What is needed to protect African women's IPRs?The Review of TRIPs Article 27.3(b) should withdraw the obligation to provide any form of intellectual property on plant varieties or any other life forms. The full-scale Review of the entire TRIPs Agreement should invite a broad assessment of the costs and benefits of the agreement to developing and least developed countries. Particular attention should be paid to the application of TRIPs to biological diversity and how it will affect the economic resource base, indigenous knowledge, ethics and the terms of access to scientific information, as well as the control of society's food and medicine. The strengthening of IPR IPR Intellectual Property Rights IPR Inprocess/Inprogress Review IPR Industrial Property Rights IPR Institute for Policy Research (Northwestern University and University of Cincinnati) IPR Institute of Public Relations regimes should be pro-actively thwarted by other legal instruments related to biodiversity such as the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD (Component Based Development) Building applications with components (objects). See component software. CBD - component based development ) and the Food and Agricultureal Agency of the United Naitons (FAC FAC - Functional Array Calculator. An APL-like language, but purely functional and lazy. It allows infinite arrays. ["FAC: A Functional APL Language", H.-C. Tu and A.J. Perlis, IEEE Trans Soft Eng 3(1):36-45 (Jan 1986)]. ) Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources. Moves to construe IPR as a tool for benefit sharing with the South or as an option for indigenous peoples are based on faulty assumptions and a narrow assessment of the implications. The integration of gender analyses, perspectives and impact assessments in all WTO See World Trade Organization. policies, should occur through the use of gender desegregated data and gender and trade indicators. The WTO should institute a comprehensive training and sensitisation Noun 1. sensitisation - the state of being sensitive (as to an antigen) sensitization irritation - (pathology) abnormal sensitivity to stimulation; "any food produced irritation of the stomach" programme to raise awareness and understanding of gender issues. An independent focal point should be established to monitor the coherence and contradiction between the policies and practices of the WTO, IMF IMF See: International Monetary Fund IMF See International Monetary Fund (IMF). , and World Bank with regard to the programmes and operations of specialised UN agencies such as FAC, World Food Programme, the WHO, etc. It should also work to ensure the emerging cross-conditionalities between the international finance institutions (IFIs) and the WTO do not expand the power of international trade institutions above internationally agreed conventions such as those on human rights, Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW CEDAW Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (United Nations) CEDAW Component Explosives Damage Assessment Workbook (reference for blast effects software modeling) ) and others. The general assembly of the United Nations (UN) should establish a commission to examine the implications of incorporating agricultural trade (in terms of food security) and intellectual property rights (in terms of access to biological resources and technology) under the umbrella of the WTO. The UN Economic and Social Commission (UNECOSOC) should carry out a comprehensive social and gender sensitive review of the current process of trade liberalisation, trade expansion and trade intensification and their utility and efficacy for development, paying particular attention to the concerns of the poor and women. International trade agreements on agriculture should take into consideration the particular situation of women farmers in the South, who do not participate in commercial ventures but engage in farming for food self-sufficiency, as a family activity passed down from generation to generation. Small-hold farmers in the South are not able to compete and meet the obligations of international competition. Large-scale international commercial farmers pose a threat to them and to rural livelihoods as such. There should be an international commission to examine the transfer of existing and new technologies and how this transfer is constrained by the IPRS IPRS International Postgraduate Research Scholarships IPRS Institute of Psychological Research and Service (India) IPRS Intelligent Path Repeater Signalling regime of the multilateral trading system. Particular attention should be paid to the opportunities and challenges of technological development for women and marginal economic agents. Mary Wandia is a Documentalist doc·u·ment·al·ist n. A specialist in documentation. with the African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) Queues Dispositions: Faudrait-on prendre pour proteger les RPI RPI - Rockwell Protocol Interface des femmes africaines? Une revision de l'article 27.3(b) des DPIC DPIC Death Penalty Information Center DPIC Drug and Poison Information Center DPIC Design Professionals Insurance Company DPIC Double Pole Iron Clad Switch devrait permettre d'eliminer l'obligation de toute forme forme (form) pl. formes [Fr.] form. forme fruste (froost) pl. formes frustes an atypical, especially a mild or incomplete, form, as of a disease. de propriete intellectuelle sur une variete de plantes ou sur la vie dans toutes ses formes (language, music) Formes - An object-oriented language for music composition and synthesis, written in VLISP. ["Formes: Composition and Scheduling of Processes", X. Rodet & P. Cointe, Computer Music J 8(3):32-50 (Fall 1984)]. . Une revision totale de toute la Convention des DPIC devrait permettre d'etablir une evaluation generale des prix et des profits de la convention pour les pays en developpement et les pays les moins developpes. II serait convenable d'accorder une attention particuliere l'application des DPIC sur la diversie biologique et les moyens par lesquels cette application pourrait affecter la base de ressources economiques, la connaissance indigene, les ethiques et les termes d'acces I'information scientifique, de meme que le controle de nourriture et de medicaments dans la societe. II serait convenable que d'autres instruments legaux relatifs la bio-diversite tels que la Convention sur la Bio-diversite (CBD), l'Agence des Nations Unies pour l'Agriculture et la Nourriture (FAO FAO, n See Food and Agriculture Organization. ), l'Engagement sur les Ressources Genetiques de Plantes, contrecarrent le renforcement des regimes des RPI de maniere pro -- active. Des decisions visant a instituer RPI comme outil permettant le partage de benefices avec le Sud ou comme option pour les peuples indigenes sont basees sur de fausses suppositions et sur une evaluation de consequences bornee. II serait convenable d'incorporer l'integration, les perspectives et des evaluations de I'impact de genre, l'aide de donnees desagregees de genre ainsi que des evaluations de l'impact dans toutes les politiques de l'OMC. L'OMC devrait instituer un programme de formation et de conscientisation exhaustif permettant de sensibiliser et d'etablir une bonne n. 1. A female servant charged with the care of a young child. comprehension de questions relatives aux differences fondees sur le sexe. Un point focal independant devrait etre etabli pour surveiller des element harmonieux et ceux contradictoires entre les politiques et les pratiques de l'OMC, du FMI FMI Fondo Monetario Internacional (Spanish: International Monetary Fund) FMI Fonds Monétaire International FMI For More Information FMI Food Marketing Institute FMI Fundo Monetário Internacional et de la Banque Mondiale en ce qui concerne les programmes et operations des agences specialisees des NU telles que la FAO, World Food Programme, I'OMS, etc. Un tel point focal devrait aussi veiller ce que les conditionnalites crosiees emergeant entre les Institutions Financiers Internationales (IFI IFI International Financial Institutions (IMF, World Bank, etc.) IFI Institutt For Informatikk (Department of Informatics, University of Oslo) IFI Industrial Fasteners Institute ) et l'OMC n'agrandissent pas le pouvoir des institutions internationales de commerce au dessus de conventions etablies sur le plan international comme celles sur les droits de la personne, la Convention sur l'Elimination de toutes les Formes de Discrimination contre les Femmes (CEDEF CEDEF Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de Discrimination à l'égard des Femmes (French) ), etc. L'Assemblee Generale des Nations Unies (NU) devrait etablir une commission pour examiner les implications d'incorporation des Droits de Propriete Intellectuelle ( en termes d'acces aux ressources biologiques et technologiques) et de Commerce Agricole (en termes de securite alimentaire) dans le cadre de l'OMC. La Commission Economique et Sociale des NU (UNECOSOC) devrait effectuer une revision exhaustive sociale et sensible au genre sur le procede actuel de liberalisation, extension, et intensification du commerce et leur utilite et efficacite pour le developpement, en accordant une attention particulier aux pauvres et aux femmes. Les conventions internationales de commerce relatives l'agriculture devraient particulierement tenir compte de la situation des fermieres du Sud, qui ne participent pas dans les aventures commerciales mais sont impliquees dans l'agriculture de subsistence en tant qu'activite familiale transmise de generation en generation. Des cultivateurs modestes du Sud ne sont pas capables de se mesurer ni de satisfaire les obligations de la competition internationale. Les fermiers commerciaux de grande envergure constituent une menace pour ces fermiers du Sud ainsi que pour les moyens de vie au niveau rural. Une commission internationale devrait etre instituee pour examiner le transfert de nouvelles technologies existant ainsi que les limitations de ce transfert imposees par le regime des RPI du systeme commercial multilateral. II faudrait specialement considerer les chances et les defis de l'emancipation technologique des femmes et des agents economiques marginalises. Mary Wandia est Chargee du Plaidoyer au Reseau ré·seau or re·seau n. pl. réseaus or réseaux 1. A net or mesh foundation for lace. 2. Astronomy de Developpement et de Communications do la Femme Africaine. (FEMNET) |
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