Trading Handbook helps water quality managers achieve cleaner watersheds.Water quality trading has gained increasing attention as an innovative approach for achieving water quality goals at lower cost. Where it is the appropriate tool, trading is a powerful and effective market-based approach to achieving cleaner water. Because the innovation of trading is unfamiliar to many, watershed watershed, elevation or divide separating the catchment area, or drainage basin, of one river system or group of river systems from another system or group of systems. The term is also often used synonymously with drainage basin. managers and stakeholders Stakeholders All parties that have an interest, financial or otherwise, in a firm-stockholders, creditors, bondholders, employees, customers, management, the community, and the government. may ask how to determine whether trading will work in a particular watershed. The Water Quality Trading Assessment Handbook is designed to help users answer this question on the basis of the actual circumstances CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence. The particulars which accompany a fact. 2. The facts proved are either possible or impossible, ordinary and probable, or extraordinary and improbable, recent or ancient; they may have happened near us, or afar off; they are public or and information in a specific watershed. Using a hypothetical Hypothetical is an adjective, meaning of or pertaining to a hypothesis. See:
pertaining to or emanating from analysis. analytical control control of confounding by analysis of the results of a trial or test. framework that can be used in any watershed to evaluate the conditions and water quality problem(s) and determine if water quality trading might effectively address local conditions. It also illustrates how to assess the relative costs of controlling key pollutant pol·lut·ant n. Something that pollutes, especially a waste material that contaminates air, soil, or water. sources in the watershed to decide whether cost differences would make trading financially attractive to watershed participants. Three current trading-program designs are reviewed to illustrate different approaches that can be used to provide essential functions of a trading program such as ensuring compliance with the Clean Water Act and executing and tracking specific trades. The Water Quality Trading Assessment Handbook discusses the necessity of engaging a wide range of watershed stakeholders in discussions about water quality trading and program design. Finally, it anticipates issues and questions that may arise. The handbook focuses on conducting an analysis to determine whether watershed scale trading is likely to be viable in a particular watershed once environmental and economic factors are considered. It assumes some familiarity with water quality trading and the basic mechanisms by which trading is implemented. Readers seeking a basic introduction to water quality trading should visit the U.S. EPA EPA eicosapentaenoic acid. EPA abbr. eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, n.pr See acid, eicosapentaenoic. EPA, n. Web site www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/trading.htm, including the Frequently Asked Questions section and the 2003 Water Quality Trading Policy section. Examples of trading projects across the country can also be found at the Web site. Paper copies of the handbook can be ordered free of charge through the National Service Center for Environmental Publications at (800) 490-9198, or by e-mail at ncepimal@one.net. You can also read and download To receive a file transmitted over a network. In any communications session, "download" means receive, and "upload" means send. The download/upload often implies a big/little scenario, in which data is being downloaded from the "big" server into the "little" user's computer. the handbook at www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/trading/handbook/. |
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