Wildlife diversity on the periphery of Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.Introduction This paper presents data on faunal fau·na n. pl. fau·nas or fau·nae 1. (used with a sing. or pl. verb) Animals, especially the animals of a particular region or period, considered as a group. 2. diversity derived from a year-long study of hunting patterns in an Iban community on the periphery periphery /pe·riph·ery/ (pe-rif´er-e) an outward surface or structure; the portion of a system outside the central region.periph´eral pe·riph·er·y n. 1. of Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP DSNP Digital Signal Noise Processing DSNP Danau Sentarum National Park (Borneo) DSNP Digital Synchronization Network Plan ), West Kalimantan West Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Barat often abbreviated to Kalbar) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of four Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city Pontianak is located right on the Equator line. , Indonesia Indonesia (ĭn'dənē`zhə), officially Republic of Indonesia, republic (2005 est. pop. 241,974,000), c.735,000 sq mi (1,903,650 sq km), SE Asia, in the Malay Archipelago. . These unique data on birds and mammals The class Mammalia (the Mammals) is divided into two subclasses based on reproductive techniques: egg laying mammals (the Monotremes); and mammals which give live birth. The latter subclass is divided into two infraclasses: pouched mammals (the marsupials); and the placental mammals. provide an important baseline The horizontal line to which the bottoms of lowercase characters (without descenders) are aligned. See typeface. baseline - released version for future conservation work in the area despite being somewhat dated (1993-1994). They are particularly important given the high level of illegal logging Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of national laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission or from a protected area; the cutting of in the DSNP vicinity over the last five years. The study community is unique in the area for not allowing its preserved old growth forests to be logged, thus potentially providing refuge Refuge See also Concealment. Adullam cave where David hid from Saul. [O. T.: I Samuel 22:1] Alsatia (white friars) London monastery; former refuge for lawless characters. [Br. Hist. to wildlife fleeing surrounding sur·round tr.v. sur·round·ed, sur·round·ing, sur·rounds 1. To extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle. 2. To enclose or confine on all sides so as to bar escape or outside communication. n. logged forest (Meijaard et al. 2006). It is important to note that this study was not designed to measure faunal diversity but rather hunting patterns, although the data presented provide hints at that diversity. Methods DSNP is located in a remote area of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and situated close to the Malaysian border of Sarawak Sarawak (sərä`wäk), state (1991 pop. 1,648,217), 48,342 sq mi (125,206 sq km), Malaysia, in NW Borneo and on the South China Sea. , approximately 700 km. inland from the provincial capital Noun 1. provincial capital - the capital city of a province capital - a seat of government city, metropolis, urban center - a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; "Ancient Troy was a great city" , Pontianak Pontianak (pôntēä`näk), city (1990 pop. 398,357), capital of West Kalimantan prov., W Borneo, Indonesia, at the mouth of a small stream in the Kapuas delta near the west coast. . DSNP is an area of interconnected seasonal lakes and seasonally flooded tropical forests with the water catchment catch·ment n. 1. A catching or collecting of water, especially rainwater. 2. a. A structure, such as a basin or reservoir, used for collecting or draining water. b. consisting of lowland tropical forest in the hills and flooded forest in the low-lying low-ly·ing adj. 1. Lying close to water or ground level: low-lying coastal areas. 2. Situated below the normal height or altitude: low-lying deserts of central Arizona. areas. A patchwork of various forest developmental stages characterizes the former and is a result of commercial logging, swidden swid·den n. An area cleared for temporary cultivation by cutting and burning the vegetation. [Dialectal alteration of obsolete swithen, from Old Norse svidhna, to be burned.] cultivation cultivation, tilling or manipulation of the soil, done primarily to eliminate weeds that compete with crops for water and nutrients. Cultivation may be used in crusted soils to increase soil aeration and infiltration of water; it may also be used to move soil to or , and smallholdings of rubber and pepper. The altitude altitude, vertical distance of an object above some datum plane, such as mean sea level or a reference point on the earth's surface. It is usually measured by the reduction in atmospheric pressure with height, as shown on a barometer or altimeter. within the park is approximately 30-35 m. above sea level, while the surrounding hills rise as high as 760 m. Daytime Daytime may refer to:
temperatures are consistently 26-30 degrees Celsius Cel·si·us adj. Abbr. C Of or relating to a temperature scale that registers the freezing point of water as 0° and the boiling point as 100° under normal atmospheric pressure. , with annual rainfall ranging between 3000 and 4000 mm. The driest months are usually July July: see month. , August, and September September: see month. . The area was established as the Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve in 1985 (Giesen 1987), became Indonesia's second Ramsar For the wetland preserve organization, see . Ramsar (in Persian: رامسر) is a town in Mazandaran province of Iran, at the Caspian Sea. It was also known as Sakhtsar in the past. People in Ramsar speak a Gilaki dialect of the Persian Language. Wetland of International Importance in 1994 and was upgraded to a National Park in 1999 (Giesen and Aglionby Aglionby may be the surname of:
American conductor who introduced symphonic jazz to a general audience. He commissioned George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue. 1996) though the exact boundaries of the park remain unclear. The study area reported here (located in the hills northeast of the reserve core) may eventually be considered a transition zone, a buffer zone buffer zone n. A neutral area between hostile or belligerent forces that serves to prevent conflict. Noun 1. buffer zone , or even part of the park core. The permanent park population in 1995 (the most recent census) was 6,575 people, and the population density fluctuated seasonally between 5.3 and 6.4 persons per [km..sup.2] (Aglionby and Whiteman 1996). Around 80% of the population were Muslim-Malay fisherfolk, while the remainder, and those occupying the park periphery and surrounding hills, were largely Christian Christian flees the City of Destruction. [Br. Lit.: Pilgrim’s Progress] See : Escape Christian travels to Celestial City with cumbrous burden on back. [Br. Lit. Dayaks Day·ak or Dy·ak n. pl. Dayak or Day·aks also Dyak or Dy·aks 1. A member of any of various Indonesian peoples inhabiting Borneo. 2. The language of the Dayak. , (1) the majority of whom were Iban. In the Batang
Study focused on the Iban longhouse longhouse Traditional communal dwelling of the Iroquois Indians until the 19th century. The longhouse was a rectangular box built out of poles, with doors at each end and saplings stretched over the top to form the roof, the whole structure being covered with bark. community of Sungal Sedik (2) located about 6 km. from the district administrative center and market town of Lanjak. The longhouse was a 14-household community containing about 98 residents during the period of study, with an average household size of 6 people. The surrounding territory claimed by the longhouse encompasses approximately 24 [km..sup.2] and was a patchwork of forest succession, agricultural plots, rubber smallholdings, and specially preserved forest* Elevation elevation, vertical distance from a datum plane, usually mean sea level to a point above the earth. Often used synonymously with altitude, elevation is the height on the earth's surface and altitude, the height in space above the surface. ranges between around 100 to over 700 meters above sea level Meters Above Sea Level is a standard metric measurement of the elevation of a location in reference to mean sea level. Uses Meters above sea level is the standard measurement of the elevation or altitude of:  nī`) or Brunei Darussalam (där'əsəläm`), officially State of Brunei Darussalam, sultanate (2005 est. pop. .
Data on hunting were collected by the author in 1993-1994 using an interview schedule developed by himself, Carol Colfer and Ian Hood* It was administered immediately after every hunting trip for six one-month sampling periods distributed evenly over a year* Interviews were conducted in the Iban language The Iban language is spoken in Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo) and the Sarawak state region of Malaysia by the Iban, a branch of the Dayak ethnic group (formerly known as "Sea Dayak"). . The hunters consisted of twelve men (over 15 years of age) and eleven boys (under 15 years), and they were asked a series of questions about hunts and their observations. (3) (When there was more than one hunter on a trip, the men were interviewed separately as a cross-check Verb 1. cross-check - check out conflicting sources; crosscheck facts, for example insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain, check, assure, control, see - be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See *) Of interest here are their reports on animals encountered, both in terms of the number of encounters and the number of animals encountered. (4) (An encounter is defined as any sighting of an animal, whether or not it resulted in capture.) Birds and mammals encountered but not captured were identified through the use of field guides (i.e., Smythies 1981, Francis Francis, French prince, duke of Alençon and Anjou Francis, 1554–84, French prince, duke of Alençon and Anjou; youngest son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici. 1984, Payne
The surname Payne stems from paganus, see pagan. People
Men tended to hunt alone or with one or two companions, while boys invariably in·var·i·a·ble adj. Not changing or subject to change; constant. in·var  i·a·bil hunted in groups; occasionally a man would take a boy or two
with him. In previous analyses of these data (i.e., Wadley et al. 1997,
Wadley and Colfer 2004), boys' hunting was excluded because the
author discovered early on that during periods when no data were
collected, boys tended to hunt less. It was deduced that they were going
out of their way to hunt during study periods, to bring back prey for
analysis and identification. (This was not the case for adult hunting
which is representative of the periods when no data were collected.)
Thus the hunting done by boys is not representative of hunting patterns,
but the data are included here because of their important observations
on faunal diversity.
Hunting reported here was largely for subsistence subsistence, n the state of being supported or remaining alive with a minimum of essentials. . Iban preferred large-bodied mammalian mammalian emanating from or pertaining to mammals. prey (bearded pigs bearded pig susbarbatus. and deer deer, ruminant mammal of the family Cervidae, found in most parts of the world except Australia. Antlers, solid bony outgrowths of the skull, develop in the males of most species and are shed and renewed annually. ), but were opportunistic opportunistic /op·por·tu·nis·tic/ (op?er-tldbomacn-is´tik) 1. denoting a microorganism which does not ordinarily cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances. 2. about what animals they actually captured on hunts (Wadley et al. 1997). Although some game (particularly bearded pigs) were occasionally taken to the market town and sold, there was only one case of this during the study period (Wadley et al. 1997). The capture of live animals also occasionally occurred in the area, such as when hunters shot female orangutans or gibbons Famous people named Gibbons include:
Results and Discussion Hunters encountered 102 species of birds from 27 families and 45 species of mammals from 16 families (Tables 1-2) in habitats ranging from fallowed secondary forest to old longhouse sites. Most encounters occurred in older growth forest of various kinds (see Wadley et al. 1997, Wadley and Colfer 2004) as hunters concentrated their efforts on locations most likely to contain or attract game. They did not systematically sample forest habitats, thus likely missing a number of animals. Table 3 lists animals encountered by the author outside of the hunting study during the years 1992-1994. Of particular interest is Ptilocercus lowii, a highly rare squirrel squirrel, name for small or medium-sized rodents of the family Sciuridae, found throughout the world except in Australia, Madagascar, and the polar regions; it is applied especially to the tree-living species. . A single individual had entered the Sungai Sedik longhouse one night and was killed by a domestic cat. Despite its distinctive appearance and perhaps because it is both rare and nocturnal nocturnal /noc·tur·nal/ (nok-tur´n'l) pertaining to, occurring at, or active at night. noc·tur·nal adj. 1. Of, relating to, or occurring in the night. 2. , not even the oldest hunters had ever seen one, except in the author's field guide (Payne et al. 1985). The residents were at a loss as to how to classify clas·si·fy tr.v. clas·si·fied, clas·si·fy·ing, clas·si·fies 1. To arrange or organize according to class or category. 2. To designate (a document, for example) as confidential, secret, or top secret. it exactly: some called it tupai Tu`pai´ n. 1. (Zool.) Any one of the tupaiids. (squirrel), and others cit (rat). A simple comparison was made of wildlife diversity at Sungai Sedik with that reported for the DSNP core and that of Gunung Palung National Park Gunung Palung National Park lies in the southern portion of the province of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, not far from the kabupaten city of Ketapang. The park is notable for its diversity of ecological zones, ranging from low-lying swampland to old-growth forests to mountains, and , also in West Kalimantan (see Wadley, 2002 for details). Measured in terms of species numbers, Sungai Sedik was, on the surface, less diverse overall than the core of DSNP. There were 224 species of birds from 47 families reported for DSNP. For mammals, DSNP had 39 species from 20 families reported. Compared to Gunung Gunung is the Malay or Indonesian word for mountain - it is regularly used in volcano and mountain names throughout South east asia. E.g.
curve of a usually unimodal distribution with one tail drawn out more than the other and the median will lie above or below the mean. skewed Epidemiology adjective Referring to an asymmetrical distribution of a population or of data with Gunung Palung having 73 species from 24 families reported. However, the proportion of species numbers was very similar among these sites (e.g., for birds: pigeons, cuckoos, hornbills, bulbuls, babblers, flycatchers, spiderhunters, and flowerpeckers; for mammals: treeshrews, monkeys This list includes individual non-human primates (capuchin monkeys, squirrel monkeys, Rhesus Macaques, and marmosets) who are in some way famous or notable. Note: This list does not include fictional monkeys, nor Apes, which are not monkeys. , squirrels, and civets) with some exceptions (e.g., for birds: eagles and woodpeckers; for mammals: rats). One factor in the differences between Sungai Sedik and Gunung Palung may have been environmental (e.g., Sungai Sedik's mosaic forest and Gunung Palung's old growth lowland forest). But the forests within DSNP, like those of Sungai Sedik, were not at all uniform. Sungai Sedik's proximity to DSNP suggests the method of study, with its focus on hunting and on hunters' unsystematic reports, as being important in explaining some of these differences. Nonetheless, Iban forest management--through the cycling of secondary forest for swiddening and preservation of various tracts of older growth forest--may promote some degree of biodiversity biodiversity: see biological diversity. biodiversity Quantity of plant and animal species found in a given environment. Sometimes habitat diversity (the variety of places where organisms live) and genetic diversity (the variety of traits expressed by creating a mosaic of forest habitats that different plants and animals Plants and Animals are a Canadian indie-rock band from Montreal, comprised of guitarist-vocalists Warren Spicer and Nic Basque, and drummer-vocalist Matthew Woodley.[1] They are signed to Secret City Records. exploit, and by favoring favoring an animal is said to be favoring a leg when it avoids putting all of its weight on the limb. A part of being lame in a limb. organisms Organisms See also animals; bacteria; biology; plants; zoology. anabolism Biology, Physiology. the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones. Cf. catabolism. — anabolic, adj. that are intolerant in·tol·er·ant adj. Not tolerant, especially: a. Unwilling to tolerate differences in opinions, practices, or beliefs, especially religious beliefs. b. of old growth forest conditions. The resulting biodiversity may be different from that seen in extensive old growth forest as the comparison above suggests, all things being equal with data collection methods. In the years since this study, there have been a number of important changes that have affected local habitats. Foremost among them is the growth in human population, both regionally and at Sungai Sedik, and a recent explosion in illegal logging. An increase in the number of households from 14 in 1994 to 20 in 2006 has resulted in an expansion of swiddening and an apparent shortening of the fallow fallow a pale cream, light fawn, or pale yellow coat color in dogs. cycle, thus reducing the extent of older secondary forest available to wildlife. This appears to hold true for the surrounding area as well. After 1997, logging shifted from government-licensed concessions to being foreign-backed (Malaysian) and local community-led efforts (Wadley 2006). This illegal logging accelerated until 2005 when it was stopped by provincial and national police. In that short time, the lowland forests surrounding DSNP and forming its buffer zone were heavily cut (Dennis Dennis is a male first name derived from the Greco-Roman name Dionysius meaning "servant of Dionysus", the Thracian god of wine, which is ultimately derived from the Greek Dios (Διος, "of Zeus") combined with Nysos or Nysa (Νυσα), where the et al. n.d.), as were the community forests adjacent to Sungai Sedik. That community, however, effectively preserved most of its older growth upland Upland, city (1990 pop. 63,374), San Bernardino co., S Calif., in a citrus-fruit region at the foot of the San Gabriel Mts.; inc. 1906. Citrus fruits and grapes are packed and processed in the city. Paint, orchard heaters, auto parts, and feed products are also made. forest, even stopping encroachment An illegal intrusion in a highway or navigable river, with or without obstruction. An encroachment upon a street or highway is a fixture, such as a wall or fence, which illegally intrudes into or invades the highway or encloses a portion of it, diminishing its width or area, but by logging operations across its watershed watershed, elevation or divide separating the catchment area, or drainage basin, of one river system or group of river systems from another system or group of systems. The term is also often used synonymously with drainage basin. in 2004. The community's last remaining stand of swamp forest (about 10-15 ha) was logged in 2003, though it is likely that this would have eventually been converted to short-fallowed swamp rice fields. As one of the few places in the area with undamaged old growth forests, it is likely that Sungai Sedik's forest has come to serve as a refuge for animals displaced displaced see displacement. , at least temporarily, by logging activities and forest degradation DEGRADATION, punishment, ecclesiastical law. A censure by which a clergy man is deprived of his holy orders, which he had as a priest or deacon. elsewhere. Acknowledgements Faunal data were collected while the author served as a consultant (1993-1994) on the Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve Conservation Project under the auspices aus·pi·ces 1 n. Plural of auspex. auspices Noun, pl under the auspices of with the support and approval of [Latin auspicium augury from birds] Noun of Asian Wetland Bureau (now Wetlands wetlands, low-lying ecosystem where the water table is always at or near the surface. It is divided into estuarine and freshwater systems, which may be further subdivided by soil type and plant life into bogs, swamps, and marshes. International-Indonesian Programme), the Indonesian Directorate of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHPA PHPA Professional Helicopter Pilots Association PHPA Professional Hockey Players' Association PHPA Port Hedland Port Authority (Australia) PHPA Partial Hydrolytic Polyacrylamide (oil and gas drilling mud additive) ) and the Overseas Development Administration, UK (now Department for International Development). Additional research (1992-1994) was funded by the US National Science Foundation (Grant No. BNS-9114652), Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Sigma Xi Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society was founded in 1886 at Cornell University by a junior faculty member and a handful of graduate students. Members of the non-profit honor society elect others on the basis of their research achievements or potential. and Arizona State University Arizona State University, at Tempe; coeducational; opened 1886 as a normal school, became 1925 Tempe State Teachers College, renamed 1945 Arizona State College at Tempe. Its present name was adopted in 1958. and was sponsored by the Balai Kajian Sejarah dan Nilai Nilai is a town located in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Due to its proximity, and connection through the KTM to Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Kuala Lumpur International Airport, it is a rapidly growing town. Development projects can be seen as one drives around Nilai. Tradisional Pontianak. Thanks to Nicole Williamson Wil·liam·son , Mount A peak, 4,382.9 m (14,370 ft) high, in the Sierra Nevada of east-central California. for her help in compiling com·pile tr.v. com·piled, com·pil·ing, com·piles 1. To gather into a single book. 2. To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources: the tables. Any conclusions and opinions drawn here are not necessarily those of the above agencies and individuals: the author alone is responsible. Bibliography bibliography. The listing of books is of ancient origin. Lists of clay tablets have been found at Nineveh and elsewhere; the library at Alexandria had subject lists of its books. Aglionby, J. and A. Whiteman 1996 The Utilization of Economic Data for Conservation Management Planning: A Case Study from Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve. Pontianak: Conservation Project, Indonesia-UK Tropical Forest Management Programme. Colfer, C. J. P. and R. L. Wadley 2001 From "Participation" to "Rights and Responsibilities" in Forest Management: Workable Methods and Unworkable Assumptions in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: C. J. P. Coifer and Y. Byron (eds.), People Managing Forests: The Links Between Human Well-Being and Sustainability. Resources for the Future Press and Center for International Forestry Research The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) an international research institution committed to conserving forests and improving the livelihoods of people in the tropics by helping farmers and communities gain from forest resources. It is based in Bogor, Indonesia. , Washington Washington, town, England Washington, town (1991 pop. 48,856), Sunderland metropolitan district, NE England. Washington was designated one of the new towns in 1964 to alleviate overpopulation in the Tyneside-Wearside area. , D.C. and Bogor Bogor (bō`gôr), formerly Buitenzorg (boi`tənzôrkh) [Du.,=free from care], city (1990 pop. 271,341), W Java, Indonesia. . Pp. 278-99. Dennis, R., A. Erman Erman may refer to:
Francis, C. M. 1984 Pocket Guide to the Birds of Borneo Borneo (bôr`nēō'), island (1990 pop. 9,102,906), c.287,000 sq mi (743,330 sq km), largest of the Malay Archipelago and third largest island in the world, SW of the Philippines and N of Java. . Kota Kinabalu/Kuala Lumpur: The Sabah Sabah (sä`bä), state (1991 pop. 1,736,902), 28,417 sq mi (73,600 sq km), Malaysia, N Borneo, on the South China and Sulu seas. It is bordered on the south by Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). Society/World Wildlife Fund Malaysia. Giesen, W. 1987 Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve: Inventory, Ecology ecology, study of the relationships of organisms to their physical environment and to one another. The study of an individual organism or a single species is termed autecology; the study of groups of organisms is called synecology. and Management Guidelines guidelines, n.pl a set of standards, criteria, or specifications to be used or followed in the performance of certain tasks. . Bogor, Indonesia: WWF/PHPA. Giesen, W. and J. Aglionby 2000 Introduction to Danau Sentarum National Park, West Kalimantan. Borneo Research Bulletin 31:5-28. Kecamatan Batang Lupar 1995 Data Penduduk Wilayah A wilāyah (Arabic: ولاية) or vilâyet (in Persian and Ottoman Turkish) is an administrative division, usually translated as "province. Kecamatan Batang Lupar, Oktober 1995. Lanjak: Kantor Camat, Kecamatan Batang Lupar. MacKinnon, J. and K. Phillipps 1993 A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Meijaard, E., D. Sheil, R. Nasi, and S. A. Stanley Stanley, town (1991 pop. 1,557), capital of the Falkland Islands, S Atlantic Ocean, on East Falkland island. It is the main port and trading center of the islands. The name is sometimes written as Port Stanley. 2006 Wildlife Conservation in Bornean Timber Concessions. Ecology and Society Ecology and Society (formerly Conservation Ecology) is an Open Access, interdisciplinary journal published by the Resilience Alliance. The journal seeks papers that are novel, integrative and written in a way that is accessible to a wide audience that includes an array of 11(1):47; URL URL in full Uniform Resource Locator Address of a resource on the Internet. The resource can be any type of file stored on a server, such as a Web page, a text file, a graphics file, or an application program. : http//www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art47/. Payne, J., C. M. Francis, and K. Phillipps 1985 A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society/World Wildlife Fund Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu/Kuala Lumpur. Smythies, B. E. 1981 The Birds of Borneo. Third edition. Kota Kinabalu/Kuala Lumpur: The Sabah Society/Malayan Nature Society. Wadley, R. L. 2002 Iban Forest Management and Wildlife Conservation along the Danau Sentarum Periphery, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malayan Nature Journal 56(1):83-101. 2006 Community Co-operatives, Illegal Logging and Regional Autonomy Regional autonomy is the term for the decentralisation of governance to outlying regions. Recent examples of disputes over autonomy include:
), ancient sky god of Sumerian origin, worshiped in Babylonian religion. e-Press
(http://epress.anu.edu.au/ borneo citation Citation(foaled 1945) U.S. Thoroughbred racehorse. In four seasons he won 32 of 45 races, finished second in ten, and third in two. He won the 1948 Triple Crown, and became the first horse to win $1 million. He set a world record in 1950 by running a mile in 1:33 3/5. .htm), Canberra, Australia. Pp. 111-32. Wadley, R. L. and C. J. P. Colfer 2004 Sacred Forest, Hunting, and Conservation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Human Ecology Human ecology The study of how the distributions and numbers of humans are determined by interactions with conspecific individuals, with members of other species, and with the abiotic environment. 32(3):313-38. Wadley, R. L., C. J. P. Colfer, and I. G. Hood 1997 Hunting Primates Primates The mammalian order to which humans belong. Primates are generally arboreal mammals with a geographic distribution largely restricted to the Tropics. and Managing Forests: The Case of Iban Forest Farmers in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Human Ecology 25(2):243-71. (1) "Dayak" refers to the indigenous, non-Muslim inhabitants
The game is based loosely on the concepts from SameGame. of Borneo; Dayaks who have converted to Islam generally become reclassified as Melayu or Malay, such as the Danau Sentarum Malays. (2) In some earlier publications, this community was presented under a pseudonym pseudonym (s `dənĭm) [Gr.,=false name], name assumed, particularly by writers, to conceal identity. A writer's pseudonym is also referred to as a nom de plume (pen name). , Wong Garai; this is no longer deemed necessary.
(3) Questions concerned such things as time of day, duration of hunt, weather during hunt, location of hunt, locations traversed during hunt, type of environment in which animals were encountered, and animals encountered, shot at, and captured. (4) The numbers of animals hunters saw during encounters were usually estimates and may not accurately reflect numbers of animals in the area. Hunters reported (sometimes estimated) the numbers of animals seen at any one encounter, which might range from a solitary solitary /sol·i·tary/ (sol´i-tar?e) 1. alone; separated from others. 2. living alone or in pairs only. solitary being the only one or ones. gibbon gibbon, small ape, genus Hyloblates, found in the forests of SE Asia. The gibbons, including the siamang, are known as the small, or lesser, apes; they are the most highly adapted of the apes to arboreal life. or hornbill hornbill, common name for members of the family Bucerotidae, Old World birds of tropical and subtropical forests, named for their enormous down-curved bills surmounted by grotesque horny casques. From 2 to 5 ft (61–152. to a troop of langurs or a horde of bulbuls. These numbers do not represent extant ex·tant adj. 1. Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct: extant manuscripts. 2. Archaic Standing out; projecting. population sizes because particular animals might have been encountered more than once and therefore counted numerous times. They do, however, give some impression of the relative abundance Abundance See also Fertility. Amalthea’s horn horn of Zeus’s nurse-goat which became a cornucopia. [Gk. Myth.: Walsh Classical, 19] cornucopia conical receptacle which symbolizes abundance. [Rom. Myth. of each species. (5) Species classification for birds has been updated following that used by MacKinnon and Phillipps (1993). Reed L. Wadley Department of Anthropology anthropology, classification and analysis of humans and their society, descriptively, culturally, historically, and physically. Its unique contribution to studying the bonds of human social relations has been the distinctive concept of culture. University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA Email: wadleyr@missouri Missouri, state, United States Missouri (mĭz  r`ē, –ə), one of the midwestern states of the United States. .edu
Table 1. Sungai Sedik Bird List (a)
Scientific Name English Name Iban Name
ACCIPITRIDAE HAWKS & EAGLES
Ictinaetus lang
malayensis black eagle mukong
PHASIANIDAE PHEASANTS
Rollulus rouloul crested partridge sengayan
Lophura
erythropthalma crestless fireback sempidan
RALLIDAE RAILS
Amaurornis white-breasted
phoenicurus waterhen engkeruak
PIGEONS &
COLUMBIDAE DOVES
empuna'
Treron capellei large green pigeon bedidi'
thick-billed
Treron curvirostra green pigeon empuna'
cinnamon-headed
Treron fulvicollis green pigeon empuna'
Chalcophaps indica emerald dove imbok
Macropygia emiliana ruddy cuckoo-dove imbok
PARROTS AND
PSITTACIDAE PARAKEETS
blue-crowned
Loriculus galgulus hanging-parrot entilit
CUCULIDAE CUCKOOS
Cacomantis
merulinus plaintive cuckoo tiup api
Phaenicophaeus
chlorophaeus Raffles's malkoha mendo' ilai
Phaenicophaeus black-bellied mendo'
diardi malkoha jugam
Phaenicophaeus chestnut-breasted mendo'
curvirostris malkoha sabang
Centropus sinensis greater coucal bubut
Centropus
bengalensis lesser coucal encelukup
unidentified
malkoha mendo'
STRIGIDAE OWLS
lang
Ninox scutulata brown hawk-owl empelako
TROGONIDAE TROGONS
Harpactes Whitehead's
whiteheadi trogon beragai
ALCEDINIDAE KINGFISHERS
Ceyx rufidorsa rufus-backed ensing
kingfisher
MEROPIDAE BEE-EATERS
blue-throated kangkang
Merops viridis bee-eater kuso'
red-bearded kangkang
Nyctyornis amictus bee-eater kuso'
BUCEROTIDAE HORNBILLS
white-crowned
Aceros comatus hornbill sentuku
kejako'/
Aceros corrugatus wrinkled hornbill kekue'
Aceros undulatus wreathed hornbill undan
Anthracoceros Asian black
malayanus hornbill berui'
Anthracoceros Oriental pied
albirostris hornbill berui'
rhinocerous
Buceros rhinoceros hornbill kenyalang
CAPITONIDAE BARBETS
Megalaima rafflesii red-crowned barbet tegok
Megalaima
mystacophanos red-throated barbet tegok
Megalaima tegok /
pulcherrima (c) golden-naped barbet tekarak
Megalaima australis blue-eared barbet tekarak
PICIDAE WOODPECKERS
Sasia abnormis rufus piculet ketupung
crimson-winged
Picus uniceus woodpecker belatok
Blythipicus
rubignosus maroon woodpecker pangkas
belatok /
kumpang
Celeus brachyurus rufus woodpecker empali
EURYLAIMIDAE BROADBILLS
Eurylaimus black-and-yellow ganggang
ochromalus broadbill kaka
Cymbirhynchus black-and-red
macrorhynchus broadbill ganggang
PITTIDAE PITTAS
burong
Pitta moluccensis blue-wined pitta pelandok
CAMPEPHAGIDAE CUCKOO-SHRIKES
grey-chinned
Pericrocotus solaris minivet ensulit
lesser
Coracina fimbriata cuckoo-shrike
IORAS AND
CHLOROPSEIDAE LEAFBIRDS
Aegithina tiphia common iora tandok ulat
Aegithina tandok ulat
viridissima green iora / kico'
Chloropsis lesser green
cyanopogon leafbird penta daun
Chloropsis greater green
sonnerati leafbird penta daun
unidentified
green leafbird
PYCNONOTIDAE BULBULS
Pycnonotus eutilotus puff-backed bulbul empulo'
Pycnonotus black-and-
melanoleucos white bulbul empulo'
Pycnonotus empulo'
atriceps black-headed bulbul lilin
Pycnonotus plumosus olive-wined bulbul empulo'
empulo'
Pycnonotus brunneus red-eyed bulbul raras
Pycnonotus empulo'
erythrophthalmos spectacled bulbul raras
empulo'
Pycnonotus simplex cream-vented bulbul raras
yellow-vented
Pycnonotus goiavier bulbul empulo'
Setornis criniger hook-billed bulbul empulo'
Tricholestes empulo'
criniger hairy-backed bulbul raras
Ixos malaccensis streaked bulbul empulo'
Iole olivacea buff-vented bulbul empulo'
empulo'
Hypsipetes flavula ash bulbul jugo'
Alophoixus bres grey-cheeked bulbul empulo'
Criniger finschii Finsch's bulbul empulo'
red-eyed or cream- empulo'
vented bulbul
unidentified bulbul empulo'
ORIOLIDAE ORIOLES
Oriolus xanthorus black-hooded oriole
Asian
Irena puella fairy-bluebird kengan
CORVIDAE CROWS
Corvus enca slender-billed crow burong ka'
TIMALIIDAE BABBLERS
sooty-capped
Malacopteron affine babbler engkecong
fluffy-backed
Macronous ptilosus tit-babbler engkecong
grey-throated
Stachyris nigriceps babbler engkecong
Stachyris black-throated
nigricollis babbler engkecong
white-necked
Stachyris leucotis babbler engkecong
chestnut-rumped
Stachyris maculata babbler engkecong
Stachyris chestnut-winged
erythroptera babbler engkecong
Trichastoma bicolor ferruginous babbler engkecong
unidentified
babbler
TURDIDAE ROBINS
Copsychus
malabaricus white-rumped shama nendak
Copsychus
saularis magpie-robin semalau
TAILORBIRDS &
SYLVIIDAE WARBLERS
Orthotomus mountain
cuculatus tailorbird beriak
Orthotomus rufus-tailed
sericeus tailorbird beriak
Orthotomus
ruficeps ash tailorbird kuci
Phylloscopus
borealis arctic warbler kenyera
MUSCICAPIDAE FLYCATCHERS
Malaysian blue
Cyornis turcosus flycatcher semujan
Cyanoptila blue-and-white
cyanomelana flycatcher
white-throated
Rhipidura albicollis fantail engkani
black-naped
Hypothymus azurea monarch semujan
Asian paradise
Terpsiphone paradisi flycatcher semujan
SUNBIRDS AND
NECTARINIDAE SPIDERHUNTERS
Aethopyga siparaja crimson sunbird engkerasak
Anthreptes ruby-cheeked
singalensis sunbird kuncit mali
engkerasak
Anthreptes simplex plain sunbird / kuncit
Nectarinia copper-throated
calcostetha sunbird kuncit
purple-throated
Nectarinia sperata sunbird
Arachnothera little
longirostra spiderhunter engkerasak
Arachnothera thick-billed
crassirostris spiderhunter engkerasak
Arachnothera yellow-eared
chyogenys spiderhunter engkerasak
Arachnothera long-billed
robusta spiderhunter engkerasak
DICAEIDAE FLOWERPECKERS
Prionochilus scarlet-breasted
thoracicus flowerpecker kuncit
Prionochilus yellow-rumped kuncit
xanthopygius flowerpecker kemali
Prionochilus crimson-breasted
percussus flowerpecker kuncit
Prionochilus yellow-breasted
maculatus flowerpecker kuncit
Dicaeum yellow-vented kuncit
chrysorrheum flowerpecker pelandok
plain
Dicaeum concolor flowerpecker kuncit
scarlet-backed kuncit
Dicaeum cruentatum flowerpecker benang
black-sided
Dicaeum monticolum flowerpecker kuncit
Dicaeum orange-bellied
trigonostigma flowerpecker kuncit
brown-backed
Dicaeum everetti flowerpecker kuncit
scarlet-headed
Dicaeum trochileum flowerpecker
various
flowerpecker
WEAVERS/
PLOCEIDAE MUNIAS
Lonchura fuscans dusky munia pipit
No. No.
Encoun- Animals Pos.
Scientific Name English Name ters Sighted ID (b)
ACCIPITRIDAE HAWKS & EAGLES
Ictinaetus
malayensis black eagle 1 1
PHASIANIDAE PHEASANTS
Rollulus rouloul crested partridge 5 12
Lophura
erythropthalma crestless fireback 1 2
RALLIDAE RAILS
Amaurornis white-breasted
phoenicurus waterhen (2) -2 *
PIGEONS &
COLUMBIDAE DOVES
Treron capellei large green pigeon 1 7
thick-billed
Treron curvirostra green pigeon 1 3 0
cinnamon-headed
Treron fulvicollis green pigeon (1) (1)
Chalcophaps indica emerald dove 7 9 *
Macropygia emiliana ruddy cuckoo-dove (1) (1)
PARROTS AND
PSITTACIDAE PARAKEETS
blue-crowned
Loriculus galgulus hanging-parrot -1 (1)
CUCULIDAE CUCKOOS
Cacomantis
merulinus plaintive cuckoo 1 1 *
Phaenicophaeus
chlorophaeus Raffles's malkoha 2 3 *
Phaenicophaeus black-bellied
diardi malkoha 1 (1) 2 (1)
Phaenicophaeus chestnut-breasted
curvirostris malkoha 1 2
Centropus sinensis greater coucal 2 (1) 4 (l) *
Centropus
bengalensis lesser coucal (3) (5) *
unidentified
malkoha 1 1
STRIGIDAE OWLS
Ninox scutulata brown hawk-owl 1 1
TROGONIDAE TROGONS
Harpactes Whitehead's
whiteheadi trogon 1 2
ALCEDINIDAE KINGFISHERS
Ceyx rufidorsa rufus-backed 2 2 *
kingfisher
MEROPIDAE BEE-EATERS
blue-throated
Merops viridis bee-eater 1 1
red-bearded
Nyctyornis amictus bee-eater 2 3
BUCEROTIDAE HORNBILLS
white-crowned
Aceros comatus hornbill 4 7 *
Aceros corrugatus wrinkled hornbill 2 3 *
Aceros undulatus wreathed hornbill 1 2
Anthracoceros Asian black
malayanus hornbill 1 1
Anthracoceros Oriental pied
albirostris hornbill 1 2
rhinocerous
Buceros rhinoceros hornbill 5 7 *
CAPITONIDAE BARBETS
Megalaima rafflesii red-crowned barbet 4 (1) 5 (3) 0
Megalaima
mystacophanos red-throated barbet 1 (1) 3 (1) *
Megalaima
pulcherrima (c) golden-naped barbet 1 1
Megalaima australis blue-eared barbet 5 (6) 51 (24) *
PICIDAE WOODPECKERS
Sasia abnormis rufus piculet 3 (1) 3 (1) *
crimson-winged
Picus uniceus woodpecker 1 1
Blythipicus
rubignosus maroon woodpecker 1 1
Celeus brachyurus rufus woodpecker 1 (1) 6 (1) *
EURYLAIMIDAE BROADBILLS
Eurylaimus black-and-yellow
ochromalus broadbill 1 (1) 1 (1) *
Cymbirhynchus black-and-red
macrorhynchus broadbill (1) (1) *
PITTIDAE PITTAS
Pitta moluccensis blue-wined pitta 1 1
CAMPEPHAGIDAE CUCKOO-SHRIKES
grey-chinned
Pericrocotus solaris minivet (1) (3) *
lesser
Coracina fimbriata cuckoo-shrike (1) (1)
IORAS AND
CHLOROPSEIDAE LEAFBIRDS
Aegithina tiphia common iora (2) (2) *
Aegithina
viridissima green iora 2 (1) 2 (1) *
Chloropsis lesser green
cyanopogon leafbird 3 (11) 7 (24) *
Chloropsis greater green
sonnerati leafbird 2 (2) 4 (4) *
unidentified
green leafbird (1) (1)
PYCNONOTIDAE BULBULS
Pycnonotus eutilotus puff-backed bulbul 1 (2) 1 (11)
Pycnonotus black-and-
melanoleucos white bulbul 3 (1) 14 (l)
Pycnonotus
atriceps black-headed bulbul 3 (12) 16 (49)
Pycnonotus plumosus olive-wined bulbul 7 (10) 48 (40) *
Pycnonotus brunneus red-eyed bulbul (1) (2)
Pycnonotus
erythrophthalmos spectacled bulbul 2 (1) 16 (l) *
Pycnonotus simplex cream-vented bulbul 1 (6) 2 (29) *
yellow-vented
Pycnonotus goiavier bulbul (1) (1)
Setornis criniger hook-billed bulbul 6 (23) 14 (50) *
Tricholestes
criniger hairy-backed bulbul 3 (2) 11 (3) *
Ixos malaccensis streaked bulbul 2 (4) 11 (17)
Iole olivacea buff-vented bulbul 1 10
Hypsipetes flavula ash bulbul (1) (1)
Alophoixus bres grey-cheeked bulbul 1 5
Criniger finschii Finsch's bulbul (3) (4)
red-eyed or cream- (1) (5)
vented bulbul
unidentified bulbul 5 (4) 76 (19)
ORIOLIDAE ORIOLES
Oriolus xanthorus black-hooded oriole 1 1
Asian
Irena puella fairy-bluebird 9 (13) 11 (20) *
CORVIDAE CROWS
Corvus enca slender-billed crow (2) (11)
TIMALIIDAE BABBLERS
sooty-capped
Malacopteron affine babbler 1 2 *
fluffy-backed
Macronous ptilosus tit-babbler 3 13
grey-throated
Stachyris nigriceps babbler 2 5
Stachyris black-throated
nigricollis babbler 1 10
white-necked
Stachyris leucotis babbler 2 12
chestnut-rumped
Stachyris maculata babbler 1 1
Stachyris chestnut-winged
erythroptera babbler (1) (2)
Trichastoma bicolor ferruginous babbler (1) (2) *
unidentified 1 1
babbler
TURDIDAE ROBINS
Copsychus
malabaricus white-rumped shama 2 3
Copsychus
saularis magpie-robin (6) (10) *
TAILORBIRDS &
SYLVIIDAE WARBLERS
Orthotomus mountain
cuculatus tailorbird 1 1
Orthotomus rufus-tailed
sericeus tailorbird 1 1
Orthotomus
ruficeps ash tailorbird (2) (6) *
Phylloscopus
borealis arctic warbler (1) (4)
MUSCICAPIDAE FLYCATCHERS
Malaysian blue
Cyornis turcosus flycatcher 1 1 *
Cyanoptila blue-and-white
cyanomelana flycatcher
white-throated
Rhipidura albicollis fantail 1 10 *
black-naped
Hypothymus azurea monarch 2 (1) 2 (1) *
Asian paradise
Terpsiphone paradisi flycatcher 2 (1) 2 (1)
SUNBIRDS AND
NECTARINIDAE SPIDERHUNTERS
Aethopyga siparaja crimson sunbird (5) (5) *
Anthreptes ruby-cheeked
singalensis sunbird (1) (1) *
Anthreptes simplex plain sunbird (2) (2)
Nectarinia copper-throated
calcostetha sunbird (3) (12) *
purple-throated
Nectarinia sperata sunbird (1) (2)
Arachnothera little
longirostra spiderhunter 1 (1) 1 (2) *
Arachnothera thick-billed
crassirostris spiderhunter 1 3
Arachnothera yellow-eared
chyogenys spiderhunter 1 1
Arachnothera long-billed
robusta spiderhunter (1) (2)
DICAEIDAE FLOWERPECKERS
Prionochilus scarlet-breasted
thoracicus flowerpecker (1) 4 3 (4) *
Prionochilus yellow-rumped
xanthopygius flowerpecker 3 (8) 16 (37) *
Prionochilus crimson-breasted
percussus flowerpecker (4) (15) *
Prionochilus yellow-breasted
maculatus flowerpecker 2 (5) 20 (23) *
Dicaeum yellow-vented
chrysorrheum flowerpecker 6 (12) 23 (76) *
plain
Dicaeum concolor flowerpecker 4 (11) 5 (35) *
scarlet-backed
Dicaeum cruentatum flowerpecker 1 (17) 3 (22) *
black-sided
Dicaeum monticolum flowerpecker 1 (1) 5 (1) *
Dicaeum orange-bellied
trigonostigma flowerpecker 1 (9) 10 (31) *
brown-backed
Dicaeum everetti flowerpecker (3) (5)
scarlet-headed
Dicaeum trochileum flowerpecker (1) (1) *
various
flowerpecker (3) (27)
WEAVERS/
PLOCEIDAE MUNIAS
Lonchura fuscans dusky munia (7) (18) *
(a) Counts in parentheses are of boys' hunting
(b) Positive identification (Pos. ID) was done by the author during
hunts or through examination of captures animals following hunts.
(c) This is a probable mis-identification as it is confirmed to
northern Borneo according to MacKinnon and Phillipps (1993:232)
Table 2. Sungai Sedik Mammal List (a)
Scientific Name English Name Iban Name
TUPAIIDAE TREESHREWS
common
Tupaia glis treeshrew tupai
mountain
Tupaia montana treeshrew tupai
slender
Tupaia gracilis treeshrew tupai
lesser
Tupaia minor treeshrew tupai
smooth-tailed
Dendrogale melanura tree shrew tupai
PTEROPODIDAE FRUIT BATS
Rousettus bare-backed kusing /
spinalatus rousette entamba'
Penthetor lucasi dusky fruit bat kusing
SHEATH-
EMBALLONURIDAE TAILED BATS
Emballonura lesser sheath-
monticola tailed bat kesinda
ROUNDLEAF
HIPPOSIDERIDAE BATS
Hipposideros fawn round
cervinus leaf bat kuca
VESPERTILIONIDAE COMMON BATS
Kerivoula papillose
papillosa woolly bat kecu
Tylonycteris
robustula greater bamboo bat kesinda
Glischropus thick-thumb
tylopus pipiistrelle kesinda
CERCOPITHECIDAE MONKEYS
Presbytis mela-
lophos cruciger banded langur bateh
white-fronted
Presbytis frontata langur puan
Macaca long-tailed
fascicularis macaque kera'
pig-tailed
Macaca nemestrina macaque nyumboh
HYLOBATIDAE GIBBONS
Hylobates muelleri Bornean gibbon empeliau
PONGIDAE APES
Pongo pygmaeus
pygmaeus orangutan maias
SCIURIDAE SQUIRRELS
Ratufa affinis giant squirrel engkerabak
Ratufa affinis
cothurnata giant squirrel engkerabak
Ratufa affinis
sandakanensis giant squirrel enLkerabak
tupai
Callosciurus bekarang /
prevostii Prevost's squirrel tuai po'
Callosciurus plantain squirrel tuai sibau
notatus
Sundasciurus horse-tailed
hippurus squirrel tuai
Sundasciurus Jentink's
jentinki squirrel tuai pantok
Sundasciurus
lowi Low's s uirrel tuai
Lariscus three- or four-
insignis/hosei striped ground tupai
squirrel sabang
Bomean
Dremonys mountain ground
everetti squirrel tupai pekek
Rhinosciurus shrew-faced
laticaudatus ground squirrel tupai tanah
Exilisciurus plain pygmy
exilis squirrel pukang
Whitehead's
Exilisciurus pygmy
whiteheadi squirrel pukang
Rheithrosciurus tufted ground
macrotis squirrel engkerampu'
unidentified
squirrel tupai
MURIDAE RATS
Rattus
argentiventor ricefield rat cit
Norway rat cit
HYSTRICIDAE PORCUPINES
Thecurus thick-spined
crassispinis porcupine landak
URSIDAE BEARS
Helarctus malayanus sun bear jugam
VIVERRIDAE CIVETS
Paradoxurus common
hermaphroditus palm civet munsang
masked
Paguma larvata palm civet merejang
Arctictis binturong binturong enturun
Arctogladia small-toothed munsang
trivirgata palm civet malon
SUIDAE PIGS
jani'
Sus barbatus bearded pig kampong
TRAGULIDAE MOUSEDEER
pelandoka
Tragulus javanicus lesser mousedeer gagas
greater pelandoka
Tragulus napu mousedeer tampin
BARKING
CERVIDAE DEER & DEER
Bornean red
Muntiacus muntjak barking deer kijang
Bornean yellow kijang
Muntiacus atherodes barking deer bera'
Cervus unicolor sambar deer rusa'
unidentified deer kijang
No. No.
Encoun- Animals Pos.
Scientific Name English Name ters Sighted ID (b)
TUPAIIDAE TREESHREWS
common
Tupaia glis treeshrew 1 1
mountain
Tupaia montana treeshrew 1 5
slender
Tupaia gracilis treeshrew 2 3 *
lesser
Tupaia minor treeshrew (1) (1)
smooth-tailed
Dendrogale melanura tree shrew 2 (2) 2 (2)
PTEROPODIDAE FRUIT BATS
Rousettus bare-backed
spinalatus rousette 1 1
Penthetor lucasi dusky fruit bat 2 200 *
SHEATH-
EMBALLONURIDAE TAILED BATS
Emballonura lesser sheath-
monticola tailed bat 1 50 *
ROUNDLEAF
HIPPOSIDERIDAE BATS
Hipposideros fawn round
cervinus leaf bat 1 100 *
VESPERTILIONIDAE COMMON BATS
Kerivoula papillose
papillosa woolly bat 1 100 *
Tylonycteris
robustula greater bamboo bat (1) (15) *
Glischropus thick-thumb
tylopus pipiistrelle (1) (5) *
CERCOPITHECIDAE MONKEYS
Presbytis mela-
lophos cruciger banded langur 2 15 *
white-fronted
Presbytis frontata langur 11 40 *
Macaca long-tailed
fascicularis macaque 3 22 *
pig-tailed
Macaca nemestrina macaque 16 200 *
HYLOBATIDAE GIBBONS
Hylobates muelleri Bornean gibbon 11 24 *
PONGIDAE APES
Pongo pygmaeus
pygmaeus orangutan 1 1
SCIURIDAE SQUIRRELS
Ratufa affinis giant squirrel 5 (1) 7 (1)
Ratufa affinis
cothurnata giant squirrel 8 (1) 16 (1) *
Ratufa affinis
sandakanensis giant squirrel
Callosciurus
prevostii Prevost's squirrel 20 (4) 20 (5)
Callosciurus plantain squirrel 6 (6) 21 (8)
notatus
Sundasciurus horse-tailed
hippurus squirrel 1 1
Sundasciurus Jentink's
jentinki squirrel 10 (2) 32 (2)
Sundasciurus
lowi Low's squirrel 3 (3) 7 (3) *
Lariscus three- or four-
insignis/hosei striped ground
squirrel 7 (1) 34 (1)
Bomean
Dremonys mountain ground
everetti squirrel 3 6
Rhinosciurus shrew-faced
laticaudatus ground squirrel 1 2
Exilisciurus plain pygmy
exilis squirrel 2 (1) 7 (1) *
Whitehead's
Exilisciurus pygmy
whiteheadi squirrel (1) (1)
Rheithrosciurus tufted ground
macrotis squirrel 1 1 *
unidentified
squirrel 2 (1) 5 (1)
MURIDAE RATS
Rattus
argentiventor ricefield rat 1 1 *
Norway rat (1) (1) *
HYSTRICIDAE PORCUPINES
Thecurus thick-spined
crassispinis porcupine 1 1 *
URSIDAE BEARS
Helarctus malayanus sun bear 1 2 *
VIVERRIDAE CIVETS
Paradoxurus common
hermaphroditus palm civet 2 3
masked
Paguma larvata palm civet 1 1
Arctictis binturong binturong 1 1 *
Arctogladia small-toothed
trivirgata palm civet 12 17 *
SUIDAE PIGS
Sus barbatus bearded pig 28 97 *
TRAGULIDAE MOUSEDEER
Tragulus javanicus lesser mousedeer 5 5 *
greater
Tragulus napu mousedeer 1 2 *
BARKING
CERVIDAE DEER & DEER
Bornean red
Muntiacus muntjak barking deer 17 21 *
Bornean yellow
Muntiacus atherodes barking deer 1 1
Cervus unicolor sambar deer 1 1
unidentified deer 1 1
(a) Counts in parentheses are of boys' hunting.
(b) Positive identification (Pos. ID) was done by the author during
hunts or through examination of captured animals following hunts.
Table 3. Animals Identified at Sungai Sedik outside of Hunting Study
Scientific Name English Name Than Name
Birds
Spizaetus cirrhatus changeable hawk-eagle lang
Ketupa ketupu buffy fish-owl lang empelako'
Sasia abnormis rufus piculet ketupong
Macronous gularis striped tit-babbler engkecong
Mammals
Ptilocercus lowii pintailed treeshrew tupai/cit
Rhinolophus trifoliatus trefoil horsehoe bat entawai
Nycticebus coucan slow loris bengkang
Lutra sumatrana hairy-nosed otter ringin
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