entire database, including details such as accession numbers and references for each observation or collection, can be provided upon request. Only taxa indigenous or naturalized in the study area were included in this table in order to make the list more meaningful for analysis, restoration and management. In other words, non-invasive, non-native ornamental taxa known to be confined to existing or abandoned landscapes were omitted. A total of 407 taxa are shown in Table 1, of which about 40 percent (165 taxa) are not native to California. Changes in taxonomy over time, especially below the species level, have a minor effect on these statistics.
Out of the 242 native taxa listed, about 26 percent (62 species) have not been observed or collected since the 1930s when there were major hydrological alterations of the area for flood control and farming. One of these historical species, Ballona cinquefoil (Potentilla multijuga), is believed to have been endemic to Ballona but extirpated sometime after its last collection in 1890 by H.E. Hasse from a "brackish area in coastal sage scrub".
Human impacts in the study area over the past two centuries have been documented extensively by others (Dark et al. 2011; Grossinger et al. 2011), so it is important to recognize that historical botanical collections from the study area do not represent pristine (pre-human disturbance) conditions or a complete flora of the region. A survey map of the wetlands was not published until 1876, which is 57 years after cattle herds were pastured in the Ballona Creek drainage beginning around 1819 (Altschul et al., 1992 p. 56). After 1819, the earliest known botanical collections from Ballona were by S.B. Parish 63 years later, in 1882.
Thus, given at least two centuries of land alteration in the region, it is not surprising that a substantial portion of the flora is not native. The proportion of non-native flora is high when compared to the proportion of 17% non-native taxa in California as a whole (1), and especially high considering the small size of the study area (1,824 ha) relative to the geographic extent of California (42,476 ha).
Most of the non-native flora has established in the absence of systematic efforts at restoring conditions suitable for sustaining native species in a heavily urbanized watershed, but not all of the invaders have been equally successful. One of the first records of non-native species is of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), collected by Abrams in 1902, yet this species has not invaded the wetlands as extensively as a relative newcomer, pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana). There are no historic collections of Cortaderia from the study area and its occurrence at Ballona was unremarked until it was reported by Clark (1979).
Coastal estuarine and saltmarsh taxa are noticeably rare in the historical collections. Most of the historic flora is composed of species associated with upland, freshwater or brackish habitats. While there could be various reasons for this, the high proportion of non-estuarine taxa in historical collections is consistent with documentation by Dark et al. (2011) of springs and seasonal ponds that were prevalent historically but no longer exist. One example of this freshwater flora is giant horsetail (Equisetum telmateia), collected by Abrams in 1901 from Ballona Creek while it was still a meandering, natural stream. Another example is Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) collected by Ewan in 1932 along Ballona Creek in the area of what is now Culver City. This is the only native tree represented in the historic flora.
Examination of the plant list also reveals interesting inconsistencies in the taxonomic records. For example, Senecio californicus was collected by Abrams in 1901, but later collectors (Gustafson 1981; Henrickson 1991) identified only Senecio vulgaris, a non-native species. This may be a simple misidentification, but alternatively could be an example of niche displacement of a native Senecio by an exotic species.
Lastly, determination of which species are truly "native" to the study area is complicated by changes in taxonomy (e.g., "lumping" vs. "splitting" varieties and subspecies), misidentifications, and intentional introduction of taxa for "restoration" without documentation of variety or seed origin. A species of pincushion (Chaenactis glabriuscula), an annual herb associated with sandy soils, has been reported several times since it was first collected in 1901. This taxon persists into the current period, but tracing its history of occurrence is complicated by taxonomic re-classifications of some historical collections, and "restoration" efforts that distributed C. glabriuscula seeds of unspecified variety and unknown origin. Currently, a variety considered rare by the California Native Plant Society and identified as C. g. var. orcuttiana persists in dunes that are subject to ongoing restoration efforts, but it is not clear whether this variety is indigenous, intentionally planted, or some combination of both. Some voucher specimens from the study area are classified as the more common variety, C. g. var. glabriuscula, and deserve further study.
Historical maps show "marsh" but are silent on the issue of what proportion of the wetlands consisted of freshwater vs. saltwater or brackish marsh. However, botanical records show that the study area was occupied by a highly diverse ecosystem. The area encompassed not just wetlands, but a wide variety of other habitat types including dunes, freshwater marshes, seasonal ponds, and riparian communities. Taxonomic inconsistencies in the botanical record introduce some margin of error in calculating species richness, but this is largely of academic interest. Habitat restoration in the study area offers a unique opportunity to reverse a decades-old trend of exotic invasion at the expense of native diversity, while recognizing that significant alterations of the watershed render it impossible to fully restore the historic flora. This study provides a starting point for enhancing function and diversity of the Ballona Wetlands.
Literature Cited
Abrams, L.A. 1902. Additions to the flora of Los Angeles County, please change to Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1 (7): 87.
Abrams, L.A. 1917. Flora of Los Angeles and Vicinity. New Era Printing Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Altschul, J.H., J.A. Homburg, and R.S. Ciolek-Torrello. 1992. Life in the Ballona: Archaeological Investigations at the Admiralty Site (CA-LAN-47) and the Channel Gateway Site (CA-LAN-1596-H). Statistical Research, Inc. Technical Series No. 33.
Altschul, J.H., A.Q. Stoll, D.R. Grenda, and R. Ciolek-Torrello. 2003. At the Base of the Bluff: Archaeological Inventory and Evaluation along Lower Centinela Creek, Marina del Rey, California. Statistical Research, Inc. Playa Vista Monograph Series Test Excavation Report 4.
Baldwin, B.G., D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson, T.J. Rosatti, and D.H. Wilken, editors. 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Clark, J. 1979. Ballona Vegetation Survey. Report dated May 10, 1979, prepared for The Conservation Foundation.
Dark, S., E.D. Stein, D. Bram, J. Monteferante, T. Longcore, R. Grossinger, and E. Beller. 2011. Historical Ecol- ogy of the Ballona Creek Watershed. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Technical Report #671.
Grossinger, R.M., E.D. Stein, K.N. Cayce, R.A. Askevold, S. Dark, and A.A. Whipple. 2011. Historical Wetlands of the Southern California Coast: An Atlas of US Coast Survey T-Sheets, 1851-1889. San Francisco Estu- ary Institute Contribution # 586, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Technical Report # 589. data download for T-Sheet #T1432b from caltsheets.org/socal/index.html.
Gustafson, R.J. 1981. The Vegetation of Ballona. Undated report prepared for Playa Vista.
Henrickson, J. 1991. Botanical Resources of Playa Vista. Report dated May 12, 1991, prepared for Playa Vista.
Jensen, S.A. 1933. Vegetation Map of the Redondo 15-Minute Quadrangle. Downloaded from http://vtm. berkeley.edu.
Johnston, K., 2011. The Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve Baseline Assessment Program 2009-2010 Final Report. Prepared for the California State Coastal Conservancy and California Department of Fish and Game. Issued November, 2011.
MEC Analytical Systems, 2005. 2004 Biological Study of Ballona Wetlands, Los Angeles County, California. Final Report, prepared for US Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District.
Munz, P.A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Read, E. 1995. Sensitive Plant Surveys and Vegetation Update for Playa Vista. Report prepared for Impact Sciences, Inc.
E.A. Read
E Read and Associates, Inc. Orange, CA 92866, marshmistress@msn.com
(1) Calculated from Baldwin et al. (2012), p. 1521.
Table 1. Checklist of the Flora of the Ballona Wetlands and
Environs.
FERNS
Equisetaceae Horsetail Family
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. ssp.
braunii (J. Milde) Hauke giant horsetail
MAGNOLIDS
Lauraceae Laurel Family
Umbellularia californica
(Hook. & Am.) Nutt. California bay
Saururaceae Lizard's-Tail Family
Anemopsis californica (Nutt.)
Hook. & Am. yerba mansa
EUDICOTS
Adoxaceae Muskroot Family
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. caerulea
(Raf.) Bolli blue elderberry
Aizoaceae Iceplant Family
Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.)
Schwantes * baby sun rose
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br. * freeway iceplant
Delosperma litorale (Kensit) L.
Bolus * ice plant
coppery
Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes * mesembryanthemum
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. * common iceplant
slender-leaved
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. * iceplant
Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. western sea-purslane
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.)
Kuntze * New Zealand spinach
Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family
Amaranthus albus L. * tumbleweed
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson procumbent pigweed
Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) S.
Watson Californian amaranth
large fruited
Amaranthus deflexus L. * amaranth
Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.
Sauer var. rudis (J.D.
Sauer) Costea & Tardif * common waterhemp
Anacardeaceae Sumac Family
Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Abrams laurel sumac
Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Rothr. lemonade berry
Rhus ovata S. Watson sugar bush
Schinus molle L. * pepper tree
Brazilian pepper
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi * tree
Apiaceae Carrot Family
Apium graveolens L. * celery
Conium maculatum L. * poison hemlock
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.)
Britton & P. Wilson * marsh parsley
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. * fennel
Oenanthe sarmentosa DC. water parsley
Apocynaceae Dogbane Family
Asclepias fascicular is Decne. narrow-leaf milkweed
Asteraceae Sunflower Family
Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. * Russian knapweed
Amblyopappus pusillus Hook. & Am. dwarf coastweed
Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. annual bursage
Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene beach bur-sage
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. western ragweed
Anthemis cotula L. * mayweed
Artemisia californica Less. California sagebrush
Artemisia douglasiana Besser mugwort
Artemisia dracunculus L. tarragon
Baccharis glutinosa Pers. marsh baccharis
Baccharis pilularis DC. coyote brush
Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.)
Pers. mulefat
Bidens laevis (L.) Britton et al. bur-marigold
California
Brickellia californica (Torr. & A.
Gray) A. Gray brickellbush
Centaurea melitensis L. * tocalote
Centromadia parryi (Greene) Greene
ssp. australis (D.D.
Keck) B.G. Baldwin southern tarplant
Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. var.
orcuttiana (Greene) H.M.
Hall Orcutt's pincushion
Chondrilla juncea L. * skeleton weed
Cichorium intybus L. * chicory
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. * bull thistle
Coreothrogyne filaginifolia
(Hook. & Am.) Nutt. Califomia-aster
Cotula australis (Spreng.) Hook, f. * Australian cotula
Cotula coronopifolia L. * brass-buttons
Deinandra fasciculata (DC.) Greene clustered tarplant
Deinandra paniculata (A. Gray)
Davidson & Moxley paniculate tarplant
trailing African
Dimorphothecafruticosa (L.) DC. * daisy
California
Encelia californica Nutt. brittlebush
Ericameria ericoides (Less.) Jeps. California goldenbush
Ericameriapinifolia (A. Gray)
H.M. Hall pine-bush
Erigeron bonariensis L. * flax-leaved horseweed
Erigeron canadensis L. horseweed
Euryopspectinatus (L.) Cass. * gray-leaf euryops
Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. western goldenrod
treasure flower,
Gazania linearis (Thunb.) Druce * African daisy
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach * garland or crown daisy
Grindelia camporum Greene common gumplant
Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.-Cours. * Crete weed
Helianthus annuus L. common sunflower
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub * bristly ox-tongue
Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. telegraph weed
Hypochaeris glabra L. * smooth cat's ear
Isocoma menziesii (Hook. & Am.) coastal goldenbush
Iva axillaris Pursh poverty weed
fleshy jaumea, marsh
Jaumea camosa (Less.) A. Gray jaumea
Lactuca serriola L. * prickly lettuce
Lactuca virosa L. * bitter lettuce
Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray)
G.L. Nesom Coulter's horseweed
Lasthenia califomica Lindl. California goldfields
crowned or royal
Lasthenia coronaria (Nutt.) Omduff goldfields
Lasthenia glabrata Lindl. ssp.
coulteri (A. Gray) Omduff Coulter's goldfields
Logfia filaginoides (Hook. & Am.)
Morefield California cottonrose
Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt.)
Torrey & A. Gray cliff aster
Matricaria discoidea DC. * pineapple weed
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var.
odorata saltmarsh fleabane
two-color rabbit-
Pseudognaphalium bioletti Anderb. tobacco
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.)
Anderb. ladies' tobacco
Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.)
Anderb. cudweed
Pseudognaphalium microcephalum
(Nutt.) Anderb. Wright's cudweed
Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum
(Nutt.) Anderb. pink cudweed
Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth)
Anderb. cottonbatting plant
Senecio califomicus DC. California ragwort
Senecio vulgaris L. * common groundsel
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. * milk thistle
Solidago velutina DC. ssp.
californica (Nutt.) Semple California goldenrod
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill * prickly sow thistle
Sonchus oleraceus L. * common sow thistle
Stephanomeria diegensis Gottlieb wreathplant
Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. small wirelettuce
Stephanomeria virgata Benth. twiggy wreath plant
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.)
G.L. Nesom annual saltmarsh aster
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. * common dandelion
Tragopogon porrifolius L. * purple salsify
Xanthium spinosum L. spiny cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium L. cocklebur
Betulaceae Birch Family
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. white alder
Boraginaceae Borage Family
Amsinkia intermedia Fisch. & C.A. Mey common fiddleneck
Amsinkia spectabilis Fisch. &
C.A. Mey seaside amsinkia
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene cryptantha
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene var.
florosa I.M. Johnst. coastal cryptantha
Cryptantha intermedia (A. Gray)
Greene common cryptantha
Cryptantha microstachys (A.Gray)
Greene Tejon cryptantha
Heliotropium curassavicum L. var.
oculatum (A. Heller)
Tidestr. seaside heliotrope
Phacelia parryi Torr. Parry's phacelia
Phacelia ramosissima Lehm. branching phacelia
Brassicaceae Mustard Family
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch * black mustard
Brassica rapa L. * field mustard
Cakile maritima Scop. * sea-rocket
Caulanthus lasiophyllus
(Hook. & Am.) Payson California mustard
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
ssp. brachycarpa
(Richardson) Detling tansy mustard
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
ssp. menziesii (D.C.)
Detling Menzies' tansy mustard
suffrutescent
Erysimum suffrutescens (Abrams)
Rossbach wallflower
Hirschfeldia incana (L.)
Lagr.-Fossat * summer mustard
Lepidium didymum L. * lesser swine cress
Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. shaggyfruit pepperweed
Lepidium latipes Hook. dwarf peppergrass
Lepidium latifolium L. * perennial pepperweed
Lepidium nitidum Nutt. peppergrass
Lepidium pinnatifidum Ledeb. * featherleaf pepperweed
Lepidium virginicum L. ssp.
menziesii (DC.) Thell. wild peppergrass
Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. * sweet alyssum
Raphanus sativus L. * radish
Sinapis alba L * white mustard
Sisymbrium altissimum L. * tumble mustard
Sisymbrium irio L. * London rocket
Tropidocarpum gracile Hook. slender keel fruit
Cactaceae Cactus Family
Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.)
Cockerell coast prickly-pear
Caryophyllaceae Pink Family
Polycarpon depressum Nutt. California allseed
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. var.
tetraphyllum * four-leaved all seed
Silene gallica L. * small-flower catchfly
Spergula arvenis L. * stickwort, startwort
Spergularia bocconi (Scheele)
Graebn. * Boccone's sand-spurrey
Spergularia macrotheca (Cham. &
Schltdl.) Heynh. sticky sand-spurrey
Spergularia marina (L.) Besser saltmarsh sand-spurrey
Spergularia villosa (Pers.)
Cambess. * hairy sand-spurrey
Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot Family
Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish)
Standi pickleweed
Atriplex argentea Nutt. var. exparna
(S. Watson) S.L. Welsh
& Reveal silverscale
Atriplex californica Moq. California orach
Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.
Watson big saltbush
Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.
Watson subsp. lentiformis big saltbush
Atriplex leucophylla (Moq.) D. Dietr beach saltbush
Atriplex nummularia Lindl. * bluegreen saltbush
Atriplex patula L. spear orach
A trip lex prostrata DC. * fat-hen
Atriplex rosea L. * tumbling orach
Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. * Australian saltbush
Atriplex suberecta I. Verd. * sprawling saltbush
Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze * five hom bassia
Beta vulgaris L. * common beet
Chenopodium album L. * lamb's quarters
Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. pitseed goosefoot
Chenopodium murale L. * nettle leaf goosefoot
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin
& Clemants * Mexican tea
Dysphania pumilio (R.Br.) Mosyakin &
Clemants * Tasmanian goosefoot
Salicomia pacifica Standi pickleweed
Salsola tragus L. * Russian thistle
Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq homed seablite
Suaeda californica S. Watson California seablite
Suaeda taxifolia (Standi.) Standi. woolly sea-blite
Cleomaceae Spiderflower Family
Peritoma arborea (Nutt.) H.H. litis bladderpod
Morning-Glory
Convolvulaceae Family
Calystegia macrostegia (Greene)
Brummit ssp. cyclostegia
(House) Brummit coast morning glory
Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br. beach morning glory
Convolvulus arvensis L. * orchard morning glory
Cressa truxillensis Kunth alkali weed
Cuscuta californica Hook. & Am. chaparral dodder
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. indecora large-seeded dodder
Cuscuta campestris Yunck field dodder
Cuscuta salina Engelm salt dodder
Dichondra occidentalis House western dichondra
Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family
Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.
Berger pygmy-weed
Dudleya lanceolata (Nutt.) Britton &
Rose lance leaf liveforever
Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &
Nakai var. citroides
(L.H. Bailey) Mansf. * wild watermelon
calabazilla, buffalo
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth. gourd
Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family
Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A.
Gray) Small rattlesnake weed
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small * spotted spurge
Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. small seeded spurge
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small * creeping spurge
Croton californicus Mull. Arg. California croton
Croton setigerus Hook. turkey-mullein
Euphorbia peplus L. * petty spurge
Euphorbia terracina L. * carnation weed
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. * leafy spurge
Ricinus communis L. * castor bean
Fabaceae Legume Family
Acacia bailey ana F. Muell. * Cootamundra wattle
Acacia cyclops G. Don * western coastal wattle
Acacia dealbata Link * silver wattle
Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. * Sydney golden wattle
Acacia neriifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth * black wattle
American bird's foot
Acmispon americanus (Nutt.) Rydb.
var. americanus trefoil
deerweed, California
Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet broom
Acmispon heermannii (Durand & Hilg.)
Brouillet Heermann's lotus
Acmispon strigosus (Nutt.) Brouillet strigos lotus
Albizia distachya J.F. Macbr. * Australian albizia
Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth. * plume acacia
Astragaluspycnostachyus A. Gray var.
lanosissimus (Rydb.) Ventura marsh milk
Munz & McBumey vetch
coastal dunes milk
Astragalus tener A. Gray var. titi
(Eastw.) Bameby vetch
Santa Barbara
Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) A.
Gray milkvetch
Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) A.
Gray var. lonchus (M.E. Santa Barbara
Jones) Bameby milkvetch
Hoffmanseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert pig-nut, hog potato
Lupinus bicolor Lindl. miniature lupine
Lupinus chamissonis Eschsch. beach blue lupine, dune
lupine
Lupinus excubitus M.E. Jones var.
hallii grape soda lupine
Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson)
Abrams longleaf bush lupine
Lupinus succulentus K. Koch arroyo lupine
Lupinus truncatus Nutt. blunt leaved lupine
Medicago polymorpha L. * California burclover
Melilotus albus Medik. * white sweetclover
Melilotus indicus (L.) All. * sourclover
Phaseolus limensis Macfad. * lima bean
Spartium junceum L. * Spanish broom
Frankeniaceae Frankenia Family
Frankenia salina (Molina) I.M.
Johnst. alkali heath
Geraniaceae Geranium Family
Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. * broad leaf filaree
Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton * redstem filaree
Erodium moschatum (L.) Aiton * greenstem filaree
Grossulariaceae Gooseberry Family
Ribes malvaceum Sm. chaparral currant
Hamamelidaceae Witch-Hazel Family
Liquidambar styraciflua L. * sweet-gum
Juglandaceae Walnut Family
southern California
Juglans californica S. Watson black walnut
Juglans regia L. * English walnut
Lamiaceae Mint Family
Lycopus americanus W.P.C. Barton bugleweed
Marrubium vulgare L. * horehound
Mentha x piperita L. * peppermint
Mentha x smithiana R. A. Graham * redstem mint
Salvia apiana Jeps. white sage
Salvia carduacea Benth. thistle sage
Salvia columbariae Benth. chia
Salvia leucophylla Greene purple sage
Stachys ajugoides Benth. hedge-nettle
Stachys albens A. Gray white hedge-nettle
Stachys bergii G.A. Mulligan & D. B.
Munro Berg's hedge-nettle
Lythraceae Loosestrife Family
Lythrum californicum Torr. & A. Gray California loosestrife
Lythrum hyssopifolia L. * hyssop loosestrife
Malvaceae Mallow Family
Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Torr. &
A. Gray) Greene chaparral mallow
Malva nicaeensis All. * bull mallow
Malvaparviflora L. * cheeseweed
Malvapseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. * Cretan mallow
Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. alkali-mallow
Miner's Lettuce
Montiaceae Family
Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. red maids
Myrsinaceae Myrsine Family
Anagallis arvensis L. * scarlet pimpernel
Myrtaceae Myrtle Family
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. * red gum, river red gum
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. * blue gum
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. * forest red gum
Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. * manna gum
Nyctaginaceae Four O' Clock Family
Abronia maritima S. Watson red sand-verbena
Abronia umbellata Lam. beach sand-verbena
Oleaceae Olive Family
Fraxinus latifolia Benth. Oregon ash
Fraxinus velutina Torr. velvet ash
Evening-Primrose
Onagraceae Family
Camissoniopsis bistorta (Torr. & A.
Gray) W.L. Wagner &
Hoch California sun cup
Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia
(Spreng.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch ssp.
suffruticosa beach evening-primrose
Lewis' evening
Camissoniopsis lewisii (P.H. Raven)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch primrose
Camissoniopsis micrantha (Spreng.)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch miniature suncup
Epilobium campestre (Jeps.) Hoch &
W.L. Wagner smooth boisduvalia
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. slender willow herb
Oenothera elata Kunth. evening primrose
Orobanchaeae Broomrape Family
Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I.
Chuang & Heckard ssp.
exserta purple owl's-clover
Chloropyron maritimum (Benth.) A.
Heller ssp. maritimum (h) salt marsh bird's beak
Oxalidaceae Oxalis Family
Oxalis pilosa Nutt. hairy wood sorrel
Oxalis pes-caprae L. * Bermuda buttercup
Papaveraceae Poppy Family
Eschscholzia californica Cham. California poppy
Papaver heterophyllum (Benth.) Greene wind poppy
Plantaginaceae Plantain Family
Antirrhinum coulterianum A. DC. Coulter's snapdragon
Antirrhinum nuttallianum A. DC. ssp.
nuttalianum Nuttall's snapdragon
Plantago erecta E. Morris California plantain
Plantago lanceolata L. * English plantain
Plantago major L. * common plantain
Platanaceae Sycamore Family
Platanus racemosa Nutt. western sycamore
Polygonaceae Buckwheat Family
San Fernando Valley
Chorizanthe parryi Wats, vax.
fernandina (Wats.) Jeps. spineflower
Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. California buckwheat
coastal California
Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var.
fasciculatum buckwheat
Eriogonum gracile Benth. slender buckwheat
Eriogonum parvifolium Sm. seacliff wild buckwheat
Lastarriaea coriacea (Goodman) Hoover leather-spineflower
Mucronea californica Benth. California spineflower
Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.)
Small false waterpepper
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray willow weed
Persicaria maculosa Gray * lady's thumb
Polygonum aviculare L. * knotweed, knotgrass
Rumex conglomeratus Murray * clustered dock
Rumex crispus L. * curly dock
Rumex fueginus Phil. golden dock
Rumex salicifolius Weinm. willow dock
Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. western virgin's bower
Delphinium parryi A. Gray larkspur
Delphinium parryi A. Gray ssp.
maritimum (Davidson) M. J.
Wamock maritime larkspur
Rosaceae Rose Family
Heteromeles arhutifolia (Lindl.)
M. Roem. toyon
Horkelia cuneata Lindl. var.
sericea A. Gray Kellogg's horkelia
Potentilla anserina L. ssp.
pacifica (Howell) Rousi Pacific silverweed
Potentilia multijuga Lehm. Ballona cinquefoil
Pyracantha cf. crenulata (D. Don)
M. Roem. * Himalayan firethom
Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl. California rose
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. California blackberry
Rubiaceae Madder Family
Galium angustifolium A. Gray narrowly leaved
bedstraw
Salicaceae Willow Family
Populus fremontii S. Watson ssp.
fremontii Fremont cottonwood
Salix exigua Nutt. var. exigua narrow-leaved willow
Salix goodingii C.R. Ball Gooding's black willow
Salix laevigata Bebb red willow
Salix lasiolepis Benth. arroyo willow
Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family
Myoporum laetum G. Forst. * myoporum
Scrophularia californica Cham. &
Schltdl. California figwort
Verbascum virgatum Stokes * wand mullein
Solanaceae Nightshade Family
Datura wrightii Regel Jimson weed
Lycium ferocissimum Miers * African boxthom
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. * tomato
Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray Cleveland's tobacco
Nicotiana glauca Graham * tree tobacco
Petunia parviflora Juss. wild petunia
American black
Solanum americanum Miller nightshade
Solanum douglasii Dunal Douglas' nightshade
Solanum nigrum L. * black nightshade
Solanum physalifolium Rusby var.
nitidibaccatum (Bitter)
Edmonds * nightshade
Solanum xanti A. Gray chaparral nightshade
Tamariscaceae Tamarisk Family
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. * saltcedar
Ulmaceae Elm Family
Chinese elm, lacebark
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. * elm
Urticaceae Nettle Family
Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea
(Nutt.) Thome hoary nettle
Urtica urens L. * dwarf nettle
Verbenaceae Vervain Family
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene lance leaf lippia
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. bracted verbena
Verbena lasiostachys Link western verbena
Verbena lasiostachys Link var.
lasiostachys western vervain
Zygophyllaceae Caltrop Family
Tribulus terrestris L. * puncture vine
MONOCOTS
Agavaceae Century Plant Family
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Trel. chaparral yucca
Water-Plantain
Alismataceae Family
Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. &
Schltdl ssp. calycina (Engelm.) arrowhead
Amaryllidaceae Amaryllus Family
Narcissus tazetta L. * paper white
Araceae Arum Family
Lemna minuta Kunth duckweed
Arecaeae Palm Family
Phoenix canariensis Chabaud * Canary Island palm
Phoenix dactylifera L. * date palm
Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. * fan palm
Cyperaceae Sedge Family
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla saltmarsh bulrush
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
ssp. paludosus (A.
Nelson) T. Koyama saltmarsh bulrush
Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Sojak seacoast bulrush
black creeper, freeway
Carex praegracilis W. Boott sedge
Cyperus eragrostis Lam. tall flatsedge
Cyperus esculentus L. yellow nutgrass
Cyperus involucratus Rottb. * umbrella sedge
Eleocharis macrostachya Britton creeping spike rush
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth sand spikerush
Olney's three-square
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.)
Schinz & R. Keller bulrush
Schoenoplectus californicus
(C.A. Mey.) Sojak southern bulrush
Iridaceae Iris Family
Iris pseudacorus L. * horticultural iris
western blue-eyed-
Sisyrinchium bellum S. Watson grass
Juncaceae Rush Family
Juncus acutus L. spiny rush
Juncus balticus Willd. subsp. ater
(Rydb.) Snogerup Baltic rush
Juncus bufonius L. toad rush
Juncus mexicanus Willd. Mexican rush
Juncus textilis Buchenau mat or basket rush
Poaceae Grass Family
Agrostis stolonifera L. * creeping bent
Arundo donax L. * giant reed
Avena barbata Link * slender wild oat
A vena fatua L. * wild oat
Brachypodium distachyon (L.)
P. Beauv. * false brome
Bromus carinatus Hook. & Am. var.
marginatus (Steud.)
Barkworth & Anderton mountain brome
Bromus catharticus Vahl var.
catharticus * rescue grass
Bromus diandrus Roth * ripgut grass
Bromus hordeaceus L. * soft chess
Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens
(L.) Husn. * red brome
Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf * purple pampas grass
Uruguayan pampas
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. &
Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. * grass
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. * Bermuda grass
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. * hairy crab grass
Distichlis littoralis (Engelm.) H.L.
Bell & Columbus shore grass
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene salt grass
Echinochloa cnis-galli (L.) P.
Beauv. * barnyard grass
Ehrharta erecta Lam. * panic veldt grass
Elymus condensatus J. Presl. giant wild-rye
Elymus glaucus Buckley western wild-rye
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn,
ssp. trachycaulus slender wheatgrass
Elymus triticoides Buckley beardless wild rye
Festuca arundinacea Schreb. * tall fescue
Festuca myuros L. * rattail sixweeks grass
Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus &
J.P. Sm. * rye grass
Festuca tementula (L.) Columbus &
J.P. Sm. * Darnel ryegrass
Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.)
Greuter * barb grass
Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski meadow barley
Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum
(Link) Arcang. * hare barley
Hordeum intercedens Nevski bobtail barley
Hordeum vu/gare L. * barley
Koelaria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. June grass
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench * goldentop
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp.
uninervia (J. Presl) N.
Snow Mexican sprangletop
Melica imperfecta Trin. little California melica
Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb. * sickle grass
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. * dallis grass
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.)
Chiov. * crimson fountain grass
Mediterranean canary
Phalaris minor Retz. * grass
Phalaris paradoxa L. * Hood canary grass
Poa annua L. * annual blue grass
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. * annual beard grass
Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. * water beard grass
Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. * Mediterranean grass
Setaria parvijlora (Poir.) Kerguelen knotroot bristle grass
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. * Johnson grass
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter)
Kuntze * Saint Augustine grass
Stipa cernua Stebbins & Love nodding needle grass
Stipa lepida Hitchc. foothill needle grass
Stipa miliacea (L.) Hoover var.
miliacea * smilo grass
Stipa pulchra Hitchc. purple needle grass
Ruppiaceae Ditch-Grass Family
Ruppia maritima L. ditch-grass
Themidaceae Brodiaea Family
Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.)
Alph. Wood blue dicks
Typhaceae Cattail Family
Sparganium erectum L. ssp.
stoloniferum (Grabner) C. Cook
& M.S. Nicholls bur reed
Typha domingensis Pers. southern cattail
Typha latifolia L. broad-leaved cattail
Earliest
FERNS Reference Collection
Equisetaceae
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. ssp.
braunii (J.Milde) Hauke DS, POM 1901
MAGNOLIDS
Lauraceae
Umbellularia californica
(Hook. & Am.) Nutt. FWM R
Saururaceae
Anemopsis californica (Nutt.)
Hook. & Am. POM, RSA.UC 1902
EUDICOTS
Adoxaceae
Henrickson 1991,
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. caerulea
(Raf.) Bolli FWM R
Aizoaceae
Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.)
Schwantes * RSA 1981
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E. Br. * RSA 1980
Delosperma litorale (Kensit) L.
Bolus * RSA 1981
Malephora crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes * RSA 1981
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. * RSA 1980
Sesuvium verrucosum Raf. UC 1902
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.)
Kuntze * RSA 1981
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus albus L. * RSA 1930
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson RSA 1980
Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) S.
Watson Gustafson 1981 R
Amaranthus deflexus L. * RSA 1981
Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.
Sauer var. rudis (J.D.
Sauer) Costea & Tardif * Henrickson 1991 R
Anacardeaceae
Malosma laurina (Nutt.) Abrams POM 1980
Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Rothr. Gustafson 1981 R
Rhus ovata S. Watson RSA 1981
Schinus molle L. * RSA 1980
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi * Henrickson 1991 R
Apiaceae
Apium graveolens L. * RSA 1902
Conium maculatum L. * RSA 1981
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.)
Britton & P. Wilson * RSA 1981
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. * POM,RSA.UC 1902
Oenanthe sarmentosa DC. POM, UC 1902
Apocynaceae
Asclepias fascicular is Decne. RSA 1930
Asteraceae
Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. * POM 1980
Amblyopappus pusillus Hook. & Am. DS 1901
Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. RSA 1980
Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene DS,POM,RSA 1899
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. DS,POM,UC,RSA 1902
Anthemis cotula L. * DS 1901
Artemisia californica Less. DS,RSA,UC 1902
Artemisia douglasiana Besser DS,POM,RSA 1901
Artemisia dracunculus L. DS,RSA,UC 1902
Baccharis glutinosa Pers. DS,POM 1903
Baccharis pilularis DC. POM 1980
Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.)
Pers. POM,UC 1907
Bidens laevis (L.) Britton et al. DS,UC 1902
Brickellia californica (Torr. & A.
Gray) A. Gray Henrickson 1991 R
Centaurea melitensis L. * POM 1980
Centromadia parryi (Greene) Greene
ssp. australis (D.D. JEPS,POM,RSA,U
Keck) B.G. Baldwin C 1890
Chaenactis glabriuscula DC. var.
orcuttiana (Greene) H.M.
Hall POM,RSA 1980
Chondrilla juncea L. * POM 1981
Cichorium intybus L. * POM 1980
Gustafson 1981,
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. * Henrickson 1991 R
Coreothrogyne filaginifolia
(Hook. & Am.) Nutt. DS,POM 1899
Gustafson 1981,
Cotula australis (Spreng.) Hook, f. * Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Cotula coronopifolia L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Deinandra fasciculata (DC.) Greene POM 1980
Deinandra paniculata (A. Gray)
Davidson & Moxley Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Dimorphothecafruticosa (L.) DC. * Henrickson 1991 R
Encelia californica Nutt. DS 1899
Ericameria ericoides (Less.) Jeps. POM 1981
Ericameriapinifolia (A. Gray)
H.M. Hall Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Erigeron bonariensis L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Erigeron canadensis L. POM 1980
Euryopspectinatus (L.) Cass. * Henrickson 1991 R
Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. RSA,UC 1902
Gazania linearis (Thunb.) Druce * Henrickson 1991 R
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach * UCR 1996
Grindelia camporum Greene POM 1980
Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.-Cours. * POM 1981
Helianthus annuus L. POM 1980
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub * RSA 1980
Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. POM 1980
Hypochaeris glabra L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Isocoma menziesii (Hook. & Am.) FWM R
Iva axillaris Pursh FWM R
Jaumea camosa (Less.) A. Gray POM.UC 1899
Lactuca serriola L. * POM 1902
Lactuca virosa L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Laennecia coulteri (A. Gray)
G.L. Nesom POM 1980
Lasthenia califomica Lindl. POM.RSA 1901
Lasthenia coronaria (Nutt.) Omduff JEPS.POM 1901
Lasthenia glabrata Lindl. ssp.
coulteri (A. Gray) Omduff POM 1903
Logfia filaginoides (Hook. & Am.)
Morefield POM 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt.)
Torrey & A. Gray Henrickson 1991 R
Matricaria discoidea DC. * POM 1981
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. var.
odorata UC 1902
Pseudognaphalium bioletti Anderb. POM 1901
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.)
Anderb. POM.UCR 1981
Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.)
Anderb. POM 1981
Pseudognaphalium microcephalum
(Nutt.) Anderb. POM.UC 1902
Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum
(Nutt.) Anderb. POM 1981
Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth)
Anderb. POM 1981
Senecio califomicus DC. POM 1901
Senecio vulgaris L. * RSA 1930
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. * RSA 1981
Solidago velutina DC. ssp.
californica (Nutt.) Semple Henrickson 1991 R
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill * RSA 1981
Sonchus oleraceus L. * RSA 1981
Stephanomeria diegensis Gottlieb RSA 1980
Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. Gustafson 1981 R
Stephanomeria virgata Benth. RSA 1981
Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.)
G.L. Nesom POM.UC 1901
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. * Henrickson 1991 R
Tragopogon porrifolius L. * UC 1897
Xanthium spinosum L. RSA 1981
Xanthium strumarium L. UC 1902
Betulaceae
Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. FWM R
Boraginaceae
Amsinkia intermedia Fisch. & C.A. Mey POM 1901
Amsinkia spectabilis Fisch. &
C.A. Mey RSA 1951
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene UCR 2011
Cryptantha clevelandii Greene var.
florosa I.M. Johnst. POM 1901
Cryptantha intermedia (A. Gray)
Greene POM 1901
Cryptantha microstachys (A.Gray)
Greene POM 1901
Heliotropium curassavicum L. var.
oculatum (A. Heller)
Tidestr. POM 1930
Phacelia parryi Torr. Henrickson 1991 R
Phacelia ramosissima Lehm. POM.RSA 1901
Brassicaceae
Gustafson 1981,
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch * Henrickson 1991 R
Brassica rapa L. * RSA 1930
Gustafson 1981,
Cakile maritima Scop. * Henrickson 1991 R
Caulanthus lasiophyllus
(Hook. & Am.) Payson DS 1899
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
ssp. brachycarpa
(Richardson) Detling DS 1901
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton
ssp. menziesii (D.C.)
Detling POM 1901
Erysimum suffrutescens (Abrams)
Rossbach DS,POM,RSA 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Hirschfeldia incana (L.)
Lagr.-Fossat * Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Lepidium didymum L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. DS,POM 1901
Lepidium latipes Hook. DS 1904
Lepidium latifolium L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Lepidium nitidum Nutt. RSA 1954
Lepidium pinnatifidum Ledeb. * RSA 1981
Lepidium virginicum L. ssp.
menziesii (DC.) Thell. RSA 1930
Gustafson 1981,
Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. * Henrickson 1991 R
Raphanus sativus L. * UCR 1996
Gustafson 1981,
Sinapis alba L * Henrickson 1991 R
Sisymbrium altissimum L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Sisymbrium irio L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Tropidocarpum gracile Hook. UC 1897
Cactaceae
Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.)
Cockerell Henrickson 1991 R
Caryophyllaceae
Polycarpon depressum Nutt. POM 1901
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. var.
tetraphyllum * RSA,UCR 1981
Silene gallica L. * RSA,UCR 1980
Spergula arvenis L. * RSA 1981
Spergularia bocconi (Scheele)
Graebn. * Henrickson 1991 R
Spergularia macrotheca (Cham. &
Schltdl.) Heynh. POM,RSA 1901
Spergularia marina (L.) Besser CDA,POM 1901
Spergularia villosa (Pers.)
Cambess. * Henrickson 1991 R
Chenopodiaceae
Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish)
Standi POM,RSA,UC 1902
Atriplex argentea Nutt. var. exparna
(S. Watson) S.L. Welsh
& Reveal UC 1902
Atriplex californica Moq. RSA 1981
Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.
Watson RSA 1981
Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.
Watson subsp. lentiformis UC 1902
Atriplex leucophylla (Moq.) D. Dietr RSA,UC 1899
Atriplex nummularia Lindl. * Henrickson 1991 R
Atriplex patula L. RSA 1980
A trip lex prostrata DC. * RSA 1980
Atriplex rosea L. * RSA,UC 1902
Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. * RSA,UC 1902
Atriplex suberecta I. Verd. * RSA 1981
Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze * RSA 1980
CDA,POM,RSA,U
Beta vulgaris L. * C 1902
Chenopodium album L. * RSA 1981
Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. RSA 1980
Chenopodium murale L. * CDA,RSA 1930
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin
& Clemants * RSA,UC 1902
Dysphania pumilio (R.Br.) Mosyakin &
Clemants * Henrickson 1991 R
Salicomia pacifica Standi RSA,UC 1902
Salsola tragus L. * RSA 1980
Gustafson 1981,
Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq Henrickson 1991 R
Suaeda californica S. Watson Gustafson 1981 R
Suaeda taxifolia (Standi.) Standi. POM,RSA 1901
Cleomaceae
Peritoma arborea (Nutt.) H.H. litis DS,POM 1899
Convolvulaceae
Calystegia macrostegia (Greene)
Brummit ssp. cyclostegia
(House) Brummit RSA 1981
Calystegia soldanella (L.) R.Br. SFV 1994
Convolvulus arvensis L. * RSA 1930
Cressa truxillensis Kunth POM,RSA,UCR 1901
Cuscuta californica Hook. & Am. RSA 1981
Cuscuta indecora Choisy var. indecora Henrickson 1991 R
Cuscuta campestris Yunck RSA 1981
Cuscuta salina Engelm RSA,UC 1902
Dichondra occidentalis House Henrickson 1991 R
Crassulaceae
Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.
Berger POM,RSA 1901
Dudleya lanceolata (Nutt.) Britton &
Rose POM 1901
Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &
Nakai var. citroides
(L.H. Bailey) Mansf. * RSA 1981
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth. RSA 1980
Euphorbiaceae
Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A.
Gray) Small RSA 1981
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small * RSA 1981
Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. RSA 1981
Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small * RSA 1980
Croton californicus Mull. Arg. POM,RSA 1899
Croton setigerus Hook. RSA 1930
Euphorbia peplus L. * RSA 1981
Euphorbia terracina L. * RSA,UCR 1996
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. * Henrickson 1991 R
Ricinus communis L. * RSA,UCR 1981
Fabaceae
Acacia bailey ana F. Muell. * RSA 1981
Acacia cyclops G. Don * RSA,UCR 1996
Gustafson 1981,
Acacia dealbata Link * Henrickson 1991 R
Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. * Henrickson 1991 R
Acacia neriifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth * Henrickson 1991 R
Acmispon americanus (Nutt.) Rydb.
var. americanus RSA 1980
Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet RSA 1980
Acmispon heermannii (Durand & Hilg.)
Brouillet UC 1902
Acmispon strigosus (Nutt.) Brouillet RSA 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Albizia distachya J.F. Macbr. * Henrickson 1991 R
Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth. * CDA,RSA 1981
Astragaluspycnostachyus A. Gray var.
lanosissimus (Rydb.)
Munz & McBumey NY,POM,RSA,UC 1882
Astragalus tener A. Gray var. titi
(Eastw.) Bameby DS 1891
Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) A.
Gray Henrickson 1991 R
Astragalus trichopodus (Nutt.) A.
Gray var. lonchus (M.E.
Jones) Bameby DS 1901
Hoffmanseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert Henrickson 1991 R
Lupinus bicolor Lindl. POM 1981
Lupinus chamissonis Eschsch. POM,RSA 1917
Lupinus excubitus M.E. Jones var.
hallii RSA,UCR 1980
Lupinus longifolius (S. Watson)
Abrams POM 1901
Lupinus succulentus K. Koch RSA 1981
Lupinus truncatus Nutt. POM,RSA 1899
Medicago polymorpha L. * POM 1981
Melilotus albus Medik. * POM 1980
Melilotus indicus (L.) All. * POM,UCD,UCR 1978
Phaseolus limensis Macfad. * POM 1981
Spartium junceum L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Frankeniaceae
Frankenia salina (Molina) I.M.
Johnst. POM,RSA 1917
Geraniaceae
Erodium botrys (Cav.) Bertol. * RSA,UCR 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton * Henrickson 1991 R
Erodium moschatum (L.) Aiton * UCR 1996
Grossulariaceae
Ribes malvaceum Sm. RSA 1981
Hamamelidaceae
Liquidambar styraciflua L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Juglandaceae
Juglans californica S. Watson FWM R
Juglans regia L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Lamiaceae
Lycopus americanus W.P.C. Barton uc 1902
Marrubium vulgare L. * RSA 1981
Mentha x piperita L. * UC 1902
Mentha x smithiana R. A. Graham * POM 1902
Salvia apiana Jeps. FWM R
Salvia carduacea Benth. POM.UCR 1901
Salvia columbariae Benth. POM.UCR 1901
Salvia leucophylla Greene FWM R
Stachys ajugoides Benth. POM.UC 1917
Stachys albens A. Gray POM,RSA,UC 1902
Stachys bergii G.A. Mulligan & D. B.
Munro UC 1932
Lythraceae
Lythrum californicum Torr. & A. Gray POM,RSA,UC 1902
Lythrum hyssopifolia L. * RSA.UCR 1980
Malvaceae
Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Torr. &
A. Gray) Greene RSA 1981
Malva nicaeensis All. * POM 1902
Malvaparviflora L. * RSA,UC 1932
Malvapseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. * RSA.UCR 1981
Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov. POM,RSA.UCR 1917
Montiaceae
Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. UC 1897
Myrsinaceae
Anagallis arvensis L. * RSA 1980
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. * RSA 1981
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. * Henrickson 1991 R
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. * Gustafson 1981 R
Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. * RSA 1981
Nyctaginaceae
Abronia maritima S. Watson POM 1901
Abronia umbellata Lam. POM,RSA 1901
Oleaceae
Fraxinus latifolia Benth. UC 1932
Fraxinus velutina Torr. RSA 1981
Onagraceae
Camissoniopsis bistorta (Torr. & A.
Gray) W.L. Wagner &
Hoch POM.RSA.UC 1897
Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia
(Spreng.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch ssp.
suffruticosa POM.RSA.UCD 1901
Camissoniopsis lewisii (P.H. Raven)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch POM 1899
Camissoniopsis micrantha (Spreng.)
W.L. Wagner & Hoch RSA 1981
Epilobium campestre (Jeps.) Hoch &
W.L. Wagner POM 1901
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. RSA 1930
Oenothera elata Kunth. RSA 1981
Orobanchaeae
Castilleja exserta (A. Heller) T.I.
Chuang & Heckard ssp.
exserta POM,RSA 1901
Chloropyron maritimum (Benth.) A.
Heller ssp. maritimum (h) DS,POM 1901
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis pilosa Nutt. Henrickson 1991 R
Gustafson 1981,
Oxalis pes-caprae L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Papaveraceae
Eschscholzia californica Cham. Henrickson 1991 R
Papaver heterophyllum (Benth.) Greene RSA 1899
Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum coulterianum A. DC. POM 1911
Antirrhinum nuttallianum A. DC. ssp.
nuttalianum UC 1902
Plantago erecta E. Morris POM 1899
Plantago lanceolata L. * POM,RSA 1902
Plantago major L. * RSA 1980
Platanaceae
Platanus racemosa Nutt. FWM R
Polygonaceae
Chorizanthe parryi Wats, vax.
fernandina (Wats.) Jeps. DS 1901
Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. RSA 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var.
fasciculatum Henrickson 1991 R
Eriogonum gracile Benth. POM,RSA 1901
Eriogonum parvifolium Sm. RSA,UC 1902
Lastarriaea coriacea (Goodman) Hoover POM 1901
Mucronea californica Benth. DS,POM 1899
Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.)
Small POM,UC 1901
Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray RSA 1930
Persicaria maculosa Gray * RSA 1980
Polygonum aviculare L. * CDA,RSA 1930
Rumex conglomeratus Murray * RSA 1930
Rumex crispus L. * RSA 1930
Rumex fueginus Phil. POM,RSA 1902
Rumex salicifolius Weinm. RSA 1981
Ranunculaceae
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. RSA 1981
Delphinium parryi A. Gray DS 1901
Delphinium parryi A. Gray ssp.
maritimum (Davidson) M. J.
Wamock DS 1901
Rosaceae
Heteromeles arhutifolia (Lindl.)
M. Roem. Henrickson 1991 R
Horkelia cuneata Lindl. var.
sericea A. Gray Abrams 1902 R
Potentilla anserina L. ssp.
pacifica (Howell) Rousi POM,UC,UCR 1900
Potentilia multijuga Lehm. POM 1890
Pyracantha cf. crenulata (D. Don)
M. Roem. * Henrickson 1991 R
Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl. Henrickson 1991 R
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. FWM R
Rubiaceae
Galium angustifolium A. Gray POM 1980
Salicaceae
Populus fremontii S. Watson ssp.
fremontii POM 1981
Salix exigua Nutt. var. exigua FWM R
Salix goodingii C.R. Ball FWM R
Salix laevigata Bebb DS.POM 1901
Salix lasiolepis Benth. DS,POM,UC 1932
Scrophulariaceae
Myoporum laetum G. Forst. * RSA 1981
Scrophularia californica Cham. &
Schltdl. RSA 1930
Verbascum virgatum Stokes * RSA 1981
Solanaceae
Datura wrightii Regel RSA 1980
Lycium ferocissimum Miers * CDA.RSA 1978
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. * RSA 1981
Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray POM,RSA 1901
Nicotiana glauca Graham * RSA 1980
Petunia parviflora Juss. RSA 1981
Solanum americanum Miller RSA 1981
Solanum douglasii Dunal POM,RSA,UCR 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Solanum nigrum L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Solanum physalifolium Rusby var.
nitidibaccatum (Bitter)
Edmonds * RSA 1981
Solanum xanti A. Gray Henrickson 1991 R
Tamariscaceae
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. * Henrickson 1991 R
Ulmaceae
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. * Henrickson 1991 R
Urticaceae
Urtica dioica L. ssp. holosericea
(Nutt.) Thome POM,RSA 1902
Urtica urens L. * RSA 1981
Verbenaceae
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene POM.UC 1902
Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. POM 1902
Verbena lasiostachys Link RSA 1981
Verbena lasiostachys Link var.
lasiostachys RSA 1930
Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L. * RSA 1980
MONOCOTS
Agavaceae
Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Trel. FWM R
Alismataceae
Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. &
Schltdl ssp. calycina (Engelm.) RSA 1981
Amaryllidaceae
Narcissus tazetta L. * RSA 1981
Araceae
Lemna minuta Kunth RSA 1930
Arecaeae
Phoenix canariensis Chabaud * RSA 1981
Phoenix dactylifera L. * MEC 2005 R
Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. * Henrickson 1991 R
Cyperaceae
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla DS,RSA 1904
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla
ssp. paludosus (A.
Nelson) T. Koyama RSA,UCR 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Sojak Henrickson 1991 R
Carex praegracilis W. Boott CAS, DS, POM 1889
Cyperus eragrostis Lam. RSA,SD,UCR 1980
Cyperus esculentus L. RSA 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Cyperus involucratus Rottb. * Henrickson 1991 R
Eleocharis macrostachya Britton RSA 1930
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth DS,RSA 1904
Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.)
Schinz & R. Keller DS,RSA 1900
Schoenoplectus californicus
(C.A. Mey.) Sojak DS,RSA 1901
Iridaceae
Iris pseudacorus L. * RSA 1981
Sisyrinchium bellum S. Watson FWM R
Juncaceae
Juncus acutus L. DS 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Juncus balticus Willd. subsp. ater
(Rydb.) Snogerup Henrickson 1991 R
Juncus bufonius L. RSA 1981
Juncus mexicanus Willd. RSA 1981
Juncus textilis Buchenau RSA 1930
Poaceae
Gustafson 1981,
Agrostis stolonifera L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Arundo donax L. * RSA 1981
Avena barbata Link * Henrickson 1991 R
A vena fatua L. * RSA 1981
Brachypodium distachyon (L.)
P. Beauv. * Henrickson 1991 R
Bromus carinatus Hook. & Am. var.
marginatus (Steud.)
Barkworth & Anderton Gustafson 1981 R
Bromus catharticus Vahl var.
catharticus * POM 1981
Bromus diandrus Roth * POM 1930
Bromus hordeaceus L. * POM 1981
Bromus madritensis L. ssp. rubens
(L.) Husn. * POM 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf * Henrickson 1991 R
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. &
Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. * RSA 1980
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. * RSA 1930
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. * POM 1981
Distichlis littoralis (Engelm.) H.L.
Bell & Columbus Henrickson 1991 R
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene UC 1902
Echinochloa cnis-galli (L.) P.
Beauv. * POM 1981
Ehrharta erecta Lam. * POM.UCR 1981
Elymus condensatus J. Presl. Henrickson 1991 R
Elymus glaucus Buckley POM 1901
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn,
ssp. trachycaulus Abrams 1902 R
Elymus triticoides Buckley POM 1901
Festuca arundinacea Schreb. * Henrickson 1991 R
Festuca myuros L. * POM 1913
Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus &
J.P. Sm. * POM,RSA,UCR 1902
Festuca tementula (L.) Columbus &
J.P. Sm. * POM 1901
Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.)
Greuter * POM,UCD 1901
Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski POM 1930
Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum
(Link) Arcang. * POM 1981
Hordeum intercedens Nevski POM 1901
Gustafson 1981,
Hordeum vu/gare L. * Henrickson 1991 R
Koelaria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. POM 1901
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench * Henrickson 1991 R
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp.
uninervia (J. Presl) N.
Snow POM 1981
Melica imperfecta Trin. POM 1901
Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb. * POM 1981
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. * POM 1980
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.)
Chiov. * Henrickson 1991 R
Phalaris minor Retz. * uc 1932
Phalaris paradoxa L. * POM 1981
Poa annua L. * RSA 1981
Gustafson 1981,
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. * Henrickson 1991 R
Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. * RSA 1930
Gustafson 1981,
Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. * Henrickson 1991 R
Setaria parvijlora (Poir.) Kerguelen RSA 1981
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. * UC 1902
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter)
Kuntze * RSA 1981
Stipa cernua Stebbins & Love Henrickson 1991 R
Stipa lepida Hitchc. FWM R
Stipa miliacea (L.) Hoover var.
miliacea * POM 1981
Stipa pulchra Hitchc. FWM R
Ruppiaceae
Ruppia maritima L. RSA 1980
Themidaceae
Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.)
Alph. Wood Henrickson 1991 R
Typhaceae
Sparganium erectum L. ssp.
stoloniferum (Grabner) C. Cook
& M.S. Nicholls RSA,UC 1902
Typha domingensis Pers. RSA 1981
Typha latifolia L. RSA 1980
Asterisk (*) indicates taxon not native to California. Grey
background indicates a native taxon known only from
historical (pre-1940) collections or reports. References:
For herbarium specimens, the following acronyms from the
Consortium of California Herbaria are used: CAS (California
Academy of Sciences); CDA (California Department of Food and
Agriculture); DS (Dudley Herbarium in CAS); JEPS (Jepson
Herbarium, UC Berkeley); NY (New York Botanical Garden); POM
(Pomona Herbarium in the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden);
RSA (Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden); SFV (California State
University Northridge); UC (University Herbarium, UC
Berkeley); UCD (UC Davis); UCR (UC Riverside). Where an
author and year are cited, the taxon was reported but no
voucher specimens could be located. "FWM" refers to a taxon
that was observed by this author as having been planted at
the constructed Ballona Freshwater Marsh but no records or
reports of historical occurrence at Ballona were found.
Earliest Collection: year of oldest voucher specimen is
given. "R" means reported with no record of collection.
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| |
| Author: | Read, E.A. |
|---|---|
| Publication: | Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences) |
| Geographic Code: | 1U9CA |
| Date: | Dec 1, 2015 |
| Words: | 7734 |
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