Transforming a government library: the Wirtz Labor Library in the U.S. Department of Labor went digital in January 2008, but it was far from easy.

On March 4, 1913, just hour before leaving office, President William Howard Taft signed legislation the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Its mission in 1913 was to "foster, promote and develop the welfare of working people, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment " Socio-economic conditions have changed greatly since 1913, and new statutory responsibilities have expanded its scope, but the department's mission remains unchanged.

Helping the agencies within DOL to achieve this mission is one goal of the Wirtz Labor Library. Located at DOL and situated on Constitution Avenue at the foot of Capitol Hill, the library's holdings include approximately 140,000 titles, and it serves an average of 500 walk-in patrons a week. Additionally, the library serves 2,000 customers a week through its Web site. The library has both a general collection and a law library that serves 425 lawyers from the Office of the Solicitor. The library also serves those outside DOL, including researchers, college students and the general public from around the world. The collections include a wide variety of subjects, including labor and its history, labor unions, economic policy, theory, history, industrial relations, and the worker throughout history. The library also houses a sizeable collection of historic labor union newspapers.

When I arrived at the Wirtz Labor Library in June 2006, there had been a change in contractors. The library has been contractor-operated since 1988, with a federal librarian acting as director and as technical representative to the contracting officer. I found a traditionally styled library with a small staff. Positions included the director, a project manager, a law librarian, a cataloger, a cataloging technician, a reference librarian, a systems librarian, an accountant, and a general technician.

The contracting corporation in place in June 2006 had never done business with a library and never sought out and hired library staff. In a discussion of serials, the question was "what is a serial?" The contract provided for the salaries of the staff, and had $100,000 reserved for "equipment and supplies." The latter consisted of two dinosaur public copiers, toner cartridges, and paper. Clearly, changes needed to be made!

My Vision for Change

On Day One, I already had a major project in mind: to create a digital library to preserve some of the valuable, old and unique items in the collection, and offer them to the world as searchable full text from our Web site. I wanted to bring the library into the 21st century with technology and fast electronic access while continuing to preserve paper content.

One immediate obstacle to my vision was the staff. The staff configuration was very traditional in nature, with traditional job descriptions firmly established. This did not allow for creative thinking. I needed to outline my vision and take it to DOL's administration. My plan was to purchase equipment and software necessary to begin to digitize. It also involved scrutinizing the contract and contractor to see whether some changes could be made to accomplish the new vision.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

I went out on the road and talked with scanner and software vendors. Cost was most definitely an abstacle, but there was some end-of-year funding that might be available. I thought that all we needed to do was to purchase a scanner, begin scanning, and store the scans in a file on a computer or agency server. After that, we could creat a Web-based labor thesaurus and drill down level-by-level to get to the titles and documents themselves. Alternatively, we could simply incorporate a link to the electronic files in our online catalog. Then I learned that a software package could be purchased that would do everything for us. It sounded so easy!

I was under pressure to make a decision. June turned into August, and there was interest by the department in a digital library. Some funding, however, would only be available until the end of the fiscal year, September 30, so we needed to act fast.

A New Mission Statement

I was also rewriting a mission statement and folding it into a new "Statement of Work" that would ultimately allow us to make some improvements to the contract. Besides explicitly stating that the Wirtz Labor Library would move continually toward a more Web-oriented, electronic environment, it loosened the job descriptions. Employees were to be selected based both on their qualifications and on their interest in "thinking outside the box." New staff members would become part of a team effort not only to accomplish the traditional work but also to invent new ways of providing access to information and reaching out to the customer. Moreover, employees would be multitasking and would be dedicated to making the Internet a source for finding out about the Wirtz Labor Library and its resources.

Additionally, I contacted the Digital Library at the Library of Congress. My contact there was eager to show me what they had been up to. I saw scanners ranging from home-grown, LC-built equipment occupying their own dark rooms with page turning devices to off-the-shelf scanners that were more in our price range. We talked about software and server issues, and I watched as staffers with gloved hands treated archival materials as precious treasures.

The decision was difficult, but it had to be made quickly. I chose a black and white, off-the-shelf scanner without as many bells and whistles as I had hoped for. I also purchased a computer workstation and server to house the images, an Adobe Photoshop C52, and an Abbyy FineReader8.0.

In the final hours, DOL asked me if there was anything else I needed, and I said yes, I could use a software package to manage the images and provide a Web interface that could be customized for our own digital library! I thought this was it--all I'd need to do was select the material to be scanned and scan away!

The "Statement of Work" was revised, and the department was onboard with a recomplete of the library's services contract. We were looking for a company that could help us manage a traditional library and move us forward in creating a digital library. We believed the Wirtz Labor Library was finally heading into the 21st century with the latest in digital technology. This would surely help us to better serve our current users while attracting new ones.

Funding Problems

I went to our IT office to ask for assistance and permissions. What I had expected would take three months ended up taking many months. Our IT office got involved and asked many questions about what we planned and what the department might actually allow. They agreed we could set up our new server in a test environment, but access privi leges were a problem. Also, we had not been able to pay to have the software completely installed by the vendor--not enough funds. Oh, we thought, we can do it ourselves; after all, we had our own systems librarian! Even with the many talents of our new, eager staff, it was a tough job getting all parties to agree on processes, procedures, security and the obstacles they presented.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Meanwhile, the request for proposals didn't go out until the current contractor had been signed on for another half-year option. A DOL technical team was formed to review proposals. All of the seven new proposals presented themselves as teams of two vendors, one with library background and the other with IT and digital background. A new contract was awarded. Around this time, unfortunately, we lost two or three staff members who had been job hunting out of fear they might lose their jobs in a contract change. (They found new jobs.) The new contractor came in and immediately let two more staff members go because they had been working as subcontractors.

We also lost the systems librarian during the transition, so our Digital Library Program was stuck. Fortunately, one of the new contractors heard about the stagnation of the program. On a temporary basis, he hired a technology genius, who got us back in business. Meanwhile, we worked on a labor taxonomy, developed a customized digital platform, and developed a program description.

Digital Library Launched

The Digital Library was launched in January 2008. It's an ongoing program that will progress slowly. The team is composed of a digital imaging technician, a systems technician, a cataloger, a reference librarian and the project manager. Its area of operation will include uncopyrighted public-sector materials, except where we are able to gather permissions. The digital collection will be historic in nature and offer greater access to our worldwide customers.

It will also allow us to remove from general circulation items that are old and brittle. These items can be preserved by being removed from general circulation. With its new digital component in place, the Wirtz Labor Library is finally and truly moving into the 21st century! SLA 

JEAN BOWERS is a professional librarian with 25 years in the federal government community. She spent 15 years at the Library of Congress, six years with the Department of Commerce's National Technical Information Service as Director of the Office of Database Services, and is currently Director of the Wirtz Labor Library at the U.S. Department of Labor in Washington, D.C.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]