The science of "dread".New research shows that people who substantially dread an adverse experience have a different biology than those who better tolerate the experience. Dr. Gregory Berns of Emory University Emory University (ĕm`ərē), near Atlanta, Ga.; coeducational; United Methodist; chartered as Emory College 1836, opened 1837 at Oxford. It became Emory Univ. in 1915 and in 1919 moved to Atlanta. School of Medicine and his colleagues used MRI 1. (application) MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2. MRI - Measurement Requirements and Interface. imaging to observe brain activity patterns in non-drug abusers who were awaiting brief electrical shocks (the adverse experience). The subjects were given the option of a larger shock to occur in a shorter period of time, or a smaller shock after a longer period of time. The scientists noted two groups: "extreme dreaders," who could not tolerate a delay and preferred an immediate (and stronger) painful stimulus; and "mild dreaders," who could tolerate a delay for a milder shock. The findings suggest that dread derives, in part, from attention--and is not simply a fear or anxiety reaction. Continuing to use drugs despite expecting a bad outcome is a hallmark hallmark, mark impressed on silverwork or goldwork to signify official approval of the standard of purity of the metal, also called plate mark. The hallmark was introduced by statute in England in 1300 and enforced by the Goldsmiths' Hall, London. of addiction. The results of this study form the foundation for future research to determine whether drug abusers drug abuser n → chi fa uso di droghe exhibit disruption disruption /dis·rup·tion/ (dis-rup´shun) a morphologic defect resulting from the extrinsic breakdown of, or interference with, a developmental process. in the brain systems that process "dread"--the anticipation of unpleasant consequences. |
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