U.S.-European love affair: forget the headlines. The money ties binding the world's' two largest economies are quietly strengthening.A great deal has been made of the festering fes·ter v. fes·tered, fes·ter·ing, fes·ters v.intr. 1. To generate pus; suppurate. 2. To form an ulcer. 3. To undergo decay; rot. 4. a. alienation between the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. and Europe, the two largest economic blocs in the world and ones that have been intertwined for centuries. Polls of the European public invariably in·var·i·a·ble adj. Not changing or subject to change; constant. in·var i·a·bil show hostility to U.S. government policy and abysmal
approval ratings for President George W. Bush. In the United States,
it's easy to detect hostility toward European countries that have
been critical of American foreign policy--toward France, most notably,
but also toward Germany and Spain. (Just watch a few minutes of
comedian-turned-neocon pundit An expert or knowledgeable person. From "pandit" in Hindi. See guru. Dennis Miller's CNBC CNBC Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (artificial intelligence)CNBC Consumer News and Business Channel CNBC Congress of National Black Churches, Inc. talk show, if you can bear it.) A series of trade disputes the ongoing feud over agricultural subsidies agricultural subsidies, financial assistance to farmers through government-sponsored price-support programs. Beginning in the 1930s most industrialized countries developed agricultural price-support policies to reduce the volatility of prices for farm products and to and the inability of the U.S. Congress to resolve illegal export tax breaks--has further poisoned the atmosphere. "On major strategic and international questions today," Robert Kagan Robert Kagan (born September 26, 1958 in Athens) is an American neoconservative scholar and political commentator. He graduated from Yale University in 1980. He later earned a Masters from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and a PhD from American University in wrote in an influential July 2002 Policy Review article, "Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus: They agree on little and understand one another less and less." Acts of economic isolation may garner large headlines--the New Jersey restaurateur res·tau·ra·teur also res·tau·ran·teur n. The manager or owner of a restaurant. [French, from restaurer, to restore; see restaurant. who poured out his French wine, the ongoing Euro campaigns against McDonald's. But executives, investors, consumers, and tourists are seeing through their rhetoric. Looking across a broad landscape of economic data, it's clear that Kagan is wrong--at least when it comes to commerce. In the past couple of years, the Years, The the seven decades of Eleanor Pargiter’s life. [Br. Lit.: Benét, 1109] See : Time Atlantic World has become more closely knit together, not rent further apart. Economic integration between the United States and Europe is deepening and growing stronger--despite significant disagreements over foreign, monetary, and fiscal policy. The Concorde may no longer fly, but people, goods, services, and cash dollars, euros and British pounds sterling are still speeding across the chilly maritime divide that separates the Old World from the New World. Let's go to the numbers. The broadest measure of economic integration--the absolute level of imports and exports has grown. Both U.S. imports from the Eurozone Eurozone Noun same as Euroland Eurozone n → eurozona, zona euro Eurozone n → zona euro and U.S. exports to the Eurozone are up--thanks to the insatiable American consumer and the strength of the euro. In 2003, according to the International Trade Administration, U.S. exports to Europe were $172 billion, up 5.1 percent from 2002--although still below the boom years of 2000 and 2001. Nearly a quarter of all U.S. exports go to Europe. The United States last year exported more goods and services In economics, economic output is divided into physical goods and intangible services. Consumption of goods and services is assumed to produce utility (unless the "good" is a "bad"). It is often used when referring to a Goods and Services Tax. to Europe than to its North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), accord establishing a free-trade zone in North America; it was signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and took effect on Jan. 1, 1994. counterparts Canada ($169.77 billion) and Mexico ($97.5 billion). U.S. total imports rose 8.5 percent in 2003 to $1.26 trillion. But imports from Europe grew at a faster pace--up 9.1 percent to $284.55 billion. Again, the United States imported more from Europe than it did from its individual NAFTA NAFTA in full North American Free Trade Agreement Trade pact signed by Canada, the U.S., and Mexico in 1992, which took effect in 1994. Inspired by the success of the European Community in reducing trade barriers among its members, NAFTA created the world's counterparts, and from Japan and China combined. Imports from France rose 3.5 percent to over $29 billion, and imports from Germany soared 8.9 percent to $68 billion--despite the fact that the dollar weakened against the euro in 2003. And these trends are continuing. For the first four months of 2004, U.S. exports to Europe are up 11.6 percent, while imports from Europe are up 12.7 percent. People are moving, too. The global tourism industry suffered a meltdown in 2001 and 2002 due to the rare synchronous recessions in the United States, Europe, and Japan, and the September 11 attacks September 11 attacks Series of airline hijackings and suicide bombings against U.S. targets perpetrated by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda. . But despite the greater hassles associated with travel, cross-Atlantic tourism is rising sharply again. According to the Travel Industry Association, U.S. arrivals from Europe grew by 1 percent in 2003 to 8.7 million. Not too impressive. But in the first four months of 2004, the figures have grown sharply--up 18.7 percent from 2003. Arrivals from France rose 12.7 percent; German arrivals rose 20.5 percent. Plainly, Old European tourists feel welcome in the United States. In 2002, the number of Americans traveling to Europe fell 12 percent to 10.677 million. And there were scattered signs of travel groups boycotting France in 2002 and 2003. But the allure of April in Paris and Provence in July seems to have overcome the ill will generated by Dominique de Villepin and Gerhard Schroder. In 2003, despite rising public antipathy and sharply reduced purchasing power Purchasing Power 1. The value of a currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods or services that one unit of money can buy. Purchasing power is important because, all else being equal, inflation decreases the amount of goods or services you'd be able to purchase. 2. , the number of Americans traveling to Europe rose 3 percent. And in the first two months of 2004, according to the International Trade Administration, the number of U.S. travelers to Europe was up 8 percent. This year could see the greatest number of Americans backpacking, biking, and eating their way through the Continent since the halcyon hal·cy·on n. 1. A kingfisher, especially one of the genus Halcyon. 2. A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, that was supposed to have had the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea days of 2000. Many of these transatlantic travelers are businessmen and women looking for Looking for In the context of general equities, this describing a buy interest in which a dealer is asked to offer stock, often involving a capital commitment. Antithesis of in touch with. deals. Virtually every day brings news of a cross-Atlantic deal. While none have been blockbusters, a la Daimler-Chrysler, the flow has been remarkably steady. Yahoo! in March bought French comparison-shopping service Kelkoo for $576 million. Goodyear Tire in June increased its investment in a Slovenian tire venture. French bank BNP BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide Physiology A 32-residue peptide hormone produced predominantly in the ventricles, secreted in response to fluid overload–eg, CHF. See Atrial natriuretic peptide. is buying U.S.-based Community First Bankshares tot $1.2 billion. Danaher Corp. agreed to pay $424 million for Kaltenbach & Voight, a German company that makes dental equipment. In June, First Data Corp. agreed to acquire the out sourcing operations of Greek information-technology company Delta Singular SA for $248 million, Viacom struck a deal to buy Germany broadcaster Viva Media, and OSI Pharmaceuticals bought a diabetes drag technology firm Probiodrug of Germany for $35 million. Italian sunglass company Luxottica has bid nearly half a billion dollars to take over U.S.-based Cole National. The deals range in size from tens of millions to hundreds of millions, and cover virtually every major industry: pharmaceuticals and financial services, technology and manufacturing, media and health care. Indeed, throughout 2003, foreign direct investment (FDI FDI See: Foreign direct investment ) in Europe by U.S. companies rose--even as the war broke out. According to Daniel Hamilton and Joseph Quinlan of Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University, mainly at Baltimore, Md. Johns Hopkins in 1867 had a group of his associates incorporated as the trustees of a university and a hospital, endowing each with $3.5 million. Daniel C. , co-authors of Partners in Prosperity: The Changing Geography of the Transatlantic Economy, U.S. FDI in Europe rose 30.5 percent to $87 billion--the highest level ever. That figure represented nearly two-thirds of all U.S. FDI. The main recipients: Germany and France. Meanwhile, European firms in 2003 invested $36.9 billion in the United States, up 42 percent from 2002. U.S. private equity firms have been particularly active in Europe recently. So far this year, U.S. buyout group Texas Pacific has agreed to buy a chemical business from German coal-miner RAG. Kohlberg, Kravis and Roberts is leading a consortium to purchase Dutch retailer Vendex. The Blackstone Group, which paid $3.8 billion for German chemical company Celanese, is considering setting up an office in Paris. Cerberus and Goldman Sachs' Whitehall Property Fund agreed to pay $2.4 billion to buy a portfolio of apartments from the Berlin city government. Hellman & Friedman, a California-based private equity firm, this summer opened a London office, the better to manage its European investments, which include stakes in German publisher Axel Springer and German broadcaster ProsiebenSat.1 Media AG--and to make new ones. Meanwhile, European investors have continued to put their euros to work in U.S. markets. In 2003, European investors purchased a net $282.45 billion in American securities--stocks, government bonds, corporate bonds, and other instruments--up 15.8 percent from 2002. What is it that European and American investors and businesses continue to see in one another? After all, emerging markets like China offer the prospects of greater returns, and Russia and Latin America offer virgin territory for many firms. Well, Americans and Europeans seeking growth and expansion in familiar markets need look no further than into one another's eyes. They won't see mirror images. But they will see reflections of themselves: two giant economies in which politics are stable, the rule of law prevails, intellectual property is protected, consumers are wealthy, and the infrastructure is robust. Since they generally finance acquisitions with debt, buy-out mavens seek stable businesses with relatively predictable cash flows at reasonable prices. Just as Europeans are attracted to the United States because their currency makes them wealthier they moment they set foot here, these opportunistic American investors find Europe attractive because stocks and companies tend to trade for lower multiples in Europe than in the United States, and because large companies--many of them state-owned--arc beginning to restructure. At the bottom of these trends lies a realization that companies bent on growth have to look beyond their home markets--whether those home markets lie in the United States of America UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The name of this country. The United States, now thirty-one in number, are Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, or the somewhat less united states of Europe The United States of Europe (sometimes abbreviated U.S.E. or USE) is a name given to several similar speculative scenarios of the unification of Europe, as a single nation and a single federation of states, similar to the United States of America, both as projected by . For American multinationals such as McDonald's, General Electric, and Coca-Cola, Europe accounts for a disproportionate share of their foreign earnings. For Europe-based multinationals like Unilever, Royal Dutch/Shell, and Siemens, the United States remains the single most important market. Striking out into new, untested markets can reap large returns. But it also carries the risk of huge losses. And for CEOs who are still shellshocked from late-1990s missteps, investing further in your most profitable markets is the path of least resistance Noun 1. path of least resistance - the easiest way; "In marrying him she simply took the path of least resistance" line of least resistance fashion - characteristic or habitual practice . Quite simply, the U.S.-European trade is where the money is. Today, according to Hamilton and Quinlan, the transatlantic economy generates $2.5 trillion in sales and employs 12 million workers. But some smaller numbers are as impressive, and as telling. Some 6.4 million U.S. workers work for foreign companies; of those, two-thirds are on the payrolls of European-affiliated firms. On the other side of the ledger, some 60 percent of U.S. research and development done outside the United States takes place in Europe. Painting by the numbers is a primitive form of art. But doing so can allow even unskilled painters to create vivid images. Looking at these numbers, it's hard not to conclude that while some ties between Europe and America may have frayed in recent years, the cords that link the world's two most powerful economies and markets together have been quietly strengthening. Daniel Gross writes the "Moneybox" column for Slate and contributes to the "Economic View" column in the Sunday New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of Times. |
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