Think Tanks: Who's Hot And Who's Not.The results of a new study comparing economic think tank visibility in the media. In recent years, think tanks have become an increasingly visible mechanism for presenting informed knowledge and policy expertise. Both within Washington's Beltway and across the country, the total number of think tanks has grown considerably. What does this trend imply? First, think tanks are exerting more and more influence policymakers, academic circles, and the media. Influence is an ambiguous term and the source of much confusion. For the purposes of this report, we can understand influence within the context of the bridge that think tanks provide between research and the policymaking pol·i·cy·mak·ing or pol·i·cy-mak·ing n. High-level development of policy, especially official government policy. adj. Of, relating to, or involving the making of high-level policy: process. Think tank scholars are economists, political scientists, and sociologists whose careers have, for some, led them through the corridors of government to the halls of research. A second implication of the proliferation proliferation /pro·lif·er·a·tion/ (pro-lif?er-a´shun) the reproduction or multiplication of similar forms, especially of cells.prolif´erativeprolif´erous pro·lif·er·a·tion n. of think tanks is the increased specialization A career option pursued by some attorneys that entails the acquisition of detailed knowledge of, and proficiency in, a particular area of law. As the law in the United States becomes increasingly complex and covers a greater number of subjects, more and more attorneys are of their research areas. "Full service" institutes that cover the vast spectrum of foreign policy and domestic economics studies are now difficult to establish. Smaller but more specialized spe·cial·ize v. spe·cial·ized, spe·cial·iz·ing, spe·cial·iz·es v.intr. 1. To pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of study. 2. institutes are intensifying in·ten·si·fy v. in·ten·si·fied, in·ten·si·fy·ing, in·ten·si·fies v.tr. 1. To make intense or more intense: the competition for ideas affecting policymaking. How do think tanks, therefore, differentiate their own research from that of their competitors? This brings us to the third implication of think tank proliferation, namely the increase in what Kent Weaver
The Weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical calls the "user-friendliness" of these institutes. After all, how do think tanks survive? The short answer is that they get people to listen. And to this end, they are distributing more and more digestible digestible having the quality of being able to be digested. digestible energy the proportion of the potential energy in a feed which is in fact digested. digestible protein see digestible protein. policy briefs to their target audiences in addition to more traditional studies. The other component crucial to think tank survival is funding. Funders frequently ask for indicators of think tank effectiveness and impact on the policymaking process. But it is difficult to prove impact because scholarly ideas will take various routes to implementation and will experience several refinements before they change public policy decisions. Indeed, a number of scholars are often capable of claiming "paternity The state or condition of a father; the relationship of a father. English and U.S. Common Law have recognized the importance of establishing the paternity of children. " for any finalized See finalization. policy idea that makes an impact. Many private funders prefer to donate money to those think tanks exhibiting impact, direct or indirect, on policy. A think tank can make itself heard through several major avenues of influence. In this study, I have attempted to quantify Quantify - A performance analysis tool from Pure Software. the visibility of major think tanks using measures of press visibility as my gauge. The first and most basic channel is through public education, facilitated by writing op-ed pieces for newspapers and magazines. Scholars can also be interviewed by journalists. In both cases, scholars cannot necessarily ascertain the flow of information, nor whether the information they disseminate dis·sem·i·nate v. dis·sem·i·nat·ed, dis·sem·i·nat·ing, dis·sem·i·nates v.tr. 1. To scatter widely, as in sowing seed. 2. actually reaches its intended audience. Still, measuring the number of citations is a good place to begin our evaluation of a think tank's or a scholar's effectiveness. The second avenue of influence is through testimony before congressional heatings. Again, it is practically impossible to measure the impact of heatings on policymaking. Pronounced biases may have already emerged, as with a scholar who becomes a "favorite" and is frequently asked to testify To provide evidence as a witness, subject to an oath or affirmation, in order to establish a particular fact or set of facts. Court rules require witnesses to testify about the facts they know that are relevant to the determination of the outcome of the case. . Nevertheless, cataloguing who testifies and how often is a valid indication of influence. I have also included an table with statistics for leading academic/university-based economists who are most visible in the public policy debate. Alan Blinder Alan Stuart Blinder (October 14, 1945 - ) is an American economist, on the faculty of Princeton University, and was an adviser to John Kerry during the latter's 2004 presidential campaign. He graduated from Syosset High School in Syosset, New York. , Rudiger Dornbusch, Martin Feldstein Martin Stuart "Marty" Feldstein (born November 25, 1939 in New York City) is an American economist. He is currently the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and the president and CEO of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). , Paul Krugman Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist. Krugman, a liberal, is currently a professor of economics and international affairs at Princeton University. , and Jeffrey Sachs Jeffrey David Sachs (born November 5, 1954, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American economist known for his work as an economic advisor to governments in Latin America, Eastern Europe, the former Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union, Asia, and Africa. are widely recognized as some of the most influential non-think tank or government-based economists. They are often referred to for applied economics research and timely economics commentary. In general, the data offer a valuable basis of comparison of the impact of think tank-based scholars on policymaking. To see whom the press and Congress consult when economic policy debate becomes critical, the sample period I considered was from July July: see month. 1, 1997 through June June: see month. 30, 1999, when the global financial crisis was breaking. To view a full and updated version of this report, you may go to the following Website: http://n.ruble.tripod.com This article has multiple issues: * It may contain original research or unverifiable claims. * It needs additional references or sources for verification. . Top Tanks 1. Brookings Brookings, city (1990 pop. 16,270), seat of Brookings co., E S.Dak., on the Big Sioux River; inc. 1883. A trade center in a livestock and grain region, Brookings is an important seed-processing point. 2. Institute for International Economics 3. American Enterprise Institute The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) is a conservative think tank, founded in 1943. According to the institute its mission "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American freedom and democratic capitalism — limited government, Top Talkers 1. Fred (Friendly Rollabout Engineered for Doctors) A mobile medical conferencing unit. See videoconferencing. 1. FRED - Robert Carr. Language used by Framework, Ashton-Tate. 2. Bergsten 2. Robert Robert, Henry Martyn 1837-1923. American army engineer and parliamentary authority. He designed the defenses for Washington, D.C., during the Civil War and later wrote Robert's Rules of Order (1876). Noun 1. Litan 3. Nicolas Lardy lard n. The white solid or semisolid rendered fat of a hog. tr.v. lard·ed, lard·ing, lards 1. To cover or coat with lard or a similar fat. 2. The Competitors The American Enterprise Institute (AEI AEI American Enterprise Institute AEI Archive of European Integration AEI Australian Education International AEI Automotive Engineering International AEI Australian Education Index AEI Albert Einstein Institute ) The Brookings Institution Brookings Institution, at Washington, D.C.; chartered 1927 as a consolidation of the Institute for Government Research (est. 1916), the Institute of Economics (est. 1922), and the Robert S. Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government (est. 1924). (Brookings) The Cato Institute "Cato" redirects here. For Cato, see Cato. The Institute's stated mission is "to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace" by striving "to achieve (Cato) The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP) is a non-profit think tank which describes itself as a "policy organization ... working at the federal and state levels on fiscal policy and public programs that affect low- and moderate-income families and individuals. (CBPP CBPP see contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. ) The Economic Policy Institute (EPI EPI exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. ) The Economic Strategy Institute (ESI (Edge Side Includes) A markup language for Web pages that enables elements of a Web page to be dynamically assembled in servers distributed throughout the Internet. ) The Heritage Foundation (Heritage) The Hudson Institute The Hudson Institute is a corporatist-leaning U.S. think tank, founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by the futurist Herman Kahn and other colleagues from the RAND Corporation. (Hudson Hudson, towns, United States Hudson. 1 Industrial town (1990 pop. 17,233), Middlesex co., E central Mass., on the Assabet River, in an apple-growing region; settled c.1699, inc. 1866. ) The Institute for International Economics (IIE See Apple II. ) The Milken Milk´en a. 1. Consisting of milk. Institute (Milken) The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI (1) (Pixels Per Inch) The measurement of the resolution of a monitor or scanner. For example, a monitor that is 16 inches wide and displays 1600 pixels across its width would have a resolution of 100 ppi (1600 divided by 16). ) The Urban Institute (Urban) Most Cited On A Per Scholar Basis: IIE IIE economists are cited, on a per scholar basis, more than the other think tanks considered. Its 28 citations per scholar rank higher than Brookings, with 21 per scholar, followed by ESI with slightly above 16, AEI with approximately 9 citations per scholar, and Urban and Cato with close to 8 citations per scholar. Total think tank citations are somewhat misleading as not all think tanks have the same size research staff, let alone overhead. In terms of weighted impact, citations per scholar is the measure of most relevance for average quality and reach of an institution. [GRAPH OMITTED] Most Cited Economist (Worldwide): Bergsten Fred Bergsten of lie figures as the most cited think tank-based economist in the total press (U.S. press, international press, and economics press). There are 11 Brookings scholars in the top 30, including 3 in the top 5; five AEI scholars in the top 30; three ESI scholars in the top 30; three lie scholars in the top 31, including 2 in the top 5. Scholar Think Tank Focus Total Press Bergsten, Fred IIE Int. 154 (1) Litan, Robert Brookings Dom./Int. 128 (2) Lardy, Nicholas Brookings Int. 92 (3) Reischauer, Robert Brookings Dom. 80 (4) Goldstein, Morris IIE Int. 68 (5) Moore, Stephen Cato Dom. 62 (6) Mastel, Greg ESI Int. 52 (7) Prestowitz, Clyde ESI Int. 49 (8) Moon, Marilyn Urban Dom. 46 (9) Bernstein, Jared EPI Dom. 40 (10) Glassman, James AEI Dom./Int. 39 (11) Aaron, Henry Brookings Dom. 35 (12) Reynolds, Alan Hudson Int. 34 (13) Gale, William Brookings Dom. 32 (14) Posen, Adam lIE Int. 31 (15) Hassett, Kevin AEI Dom./Int. 29 (16) Chimerine, Lawrence ESI Int. 28 (17) Makin, John AEI Dom./Int. 27 (18) Lindsey, Lawrence AEI Dom./Int. 26 (19) Gaddy, Clifford Brookings Int. 23 (20) Katz, Bruce Brookings Dom. 22 (21) Bosworth, Barry Brookings Int. 21 (22) Lav, Iris CBPP Dom. 20 (23) Rector, Robed Heritage Dom. 20 (23) Greenstein, Robert CBPP Dom. 19 (25) Tanner, Michael Cato Dom./Int. 19 (25) Burtless, Gary Brookings Dom./Int. 18 (27) Stein, Herbert AEI Dom. 18 (27) Crandall, Robert Brookings Dom./Int. 16 (29) Lincoln, Edward Brookings Int. 16 (29) Ranking of most cited think tank scholars in the total press in parenthesis parenthesis: see punctuation. The left parenthesis "(" and right parenthesis ")" are used to delineate one expression from another. For example, in the query list for size="34" and (color = "red" or color ="green") ; July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1999 U.S. Press: The Big Four Consider how visible the sample of think tanks was in the four most prominent American American, river, 30 mi (48 km) long, rising in N central Calif. in the Sierra Nevada and flowing SW into the Sacramento River at Sacramento. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of daily newspapers: The Washington Post, The Washington Post, The Morning daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the dominant paper in the U.S. capital and one of the nation's leading newspapers. Established in 1877 as a Democratic Party organ, it changed orientation and ownership several times and faced New York Times, The New York Times, The Morning daily newspaper, long the U.S. newspaper of record. From its establishment in 1851 it has aimed to avoid sensationalism and to appeal to cultured, intellectual readers. Wall Street Journal, and USA Today USA Today National U.S. daily general-interest newspaper, the first of its kind. Launched in 1982 by Allen Neuharth, head of the Gannett newspaper chain, it reached a circulation of one million within a year and surpassed two million in the 1990s. . * The total number of think tank economics citations published by the first three influential newspapers over the period is strikingly similar at about 340 citations. USA Today, for its part, is half as likely as the rest to refer to think tank scholars, with 154 total citations. * Brookings is three times as likely to be cited in The Washington Washington, town, England Washington, town (1991 pop. 48,856), Sunderland metropolitan district, NE England. Washington was designated one of the new towns in 1964 to alleviate overpopulation in the Tyneside-Wearside area. Post as the nearest think tanks, Cato and IIE. Brookings is also the most cited think tank on economics topics in The New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of Times and USA Today. The Wall Street Journal refers mostly to AEI economists. * Brookings' economists appear as the most cited for domestic economics topics in the U.S. press, more than twice as likely to be cited than AEI in second place. Five other think tanks split the remaining domestic citations relatively evenly. * IIE scholars are the most cited economists for international economics expertise in the U.S. press. Brookings' economists are the next most likely to be referred to for insight on international economics with ESI close behind. These three institutes capture almost all (82%) of the international citations in the leading U.S. newspapers. * Both Brookings and lie scholars are cited, on a per scholar basis, more often than the other think tank scholars in the U.S. press. Their economists average slightly more than 14 citations during the two-year time period. ESI counts 10 citations per scholar in the U.S. press. Urban Institute and Cato scholars are next most cited, with about 7 citations per scholar. AEI and EPI score a little above 6 citations per scholar. Most Cited In Media: Brookings * The Brookings Institution figures as the most cited think tank in the sample for economics citations, gathering 30% of the citations in the total written media. IIE is second most cited overall, with 19% of the citations, AEI third with 11%, and ESI with 9%. Several institutions (6 out of 12) generate each 4% or less of the citations (Figure 1). [Figure 1 ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] * Brookings is the most cited think tank for economics topics in the U.S. press; lie is the most cited think tank in the international press; Brookings is also the most cited think tank on economics topics in the economics publications (Figure 2). [Figure 2 ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Most Cited Economist (U.S. Press): Robert Litan * Robert Litan of Brookings figures as the most cited think tank-based economist in the U.S. press. Fred Bergsten of IIE is second, and Robert Reischauer, then with Brookings and now heading the Urban Institute, is third. * Overall, there are 4 Brookings scholars in the top 10 most cited in the U.S. press, and 8 in the top 30. lie registers 2 scholars in the top 10 most cited in the U.S. press and 3 in the top 30. AEI has 6 in the top 30 but none in the top 10. Cato counts 3 scholars in the top 30, with 1 in the top 10. ESI counts 3 scholars in the rankings. Scholar Think Tank Focus U.S. Press Litan, Robert Brookings Dom./Int'l 100 (1) Bergsten, Fred IIE Int'l 76 (2) Reischauer, Robed Brookings Dom. 70 (3) Moore, Stephen Cato Dom. 58 (4) Lardy, Nicholas Brookings Int'l 47 (5) Moon, Marilyn Urban Dom. 44 (6) Goldstein, Morris IIE Int'l 39 (7) Aaron, Henry Brookings Dom. 32 (8) Bernstein, Jared EPI Dom. 32 (8) Mastel, Greg ESI Int'l 32 (8) Prestowitz, Clyde ESI Int'l 29 (11) Reynolds, Alan Hudson Int'l 28 (12) Gale, William Brookings Dom. 26 (13) Glassman, James AEI Dom./Int'l 24 (14) Chimerine, Lawrence ESI Int'l 20 (15) Makin, John AEI Dom./Int'l 20 (15) Lav, Iris CBPP Dom. 18 (17) Greenstein, Robert CBPP Dom. 17 (18) Hassett, Kevin AEI Dom. 17 (18) Rector, Robert Heritage Dom. 17 (18) Stein, Herbert AEI Dom. 17 (18) Tanner, Michael Cato Dom. 17 (18) Gaddy, Clifford Brookings Int'l 15 (23) Lindsey, Lawrence AEI Dom./Int'l 15 (23) Posen, Adam IIE Int'l 13 (25) Bosworth, Barry Brookings Dom./Int'l 12 (26) Hahn, Robert AEI Dom. 12 (26) Mitchell, Daniel Heritage Dom. 12 (26) Niskanen, William Cato Dom. 12 (26) Lincoln, Edward Brookings Int'l 11 (30) Ranking of most cited think tank scholars in the U.S. press in parenthesis; July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1999 Most Cited By Economics Press: Brookings What about the three of the most influential and popular economics publications, namely The Economist, Foreign Affairs foreign affairs pl.n. Affairs concerning international relations and national interests in foreign countries. , and Business Week? * Brookings represents almost half of the citations in the economics press, IIE represents almost a quarter, Heritage and EPI account for 6% each, and AEI and ESI come in at 5% and 4%, respectively. The other think tanks in the sample account for 0-2% each. [GRAPH OMITTED] * Brookings is almost twice as likely to be cited in The Economist for economics expertise as IIE. IIE gains equal "visibility" to Brookings in Foreign Affairs. And Business Week appears to rely primarily on Brookings for economics citations, while lie and EPI are a distant second and third. * IIE counts almost 3 citations per scholar in the economics press and Brookings slightly more than 2. All the other think tanks register less than one citation Citation (foaled 1945) U.S. Thoroughbred racehorse. In four seasons he won 32 of 45 races, finished second in ten, and third in two. He won the 1948 Triple Crown, and became the first horse to win $1 million. He set a world record in 1950 by running a mile in 1:33 3/5. per scholar in the economics press. * The economics press refers to Brookings scholars on domestic economics topics more than all the other think tanks combined. It also appears that the economics press turns specifically to IIE and Brookings for international economics commentary. As one would expect, the total number of citations on international economics topics is almost double the total number of citations on U.S. domestic economics topics among these three magazines. Most Personal Appearances on the Hill: Rivlin Rivlin (Hebrew: ריבלין) may refer to:
The data reveal that Alice Rivlin Alice Mitchell Rivlin (born March 4, 1931 in Philadelphia) is an economist, a former U.S. Cabinet official, and an expert on the budget. She is currently on the board of directors of the New York Stock Exchange. Rivlin is an alumna of The Madeira School, earned a B.A. of Brookings has testified on the Hill about economics topics more than any other think tank economist in this study. Fred Bergsten of IIE and Wendell Wendell is a name that has many uses: Places
Most Cited By International Press: IIE Compare the numbers collected from international newspapers intended for English 1. English - (Obsolete) The source code for a program, which may be in any language, as opposed to the linkable or executable binary produced from it by a compiler. The idea behind the term is that to a real hacker, a program written in his favourite programming language is speakers: Financial Times, Asian Wall Street Journal, Wall Street Journal Europe, and The International Herald Tribune International Herald Tribune Daily newspaper published in Paris. It has long been the staple source of English-language news for American expatriates, tourists, and businesspeople in Europe. . * In this batch of international sources, IIE scholars are the most cited. Their 29% of overall citations ranks ahead of Brookings' 23% share. ESI economists are the third most cited in the international press with a 12% share of visibility in the international press; AEI is fourth with 10%; Hoover 7%; Heritage 6%; Hudson 4%; and EPI 4%. Five of 13 think tanks represent 3% or less of the citations in the international press. * IIE ranks far ahead of the other think tanks in citations per scholar in the international press. It counts 11 citations per scholar, second highest being ESI with about 6 citations per scholar, and Brookings with 4 citations per scholar in the international press. Most Appearances Before Congress: Heritage And Brookings * The results indicate that Brookings and Heritage economists lead the sample in terms of absolute number of appearances before Congress. Moreover, when they do appear, they comment more widely on domestic economics issues than they do on international economics topics. AEI, which is third in number of appearances, also tends to testify more frequently on domestic economics topics, although it is recognized for its international economics commentary as well. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] * Not surprisingly, the think tanks specializing in the study of international economics make a strong showing before Congress on international trade matters. IIE economists, in particular. are almost twice as likely as the next leading think tank economists to deliver testimony on international economics topics (21 for IIE versus 11 for AEI, ESI, and Heritage). Most Personal Appearances on the Hill: Rivlin The data reveal that Alice Rivlin of Brookings has testified on the Hill about economics topics more than any other think tank economist in this study. Fred Bergstein of IIE and Wendell Primus of the CBPP are tied for second. Scholar Think Tank Total Rivlin, Alice Brookings 11 (1) Bergsten, Fred IIE 8 (2) Primus, Wendell CBPP 8 (2) Burtless, Gary Brookings 6 (4) Butler, Stuart Heritage 6 (4) Cohen, Ariel Heritage 6 (4) Hahn, Robert AEI 6 (4) Lindsey, Lawrence AEI 6 (4) Steuerle, Eugene Urban 6 (4) Beach, William Heritage 5 (10) Glassman, James AEI 5 (10) Greenstein, Robert CBPP 5 (10) Penner, Rudolph Urban 5 (10) Reischauer, Robert Brookings 5 (10) Schott, Jeffrey lie 5 (10) Sweeney, John Heritage 5 (10) Vasquez, Ian Cato 5 (10) Chimerine, Lawrence ESI 4 (18) Makin, John AEI 4 (18) Litan, Robert Brookings 4 (18) Scott, Robert EPI 4 (18) Leading think tank economists appearing before Congress; July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1999 Most Hill Appearances (International Economic Issues): Bergsten and Schott Fred Bergsten appears as the think tank economist most likely to comment before Congress on international economics issues, and his lie colleague Jeffrey Schott is tied for second with John Sweeney John Sweeney is the name of:
International
Economics
Scholar Think Tank Topics
Bergsten, Fred IIE 8 (1)
Schott, Jeffrey IIE 5 (2)
Sweeney, John Heritage 5 (2)
Vasquez, Ian Cato 5 (2)
Chimerine, Lawrence ESI 4 (5)
Lindsey, Lawrence AEI 4 (5)
Makin, John AEI 4 (5)
Griswold, Daniel Cato 3 (8)
Mastel, Greg ESI 3 (8)
Rivlin, Alice Brookings 3 (8)
Leading think tank economists appearance before congress on international economics topics; July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1999 Summary In Brief
Total US Press Intl Press
Cities Cities Cities
AEI 177 128 43
Brookings 526 367 100
Cato 119 104 13
CBPP 64 57 5
EPI 95 71 16
ESI 149 90 54
Heritage 95 60 28
Hudson 41 22 19
IIE 311 159 121
Milken 14 8 4
PPI 11 9 1
Urban 69 66 0
Total 1671 1141 404
Econ. Press
Cities Testimony
AEI 6 27
Brookings 59 36
Cato 2 19
CBPP 2 14
EPI 8 10
ESI 5 11
Heritage 7 36
Hudson 0 7
IIE 31 21
Milken 2 0
PPI 1 2
Urban 3 15
Total 126 198
July 1, 1997-June 30, 1999 Notables And Quotables: The Big Nine (Think Tank Vs. Non-Think Tank Economists)
The Wash. The NY The USA
Post Times WSJ Today
Begsten, Fred 28 30 23 4
Blinder, Alan 5 25 25 8
Bornbusch, Rudiger 9 16 21 4
Feldstein, Martin 7 41 26 3
Krugman, Paul 19 65 10 10
Litan, Robert 34 34 16 17
Reischauer, Robert 61 46 34 22
Rivlin, Alice 24 0 24 17
Sachs, Jeffrey 28 66 7 2
Total 215 323 186 87
The Asian WSJ IHT
FT WSJ Europe
Begsten, Fred 30 34 23 5
Blinder, Alan 14 16 12 0
Bornbusch, Rudiger 15 16 19 2
Feldstein, Martin 18 26 21 2
Krugman, Paul 74 40 23 2
Litan, Robert 2 7 12 1
Reischauer, Robert 3 0 10 0
Rivlin, Alice 24 17 26 0
Sachs, Jeffrey 56 27 22 7
Total 236 183 168 19
The Foreign Business
Economist Affairs Week
Begsten, Fred 9 2 5 193
Blinder, Alan 3 3 4 115
Bornbusch, Rudiger 6 1 16 125
Feldstein, Martin 9 6 3 162
Krugman, Paul 17 10 8 278
Litan, Robert 4 1 7 135
Reischauer, Robert 3 0 1 180
Rivlin, Alice 3 0 1 136
Sachs, Jeffrey 17 6 4 242
Total 71 29 49 1195
These totals do not count citations from James Glassman's Washington Post column or Paul Krugman's column in The New York Times; July 1, 1997 - June 30, 1999 Nicolas S. Ruble is a freelance writer. This article is drawn from his report, "An Assessment of American Think Tank Visibility in the Media." |
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