Traditional medicinal plants of the Dusun Tobilung of Kampong Toburon, Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia.Abstract A documentation of the traditional medicinal medicinal /me·dic·i·nal/ (mi-dis´in-il) having healing qualities; pertaining to a medicine. me·dic·i·nal adj. Of, relating to, or having the properties of medicine. plant knowledge and knowledge of their uses by the Dusun Dusun is the collective name of a tribe or ethnic and linguistic group in the Malaysian state of Sabah. They are now also known as Kadazan-Dusuns. A small minority of Dusuns can also be found in Brunei where they are defined by the constitution to be one of the seven Bumiputera Tobilung was conducted in 1999 in Kampong Toburon, Kota Belud Kota Belud is a town located in West Coast Division, in the center of Sabah, east Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Its population was estimated to be around 72337 in 2000, almost evenly divided between ethnic Dusun and Bajau. , Sabah Sabah (sä`bä), state (1991 pop. 1,736,902), 28,417 sq mi (73,600 sq km), Malaysia, N Borneo, on the South China and Sulu seas. It is bordered on the south by Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). . Based on interviews with seventeen informants within the study site, information on the traditional medicinal plants medicinal plants, plants used as natural medicines. This practice has existed since prehistoric times. There are three ways in which plants have been found useful in medicine. was classified according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. their vernacular ver·nac·u·lar n. 1. The standard native language of a country or locality. 2. a. The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language. See Synonyms at dialect. b. and Malay Malay: see Malayan. Malay Any member of an ethnic group that probably originated in Borneo and expanded into Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. They constitute more than half the population of Peninsular Malaysia. names, scientific and family names, parts of plants used and uses. A total of forty-nine species of plants from thirty-three families are hereby reported. All of the plants were collected within the study site. Interestingly only four out of thirty-four plants were cultivated cultivated, n in herbal medicine, used to describe plants that are commercially farmed rather than collected from the wild. by the villagers while the rest were found growing as garden weed weed, common term for any wild plant, particularly an undesired plant, growing in cultivated ground, where it competes with crop plants for soil nutrients and water. or in the forest. Introduction Arthur Arthur, king of Britain: see Arthurian legend. Arthur king and hero of Scotland, Wales, and England. [Arthurian Legend: Parrinder, 28] See : Heroism (1954) pioneered research into ethnic Materia Medica materia medica: see pharmacology. in Sabah. Ensuing en·sue intr.v. en·sued, en·su·ing, en·sues 1. To follow as a consequence or result. See Synonyms at follow. 2. To take place subsequently. studies on the uses of plants in traditional Dusun medicine included that on the Dusun uses of ceremonial plants (Wati 1978), Dusun/Kadazan of Tambunan Tambunan is a town located in Interior Division of Sabah, east Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Tambunan is situated within the parliamentary constituency of Keningau. Its population was estimated to be around 19,760 in 1991, almost entirely Dusun. (Guntavid 1983, 1992), Dusun/Kadazan in Sabah (Ahmad 1993), Dusun in Kampong Sayap (Ahmad 1995), Kadazan/Dusun of Tambunan (Kulip 1996), Kadazan/Dusun of Kuala Penyu Kuala Penyu is a town located in Interior Division of Sabah, east Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Its population was estimated to be around 16,511 in 2000, with ethnic Kadazan or Dusun Tatana forming the largest single ethnic group. (Kulip 1999) and Kadazandustm Tatana ofKuala Penyu (Hj. Ibrahim et al. 2002). The Dusun Tobilung community in Kampong Taburon was chosen as the site for the present study as it is the ethnic community of one of us (G. Pasok). Kampong Toburon (6[degrees]30'N 116[degrees]30'E) is situated approximately 48 km away from Kota Belud town (Tangah and Wong 1995). It is surrounded sur·round tr.v. sur·round·ed, sur·round·ing, sur·rounds 1. To extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle. 2. To enclose or confine on all sides so as to bar escape or outside communication. n. by the Crocker and Sir James Brooke For the American journalist, see . The Rajah of Sarawak, Sir James Brooke, KCB, LL.D (29 April 1803 – 11 June 1868) was a British statesman. His father Thomas Brooke was English; his mother Anna Maria was born in Hertfordshire, England, the daughter of Scottish peer Ranges. The main mode of transportation is by pick-up truck. The joumey takes approximately one and one-half hours. Kampong Toburon is divided into Kampong Toburon Damang, headed by village headman Mr. Anggun Ripou, and Kampong Toburon Tembulawan, headed by Mr. Madsikoh Sombion. The study site is dominated by Dusun Tobilung, the majority of whom are paddy farmers and live in bamboo bamboo, plant of the family Gramineae (grass family), chiefly of warm or tropical regions, where it is sometimes an extremely important component of the vegetation. It is most abundant in the monsoon area of E Asia. houses built on stilts This article is about the poles. For the type of bird, see stilt. For other uses, see Stilts (disambiguation). Stilts are poles, posts or pillars used to allow a person or structure to stand at a certain distance above the ground. . Objective of Study The objective of the study was to document knowledge of traditional medicinal plants and their uses by the Dusun Tobilung of Kampong Toburon, Kota Belud. Methodology Information was compiled by the direct interview as well as rapid appraisal method using questionnaires. Plant specimens collected were preserved in ethanol ethanol (ĕth`ənōl') or ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH, a colorless liquid with characteristic odor and taste; commonly called grain alcohol or simply alcohol. prior to drying in the laboratory. Specimens were identified using keys and cross referencing with other herbaria. Results and Discussion Information on the traditional medicinal plants of the Dusun Tobilung, their scientific, vernacular and Malay names, uses, parts of plants used, distribution status, informants and voucher A receipt or release which provides evidence of payment or other discharge of a debt, often for purposes of reimbursement, or attests to the accuracy of the accounts. numbers are listed in Table 1. Nearly all the informants were in the 45 and above age group and six of them were women. Only two of them were known healers healers, people who treat illness or suffering by calling forth divine help or by attempting to control the body with the mind and spirit. Since prehistoric times healers have used such techniques as anointing with oil, the laying on of hands, and prayer. or bobolians while the rest have knowledge of traditional medicinal plants but were not bobolians. All the informants had acquired knowledge of traditional medicinal plants from a family member. In every village only one to two people were well-versed with the use(s) of the plants in traditional medicine. On the average, youths demonstrated a lack of knowledge or experience compared to the more senior members of the community on the uses of traditional medicinal plants. Nearly all members of the community approached who were below the age of 45 years preferred visiting the Government hospital in Kota Marudu Kota Marudu is a tiny district of Kudat Division, Malaysia with approximately 19.17 square kilometres of land and a population in 2000 of more than 58,841 people, made up mainly by Dusun, Bajau,Bugis,Orang Brunei, Orang Sungai and Chinese (Hakka and Hokkien). and using Western medicine versus traditional medicinal plants in treating even non-life threatening ailments because Western medicine took effect quickly and was easier to use. Conclusion The documentation of traditional knowledge is inherently important as it provides necessary reference for effective policymaking pol·i·cy·mak·ing or pol·i·cy-mak·ing n. High-level development of policy, especially official government policy. adj. Of, relating to, or involving the making of high-level policy: for the preservation of the natural environment and national heritage. Its importance as cultural evidence can no longer be denied in light of diminishing di·min·ish v. di·min·ished, di·min·ish·ing, di·min·ish·es v.tr. 1. a. To make smaller or less or to cause to appear so. b. knowledge.
Table 1. List of traditional medicinal plants of the Dusun Tobilung
Scientific name Tobilung name Malay name
ANNONACEAE
Polyalthia insignis Dolipanas Mempisang
APOCYNACEAE
Alstonia macrophylla Mengalang Setinggi
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus Komburongo Jerangau
COMPOSITAE
Eupatoria odoratum Sojar/Konsuma Rumput Jepun
COMPOSITAE
Blumea balsamifera Tawawo Daun sambung
CONVULVACEAE
Indet Tawar tangau --
CRASSULACEAE
Kalanchoe pinnata Kapal Sedingin
CYPERACEAE
Kylinga brevifolia Kingkimut Rumput teki
DILLENIACEAE
Dillenia suffruticosa Doringin Simpoh air
DILLENIACEAE
Tetracera scandena Pampan Mempelas
EUPHORBIACEAE
Croton argyratus Litak Merlokan
EUPHORBIACEAE
Jatropha curcas Susumalong Jarak Belanda
EUPHORBIACEAE
Phyllanthus amarus Koronipon Dukung anak
EUPHORBIACEAE
Ricinus communis Rangasan Jarak besar
GRAMINAE
Paspalum sp. Kulubung tambang --
GRAMINAE
Cymbopogon nardus Sogumau tandaa Serai wangi
GRAMINAE
Dinochloa scandenis Wadan Root
HYPERICACEAE
Cratoxylum sumatranum Morugion --
LABIATAE
Ocinum sanctum Bawing kuda Selasih
LAURACEAE
Litsea odorifera Tandas Padang mawas
LAURACEAE
Cinnamomum iners Magkapur Teja
LEGUMINOSAE
Derris elliptica Limpodos/tubo/gam Tuba
ut
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia occidentalis Kurubawa manuk --
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia alata Kurubawai Gelenggang
LEGUMINOSAE
Dalbergia sp. Kowilan --
LILIACEAE
Indet. Tawar tokoro --
MALVACEAE
Urema lobata Tondolupang Pulut-pulut
MALVACEAE
Sida rhombifolia Kotopon wogok Seleguri padang
MARANTHACEAE
Donax cannaeformis Lias Bemban gajah
MELASTOMACEAE
Melastoma malabathricum Golosing/galata Senduduk
MENISPERMACEAE
Fibraurea chloroleuca Tonsisitou Akar mengkunyit
MYRTACEAE
Psidium guajava Bayabas Jambu batu
OLEACEAE
Chinanthus phriflorus Lampada tikus --
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida Tampasak Letup-letup
PALMAE
Areca catechu Tingaton Pinang
PIPERACEAE
Piper samentosum Dangkar Kadok
RUBIACEAE
Neonaucleae gigantean Sintap --
RUBIACEAE
Psychotria goysulosa Siroromuk --
RUBIACEAE
Uncaria acidi Langkawit --
RUBIACEAE
Mussaenda frondosa Baliadok --
RUTACEAE
Murraya koenigii Tontuk pelanuk Daun kari
RUTACEAE
Citrus microcarpa Limau nipis Limau nipis
SIMAROUBACEAE
Brucea javanica Riringit Lada pahit
STERCULIACEAE
Pterospermum sp. Sungkolingan Bayur
THYMELAEACEAE
Wikotroemia
adrosaemifolia Sinantali --
UMBILLIFERAE
Centella asiatica Tolingo ralan Pegaga
VERBENACEAE
Callicarpa longifolia Gonggoloput --
VITACEAE/LEEACEAE
Leea indica Tatip-tatip Mali-mali
ZINGIBERACEAE
Alpinia conchingera Mayo-layo Lengkuas ranting
Scientific name Part used Application
ANNONACEAE
Polyalthia insignis Fruit, stem "Susuk" (#)
APOCYNACEAE
Alstonia macrophylla Sap To treat epileptic
seizures
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus Stem To ward off evil and
evil behavior
COMPOSITAE
Eupatoria odoratum Leaves To treat cuts
COMPOSITAE
Blumea balsamifera Whole plant To treat gastrospasms
CONVULVACEAE
Indet Leaves As anti-inflammation
CRASSULACEAE
Kalanchoe pinnata Whole plant As antipyretic
CYPERACEAE
Kylinga brevifolia Fruit To treat boils
DILLENIACEAE
Dillenia suffruticosa Leaves To treat headaches
DILLENIACEAE
Tetracera scandena Sap Invigorating
EUPHORBIACEAE
Croton argyratus Bark To ward off evil and
evil behavior
EUPHORBIACEAE
Jatropha curcas Bark, leaves To treat sprains
EUPHORBIACEAE
Phyllanthus amarus Roots To treat ailments
involving the liver
EUPHORBIACEAE
Ricinus communis To treat temporary
deafness
GRAMINAE
Paspalum sp. Leaves As antidote for bodily
pains
GRAMINAE
Cymbopogon nardus Ruas As postpartum aid
GRAMINAE
Dinochloa scandenis Sap To treat visible ulcers
or tumors
HYPERICACEAE
Cratoxylum sumatranum Bark To ward off evil and
evil behavior
LABIATAE
Ocinum sanctum Leaves To soothe rashes and
eczema
LAURACEAE
Litsea odorifera Bark, roots As anti-hypertensive
LAURACEAE
Cinnamomum iners Bark, roots To treat tuberculosis
LEGUMINOSAE
Derris elliptica Stem Stops crying
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia occidentalis Roots To treat hoarseness
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia alata Leaves To treat rashes and
eczema
LEGUMINOSAE
Dalbergia sp. Leaves To treat colds
LILIACEAE
Indet. Isi bawang To treat hernia
MALVACEAE
Urema lobata Stem As anti-inflammation
MALVACEAE
Sida rhombifolia Roots As antidote for poison
MARANTHACEAE
Donax cannaeformis Sap from shoots To treat conjunctivitis
MELASTOMACEAE
Melastoma malabathricum Roots, leaves To treat cuts
MENISPERMACEAE
Fibraurea chloroleuca Sap from stem Invigorating
MYRTACEAE
Psidium guajava Leaves To treat gastrospasms
OLEACEAE
Chinanthus phriflorus Roots To eliminate toothaches
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida Whole plant To treat asthma
PALMAE
Areca catechu Fruit To treat cuts
PIPERACEAE
Piper samentosum Leaves As antipyretic
RUBIACEAE
Neonaucleae gigantean Leaves To eliminate headaches
RUBIACEAE
Psychotria goysulosa Sap from stem To eliminate headaches
RUBIACEAE
Uncaria acidi Leaves To eliminate toothaches
RUBIACEAE
Mussaenda frondosa Leaves To eliminate headaches
RUTACEAE
Murraya koenigii Roots To treat gingivitis
RUTACEAE
Citrus microcarpa Whole plant As antidote for poison
SIMAROUBACEAE
Brucea javanica Leaves To treat gastrospasms
STERCULIACEAE
Pterospermum sp. Bark To ward off evil and
evil behavior
THYMELAEACEAE
Wikotroemia
adrosaemifolia Bark To eliminate headaches
UMBILLIFERAE
Centella asiatica Leaves To treat tinnitus
VERBENACEAE
Callicarpa longifolia Leaves To eliminate headaches
VITACEAE/LEEACEAE
Leea indica Leaves To eliminate headaches
ZINGIBERACEAE
Alpinia conchingera Rhizome As anti-inflammation
Scientific name Informant
ANNONACEAE
Polyalthia insignis 15
APOCYNACEAE
Alstonia macrophylla 5
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus 4
COMPOSITAE
Eupatoria odoratum 5
COMPOSITAE
Blumea balsamifera 7
CONVULVACEAE
Indet 11
CRASSULACEAE
Kalanchoe pinnata 15
CYPERACEAE
Kylinga brevifolia 1
DILLENIACEAE
Dillenia suffruticosa 14
DILLENIACEAE
Tetracera scandena 14
EUPHORBIACEAE
Croton argyratus 13
EUPHORBIACEAE
Jatropha curcas 8
EUPHORBIACEAE
Phyllanthus amarus 8
EUPHORBIACEAE
Ricinus communis 14
GRAMINAE
Paspalum sp. 14
GRAMINAE
Cymbopogon nardus 10
GRAMINAE
Dinochloa scandenis 6
HYPERICACEAE
Cratoxylum sumatranum 10
LABIATAE
Ocinum sanctum 16
LAURACEAE
Litsea odorifera 10
LAURACEAE
Cinnamomum iners 10
LEGUMINOSAE
Derris elliptica 13
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia occidentalis 10
LEGUMINOSAE
Cassia alata 17
LEGUMINOSAE
Dalbergia sp. 4
LILIACEAE
Indet. 15
MALVACEAE
Urema lobata 11
MALVACEAE
Sida rhombifolia 13
MARANTHACEAE
Donax cannaeformis 10
MELASTOMACEAE
Melastoma malabathricum 2
MENISPERMACEAE
Fibraurea chloroleuca 15
MYRTACEAE
Psidium guajava 2
OLEACEAE
Chinanthus phriflorus 14
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida 13
PALMAE
Areca catechu 4
PIPERACEAE
Piper samentosum 4
RUBIACEAE
Neonaucleae gigantean 10
RUBIACEAE
Psychotria goysulosa 10
RUBIACEAE
Uncaria acidi 10
RUBIACEAE
Mussaenda frondosa 10
RUTACEAE
Murraya koenigii 10
RUTACEAE
Citrus microcarpa 3
SIMAROUBACEAE
Brucea javanica 10
STERCULIACEAE
Pterospermum sp. 13
THYMELAEACEAE
Wikotroemia adrosaemifolia 14
UMBILLIFERAE
Centella asiatica 14
VERBENACEAE
Callicarpa longifolia 9
VITACEAE/LEEACEAE
Leea indica 10
ZINGIBERACEAE
Alpinia conchingera 10
Acknowledgments We express heartfelt heart·felt adj. Deeply or sincerely felt; earnest. heartfelt Adjective sincerely and strongly felt: heartfelt thanks Adj. 1. thanks to the people of Kampong Toburon for their cooperation and generosity Generosity See also Aid, Organizational; Kindness. Abbé Constantin self-sacrificing priest; curé of Longueral. [Fr. Lit.: The Abbé Constantin, Walsh Modern, 105] Amelia takes interest in Paul. [Br. Lit. . We also thank the District Office in Kota Belud, staff of the Herbarium herbarium, collection of dried and mounted plant specimens used in systematic botany. To preserve their form and color, plants collected in the field are spread flat in sheets of newsprint and dried, usually in a plant press, between blotters or absorbent paper. Muzium Negeri Sabah and Herbarium of the Forest Research Centre in Sepilok, Sandakan, Sabah. Funding from the University in the form of a short-term Short-term Any investments with a maturity of one year or less. short-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss on the value of an asset that has been held less than a specified period of time. grant (UMS (Unified Messaging System) See unified messaging. 44/98) to M. M. Yusoff, is also gratefully acknowledged. References Arthur, H. R. 1954 A Phytochemical phy·to·chem·i·cal n. A nonnutritive bioactive plant substance, such as a flavonoid or carotenoid, considered to have a beneficial effect on human health. Survey of Some Plants of North Borneo North Borneo or British North Borneo: see Sabah, Malaysia. . d. Pharm. Pharmacol. 6:66-72n, kultus dan hokum adat di Sabah. Kota Kinabalu Kota Kinabalu (kōt`ə kĭn'əbəl  `), formerly Jesselton, town (1991 pop. : Sabah Foundation. 159 pp.
Ahmad, F. 1993 Medicinal Plants used by the Dusun/Kadazan Community in Sabah. Sabah Museum Journal, 1(1):15-17. 1995 Medicinal Plants used by the Dusun Community in Kg. Sayap, Ranau. IN: G. Ismail and L. B. Din, eds., A Scientific Journey Through Borneo. Sayap-Kinabalu Park, Sabah. Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur (kwä`lə l  m`pr), city (1990 est. pop. : Pelanduk Publications,
pp. 145-155.
Guntavid, J. P. 1983 Tinjauan awal tumbuh-tumbuhan ubatan tradisional negeri Sabah. BSc Honors Thesis. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia) was established in May 1970. It is located in Bangi, Selangor which is about 35 km south of Kuala Lumpur. There is also a teaching hospital in Cheras and a branch campus in Kuala Lumpur. (Sabah). 1992 Traditional Medicinal Plants: Their uses by the Tangala Murut and the Dusun/Kadazan of Tambunan. A Paper presented at the Borneo Research Council Second Biennial biennial, plant requiring two years to complete its life cycle, as distinguished from an annual or a perennial. In the first year a biennial usually produces a rosette of leaves (e.g., the cabbage) and a fleshy root, which acts as a food reserve over the winter. Conference, 13-17 July, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Hj. Ibrahim, S., N. Linsin, J. Kulip and M. M. Yusoff 2002 An Annonated Checklist of the Medicinal Plants of the Kadazandusun Tatana of Kuala Penyu. Paper presented to the Borneo Research Council Seventh Biennial Seminar, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) is the ninth Malaysian public university located in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and was established on November 24 1994. His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong proclaimed the establishment of UMS under Section 6(1) of the Universities and , Kota Kinabalu. Kulip, J. 1996 A Survey of Indigenous Plants Used for Food and Medicine by the Kadazandusun Ethnic in Tambunan, Sabah, East Malaysia East Malaysia: see Malaysia. . A Paper presented at the Borneo Research Council Fourth Biennial, 10-15 June, Bandar Seri Bengawan, Brunei Darussalam. 1999 Medicinal Plants of KadazanDusun of Kuala Penyu, Sabah. Paper presented at the Fourth Sabah Inter-Agency Tropical Ecosystem (SITE), Shangri-La Tanjong Am, Kota Kinabalu. Tangah, J. and K. M. Wong 1995 A Sabah Gazetter. Sabah. Sandakan: Sabah Forestry Department. Wati, A. 1978 Dusun--satu tinjauan dalam konteks kepercayaan, kultus dan hokum adat di Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Foundation. M. M. Yusoff, * B. Ahmad & G. Pasok Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia * Corresponding author. E-mail: mashitah@ums.edu.my; telephone: 088-320135; fax: 088-320291. |
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