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Women and ICT: challenges and opportunities on the road to Tunis/"Femmes et TIC": defis et opportunites sur la route de Tunis.


This is a summary report of a workshop held from 20th-22nd October 2004 at Ngurdoto Mountain Lodge Mountain Lodge was once the alternate summer residence of the Governor of Hong Kong since 1900. It was located on Victoria Peak on the Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. The commanding view gave the then-Governor a view of the entire colony. , Arusha--Tanzania.

Introduction

The idea of the workshop was to chart an Eastern Africa route to Tunis and thereafter for the Information Society, through regional consultations and meetings where the issues hindering women' s access, use, adoption, adaptation and development of ICTs in the region could be discussed, and examples of good practices would be shared and/or showcased.

The 3-day conference welcomed 50 delegates mainly from Eastern Africa and a few from southern, western and northern Africa. The team came together to share experiences and exchange ideas on the critical question of women and ICTs in Africa.

Presentations by gender and ICT (1) (Information and Communications Technology) An umbrella term for the information technology field. See IT.

(2) (International Computers and Tabulators) See ICL.

1. (testing) ICT - In Circuit Test.
 experts

Seven presentations were made on the opening day of the conference. Mr. Harry Hare, from the private sector (AITEC AITEC Japanese Research Institute for Advanced Information Technology  Tanzania), who was the local focal point focal point
n.
See focus.
 of the organising committee, spelt spelt

Subspecies (Triticum aestivum spelta) of wheat that has lax spikes and spikelets containing two light-red kernels. Triticum dicoccon was cultivated by the ancient Babylonians and the ancient Swiss lake dwellers; it is now grown for livestock forage and used in baked
 the conference objectives as: networking, knowledge sharing, exchange of ideas and identification of opportunities. Showcasing of best practices on use of ICTs for social economic transformation, particularly for women, was also expected to take place.

In her welcome remarks, Ruth Ochieng, Coordinator of WSIS WSIS World Summit on the Information Society
WSIS Who Should I Start? (fantasy football)
WSIS Waste Stream Information Sheet
WSIS White Smoke Identification System (US Navy) 
 Gender Caucus East Africa region, underscored the importance of identifying the missing finks between development, ICTs and gender. She appreciated the important role played by women in economic development all over Africa, and observed that women still do not enjoy the right to communicate as much as men do especially in rural areas. She called for the situation to be remedied by making concrete and genuine plans in the development of the information society. She invited the delegates to be critical in the interrogation interrogation

In criminal law, process of formally and systematically questioning a suspect in order to elicit incriminating responses. The process is largely outside the governance of law, though in the U.S.
 of how ICTs will help Africa position itself, and its concerns in developing an African Information Society for the benefit of the African people The term African people can be used in two ways. First, it may refer to all people who live in Africa, see also demographics of Africa. Second, it is commonly used to describe people who trace their recent ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa, in particular Sub-Saharan . It was critical she said to bring women's recommendations for ICTs development to the global agenda of the Information society.

Looking back and looking ahead:

Eva Rathgeber, Professor and expert on Gender and ICTs who has carried out extensive work on the continent, presented a brief history of the WSIS Gender Caucus and how it has managed working alongside other organizations with similar goals, to place gender issues within WSIS process and documents.

Gender, ICTs, and Information Society:

Sophia Huyer gave a global sweep of issues of women, technology and social development. She gave a perspective on how women have been viewed in relation to ICTs and the challenges they have had to reduce the gap in access and use of ICTs. She underlined that in most cases where women access ICTs, it is usually upper class women who do so, making the emphasis on equality imperative.

Millennium Development Goals “MDG” redirects here. For other uses, see MDG (disambiguation).

The Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that 192 United Nations member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015.
, ICTs and Women:

Hendrica Okondo of UNIFEM-Somalia gave a brief of the MDGs and their relation to ICTs, suggesting that while governments recognize the role of ICTs, this recognition was not adequately represented in government agendas.

She cited the example of the Great Lakes Great Lakes, group of five freshwater lakes, central North America, creating a natural border between the United States and Canada and forming the largest body of freshwater in the world, with a combined surface area of c.95,000 sq mi (246,050 sq km).  meeting in Kigali where some delegates did not appreciate the need to include ICTs in the final document.

Tanzanian Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Hon. Dr Maua Daflari, who opened the conference, shared the progress currently being made by the Tanzanian government in ICT policy making. She pointed out that the ICT policy published in March 2003 demonstrated government's commitment to ICTs. She urged delegates to come up with creative ideas of interventions and recommendations, which will help women use ICTs for their benefit and that of the community.

Prof. Eva Rathgeber, in her keynote address keynote address
n.
An opening address, as at a political convention, that outlines the issues to be considered. Also called keynote speech.

Noun 1.
 entitled "Hype or Reality? Can ICTs Leapfrog Basic Education in developing countries," suggested that Africa needs to do more than signing international agreements to achieve universal education. Noting that the right to education was a fundamental right, she also recognized education as an effective means for societal participation that would make the world information society a reality. While appreciating that Africa has other more pressing problems such as HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , and conflicts, Prof. Rathgeber argued for the training of teachers and principals in ICTs as well as budgetary allocation as key to achieving the education goal. Telecentres were cited as examples of opportunities for expanding adult education.

Dorothy Okello Dr. Dorothy Okello is a Ugandan technologist and engineer, known for her work in the Women of Uganda Network or WOUGNET

Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) coordinator Dr. Dorothy Okello has a B.Sc. in Engineering (Electrical) from Makerere University, Uganda, an M.Sc.
 of WOUGNET dissected the word ICTs in her discussion of "Applications, Access and Technology: Why women and ICTs". She gave participants a chance to appreciate the various dimensions of ICTs and how they relate to everyday life. It was pointed out that women needed to have a say in what applications are developed and promoted, and the only way is to get more women into the labs and factories as well as giving women a chance to access learning and training.

In a presentation on "ICT Policy and Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for Women", Dr Florence Etta of IDRC-Nairobi observed that if ICTs and women or gender are not mentioned in government policies, then no government funding/budgetary allocation will be made for them. Interrogating two national policies of Kenya and Tanzania, she noted that women were almost invisible in the documents and when mentioned, they were associated with the youth, disabled and disadvantaged groups, making it difficult to address the needs of the said vulnerable groups differently. She called for critical analysis of ICT policy documents.

Seven presentations were made on the second day of the conference with significant contributions to knowledge and information (indigenous information) as the subject matter. In her presentation, "Digital Exclusion or Digital Opportunity?" Sophia Huyer identified ICT opportunities for women in the provision of health information especially in rural areas.

In a counter argument, Joseph Kiplang'at's presentation on "Bringing Agricultural Information to Rural Women via ICTs in South Africa South Africa, Afrikaans Suid-Afrika, officially Republic of South Africa, republic (2005 est. pop. 44,344,000), 471,442 sq mi (1,221,037 sq km), S Africa. " showed that despite the institution of rural development strategies and Telecentres by the South African government, the majority of women involved in agriculture were still excluded. He recommended the involvement of rural women in policy formulation.

Asking if "Women should Participate, Wait, Negotiate or fight in the ICT Policy Process", Patricia Litho from Uganda, suggested that women must be involved in technological innovation and design, appropriate training mechanisms and policy making, noting that individual commitment is a vital ingredient for this engagement.

A challenge in this engagement was recognized as ICT disempowerment of women including those in higher education higher education

Study beyond the level of secondary education. Institutions of higher education include not only colleges and universities but also professional schools in such fields as law, theology, medicine, business, music, and art.
. In a case study of the Lagos State University Lagos State University (LASU) was established in 1983 by the enabling Law of Lagos State of Nigeria, for the advancement of learning and establishment of academic excellence.  (LASU LASU Lagos State University ), Nigeria by Bosede Ammo, the widely held view that "urban" or "educated" women had more access to ICTs than their rural counterparts was dispelled. She showed that academic women lacked ICT competencies due to lack of specialised training in the area.

Another study of the same institution by Dr Nwabuno Nwaboku showed that even among students, computers were under-utilised and that ICTs were not commonly used in university teaching.

E- learning was also identified as a major opportunity to address the growing need for higher education and training in Africa. Vitalis Angati of Jifunzeonline, Tanzania and Charles Senkondo of Tanzania Development Learning Centre cited low cost, responsiveness and flexibility as the valuable elements, all of which are important to women.

New ICT devices and application were discussed by a number of participants. Sally Ibeere of Ski-Pix Kenya, introduced the idea of using Touch Screen Kiosks in rural information access, while Eva Rathgeber showed a CD-ROM CD-ROM: see compact disc.
CD-ROM
 in full compact disc read-only memory

Type of computer storage medium that is read optically (e.g., by a laser).
 developed in English and Luganda that is currently being used in rural as well as urban Uganda for literacy as well as ICT training. Faustin Kamuzora of State University of Agriculture, Tanzania showed new ways by which women can benefit from the long and early use of ICTs in tourism.

Ruth Ochieng showed examples of the impact of convergence of ICTs in successfully giving a voice to women and communicating their issues of concerns in conflict situations. She emphasized the need to provide women with ICT skills for their empowerment.

In the plenary discussions on the first and second days, participants elaborated on the presentations, identified opportunities for ameliorative action, as well as some examples of good practices, projects and challenges that they still face in introducing ICTs to women.

Participants drew up recommendations for actions and follow up that were presented to Honourable H. Ngowi, at the closing of the conference.

Juliet Were Oguttu is a Programme Officer with ISIS-Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange (ISIS-WICCE)

"FEMMES ET TIC":

DEFIS DEFIS Développement Environnement Formation Insertion Sociale  ET OPPORTUNITES SUR LA ROUTE Sur La Route is an XM Satellite Radio channel featuring hit music, new and old. It was born in November 2005 as part of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's (CRTC) regulations for Canadian content on the XM platform, as well as 50% French language  DE TUNIS

Le present texte est un resume d'un atelier tenu du 20 au 22 octobre 2004 au Ngurdoto Mountain Lodge, Arusha -Tanzanie.

Introduction

L'idee qui sous-tendait l'atelier etait de se concerter en vue d'etablir une feuille de route est africaine vers vers
abbr.
versed sine
 Tunis, et partant, pour la Societe de l'information par des consultations et reunions regionales au cours desquelles les obstacles a l'acces, a l'utilisation, a l'adoption, a l'adapration et au developpement des Tic par les femmes dans la region seraient partages et discutes, et qui permettraient d'examiner et/ou de presenter des exemples de bonnes pratiques.

La conference de trois jours a reuni 50 delegues venant surtout Sur`tout´

n. 1. A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat.

Noun 1.
 de l'Afrique de l'est et quelques-uns uns de l'Afrique australe, de l'ouest et du nord. L'equipe s'est retrouvee pour partager des experiences et echanger des idees sur Sur, Lebanon: see Tyre.  la question cruciale des femmes et TIC en Afrique.

Exposes des specialistes en matiere de genre et des TIC

Sept presentations ont ete faites le jour de l'ouverture de la conference. M. Harry Hare, du secteur prive (AITEC Tanzanie), qui etait le point focal local du comite d'organisation, a presente les objectifs de la conference comme etant les suivants: mise en reseau ré·seau or re·seau  
n. pl. réseaus or réseaux
1. A net or mesh foundation for lace.

2. Astronomy
, echange de connaissances, et partages d'idees et identification d'opportunites. La presentation des experiences des meilleures pratiques sur l'utilisation des TICs pour les transformations socio-economiques, en particulier chez chez  
prep.
At the home of; at or by.



[French, from Old French, from Latin casa, cottage, hut.]

chez
prep

at the home of [French]
 les femmes, etait aussi prevue.

Dans son allocution The formal inquiry by a judge of an accused person, convicted of a crime, as to whether the person has any legal cause to show why judgment should not be pronounced against him or her or as to whether the person has anything to say to the court before being sentenced.  d'ouverture, Ruth Ochieng, Coordinalrice du Caucus de genre pour la region d'Afrique de l'est, a souligne l'importance de l'identification des liens manquants entre le developpement, les TIC et le genre. Elle a salue le role important que les femmes jouent dans le developpement economique partout en Afrique, et a observe que les femmes ne jouissent toujours pas du droit [French, Justice, right, law.] A term denoting the abstract concept of law or a right.

Droit is as variable a phrase as the English right or the Latin jus. It signifies the entire body of law or a right in terms of a duty or obligation.
 aux communications au meme titre titre

titer.
 que les hommes, surtout dans les regions rurales. Elle a instamment demande que l'on remedie a cette situation en elaborant des plans concrets et authentiques dans l'avenement de la societe de l'information. Elle a invite les delegues a etre critiques en s'interrogeant sur la maniere dont les TIC permettront a l'Afrique de se positionner et les problemes lies a l'avenement d'une societe de l'information pour le plus grand interet des populations africaines. Elle a indique qu'il etait crucial de porter les recommandations des femmes en matiere de l'elaboration des TIC a l'agenda mondial Mondial can refer to:
  • Mondial (amusement ride manufacturer), a Dutch manufacturer of amusement rides.
  • Mondial (motorcyle manufacturer), an Italian motorcycle manufacturer.
 de la societe de l'information.

Regard en arriere et vers l'avenir:

Eva Rathgeber, Professeur et expert en matiere de genre et des TIC qui a considerablement travaille sur le continent, a presente un bref historique du Caucus de genre et retrace la maniere dont il a reussi a travailler en collaboration avec d'autres organisations ayant les objectifs similaires, pour integrer les questions de genre dans le processus et les documents du SMSI SMSI sommet mondial de la société de l'information
SMSI Strong Metal-Support Interaction
SMSI Simplified Message Service Interface
.

Genre, TIC et societe de l'information:

Sophia Huyer a fait le tour des questions liees aux femmes, a la technologie et au developpement social. Elle a donne une ebauche de la maniere dont les femmes ont ete percues dans la perspective de leur participation aux TIC, et des difficultes qu'elles ont eues a reduire l'inegalite en termes d'acces et d'utilisation des TIC. Elle a souligne que dans plusieurs cas ou les femmes ont acces aux TICs, il s'agit generalement de femmes de la classe privilegiee, d'ou l'imperatif d'assurer l'egalite d'acces.

Objectifs de Developpement du Millenaire, les TIC, et les Femmes:

Hendrica Okondo de l'UNIFEM-Somalie a brievement expose sur les ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) A contract manufacturer that uses its own designs and intellectual property (IP). See contract manufacturer.  et leur lien avec les TIC et souligne que bien que le gouvernement reconnaisse le role des TIC, cette reconnaissance n'etait pas prise en compte dument dans les programmes gouvernementaux. Elle a cite l'exemple de la reunion des Grands Lacs a Kigali au cours de laquelle certains participants n'avaient pas apprecie l'idee d'inclure les TIC dans le document final.

Le Vice-Ministre des Transports et des Communications en Tanzanie, Mme le Depute de·pute  
tr.v. de·put·ed, de·put·ing, de·putes
1. To appoint or authorize as an agent or a representative.

2. To assign (authority or duties) to another; delegate.
 Maua Daftari, qui a ouvert la conference, a evoque les progres que fait le gouvernement tanzanien en matiere d'elaboration d'une politique sur les TIC. Elle a fait remarquer que la politique en la matiere rendue publique en mars 2003 montrait l'engagement du gouvernement a l'egard des TIC. Elle a instamment encourage les delegues a proposer des idees d'interventions et de recommandations pour aider les femmes a utiliser les TIC pour teur propre profit et celui de la communaute.

Dans son discours-cadre intitule in·tit·ule  
tr.v. in·tit·uled, in·tit·ul·ing, in·tit·ules Chiefly British
To give a designation or title to (a legislative act, for example).
, "Battage publicitaire ou realite? Les TIC peuvent-elles franchir le stade de l'education de base dans les pays en developpement?," le Professeur Eva Rathgeber a suggere que l'Afrique devait faire davantage que de signer des accords internationaux pour parvenir a l'education pour tous. Remarquant que le droit a l'education est un droit fondamental, elle a aussi reconnu que l'education est un moyen efficace pour rendre la participation de la communaute susceptible de faire de la societe mondiale de l'information une realite. Bien qu'il faille faille  
n.
A slightly ribbed, woven fabric of silk, cotton, or rayon.



[French, from Old North French, cloth head-covering worn by women in Flanders, possibly from Middle Dutch falie,
 reconnaitre que l'Afrique a d'autres preoccupations plus pressantes tels que le VIH/SIDA et les conflits, le Professeur Eva Rathgeber a fait valoir que la formation des enseignants et des directeurs d'ecoles aux TIC ainsi que l'allocation de budgets etaient des elements cles pour assurer l'education. Les telecentres ont ete cites comme exemples d'opportunites permettant d'etendre l'education des adultes.

Dorothy Okello du WOUGNET a profondement analyse le terme TIC dans son expose sur "Les Applications, l'Acces et la Technologie : comprendre les Femmes et les TIC." Elle a donne aux participants l'occasion d'examiner les differentes dimensions des TIC et leurs liens avec la vie quotidienne. Il a ete indique que les femmes doivent donner leur opinion sur le choix des applications a developper et a promouvoir, et que le seul moyen d'y parvenir est de placer plus de femmes dans les laboratoires et les industries et de faire en sorte quelles aient acces a l'apprentissage et a la formation.

Dans un expose intitule "Politiques relatives aux TIC et a la gouvernance : Defis et opportunites pour les femmes", le Dr Florence Etta de l'IDRC a Nairobi a observe que s'il n'est pas fait mention des TIC et femmes ou des TIC et genre dans les politiques des gouvernements, aucune allocation budgetaire ni de financement ne leur sera attribuee. S'interrogeant sur les deux politiques nationales du Kenya et de la Tanzanie, elle a remarque re·marque  
n.
1. A small mark or sketch engraved in the margin of a plate to indicate its stage of development prior to completion.

2. A print or proof from a plate carrying such a mark.
 que les femmes n'etaient presque pas mentionnees dans ces documents et que, si elles l'etaient, elles etaient associees aux jeunes, aux invalides et aux groupes desavantages, ce qui posait des difficultes pour traiter des problemes de ces groupes vulnerables differemment. Elle a preconise une analyse critique des documents relatifs aux politiques des TIC.

Le deuxieme jour de la conference, il y a eu sept exposes, et l'accent a ete mis sur la connaissance et l'information (information autochtone) comme sujet central. Dans sa presentation "Exclusion numerique ou opportunite numerique?," Sophia Huyer a mis en exergue ex·ergue  
n.
A space on the reverse of a coin or medal, usually below the central design and often giving the date and place of engraving.



[French : Greek ex-, ex- + Greek ergon,
 les opportunites qu'offraient les TIC aux femmes dans la fourniture de l'information sur la sante, en particulier dans les zones rurales.

Dans un argument contraire, la presentation de Joseph Kiplang'at sur le theme "Apporter des informations agricoles aux femmes rurales a travers les TIC en Attique du Sud" a montre que malgre l'institution des strategies de developpement rural et des tele-centres par le gouverne ment sud-africain, la majorite des femmes impliquees dans l'agriculture demeurent exclues. Elle a recommande la participation des femmes rurales dans la formulation des politiques.

A la question de savoir si "les femmes devaient participer, attendre, negocier ou lutter dans le processus des politiques sur les TIC", Patricia Litho de l'Ouganda a indique que les femmes devraient participer aux innovations et a la conception technologiques, aux mecanismes appropriees de formation et a la formulation de politiques, etant donne que la determination individuelle est un element vital de cet engagement. On a reconnu que le defi pose par cet engagement ne permettait pas de promouvoir les TIC pour tes femmes, y compris celles de lenseignement superieur. Une etude e·tude  
n. Music
1. A piece composed for the development of a specific point of technique.

2. A composition featuring a point of technique but performed because of its artistic merit.
 de cas de l'universite de l'Etat de Lagos (LASU), Nigeria, presentee PRESENTEE, eccl. law., A clerk who has been presented by his patron to a bishop in order to be instituted in a church.  par Bosede Ammo a dissipe Iopinion generalement acceptee selon laquelle les femmes "urbaines" ou "eduquees" ont plus d'acces aux TIC que leur homologues rurales. Elle a montre quen raison du manque man·qué  
adj.
Unfulfilled or frustrated in the realization of one's ambitions or capabilities: an artist manqué; a writer manqué.
 de formation specialisee en matiere de TIC, les femmes intellectuelles n'avaient pas de competences en TIC. Une autre etude de la meme institution conduite par le Dr Nwabuno Nwaboku a revele que meme parmi les etudiants, l'utilisation de l'ordinateur n'est pas courante courante

(from Latin currere, “to run”) Court dance of the 16th century, fashionable in European ballrooms into the 18th century. It was originally performed with small back-and-forth springing steps, which later became stately glides.
 et que l'on n'en tirait pas parti dans l'enseignement universitaire.

L'apprentissage electronique a egalement ete identifiee comme etant une opportunite majeure pour repondre au besoin AU BESOIN. This is a French phrase, used in commercial law. When the drawer of a foreign bill of exchange wishes as a matter of precaution, and to save expenses, he puts in the corner of the bill, "Au besoin chez Messieurs or, in other words, "In case of need, apply to Messrs.  croissant en matiere de l'enseignement superieur et de formation en Afrique. Vitalis Angati of Jifunzeonline de Tanzanie, et Charles Senkondo du Tanzania Development Learning Centre ont cite comme elements appreciables les couts reduits, la disposition a repondre et la flexibilite, qui sont tous importants pour les femmes.

De nouveaux procedes et applications des TIC ont ete examines par un certain nombre de participants. Sally Ibeere de Ski-Pix Kenya a introduit l'idee de l'utilisation des Touch Screen Kiosks (Boutiques ou on peut toucher l'ecran), tandis que Eva Rathgeber a presente un CD-ROM produit en anglais et en luganda qui est actuellement utilise dans les villes comme dans les villages ougandais dans l'apprentissage et dans la formation sur les TIC.

Faustin Kamuzora de State University of Agriculture, en Tanzanie (Universite d'Etat sur l'agriculture) a suggere de nouvelles methodes permettant aux femmes de beneficier d'une utilisation longue et precoce des TIC dans le cadre du tourisme. Ruth Ochieng a donne des exemples de l'impact de la convergence des TIC pour ce qui est de permettre aux femmes de vehiculer leurs idees et de communiquer leurs problemes dans les situations de conflits. Elle a mis l'accent sur la necessite de doter dote  
intr.v. dot·ed, dot·ing, dotes
To show excessive fondness or love: parents who dote on their only child.



[Middle English doten.
 les femmes de capacites en matiere de TIC en vue de leur autonomisation.

Dans les discussions en pleniere les premier et deuxieme jours, les participants se sont penches sur des exposes, identifie les opportunites pour ameliorer leurs actions, ainsi que sur certains exemples de bonnes pratiques, et les projets et les defis auxquels elles font toujours face pour introduire les TIC aux femmes.

Les participants ont elabore des recommandations relatives aux mesures a prendre A PRENDRE, French, to take, to seize, in contracts, as profits a prendre. Ham. N. P. 184; or a right to take something out of the soil. 5 Ad. & Ell. 764; 1 N. & P. 172 it differs from a right of way, which is simply an easement or interest which confers no interest in the land. 5 B. & C. 221.  et aux activites de suivi qui ont ete presentes a Mme le Depute H. Ngowi a la fin de la conference.

Par Juliet Were Oguttu- ISIS WICCE WICCE Women's International Cross Cultural Exchange  
COPYRIGHT 2005 African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET)
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2005, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

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Title Annotation:NEWS/INFORMATION
Author:Oguttu, Juliet Were
Publication:Femnet News
Date:Jan 1, 2005
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