The organisation of the Imperial Camel Brigade, 1916-1918 Part 2.As described in Part 1 (1), by the end of 1917 the Imperial Camel Brigade's order of battle had settled down into the structure that it was to retain until its disbandment dis·band v. dis·band·ed, dis·band·ing, dis·bands v.tr. To dissolve the organization of (a corporation, for example). v.intr. 1. in June 1918. The second part of this paper examines the establishments of the Imperial Camel Brigade brigade Military unit commanded by a brigadier general or a colonel and composed of two or more subordinate units, such as regiments or battalions. Two or more brigades make up a division. units as they existed during this period. Imperial Camel Brigade Headquarters By present day standards, the Imperial Camel Brigade Headquarters was a lean organisation. It establishment is summarised in Table 2. In summary there were 7 Officers, 29 Other Ranks, Egyptian Camel Drivers with 4 Riding Horses, 36 Riding Camels and 6 Baggage Camels Source War Establishment No 699/20-Headquarters Imperial Camel Brigade. 30 August 1917. Camel Battalion battalion Tactical military organization composed of a headquarters and two or more companies, batteries, or similar units and usually commanded by a field-grade officer such as a lieutenant colonel. Organisation The Camel Battalion used a combination of Infantry infantry, body of soldiers who fight in an army on foot and are equipped with hand-carried weapons, in contradistinction originally to cavalry and other branches of an army. and Mounted Infantry Mounted infantry were soldiers who rode horses instead of marching, but actually fought on foot with muskets or rifles. The original dragoons were essentially mounted infantry. terminology. The basic sub-unit was a "Group" of four men. In the first Camel Company establishment seven Groups plus a Headquarters formed a "Section" commanded by a Subaltern SUBALTERN. A kind of officer who exercises his authority under the superintendence and control of a superior. . Four Sections plus a Headquarters formed a "Company". In its original form, the Camel Company consisted of five officers and 125 other ranks as shown in Table 3. There were no machine guns in the Company. Officers were armed with a revolver revolver: see small arms. revolver Pistol with a revolving cylinder that provides multishot action. Some early versions, known as pepperboxes, had several barrels, but as early as the 17th century pistols were being made with a revolving chamber to and other ranks with a rifle. In late August 1916, as a result of operational experience by the provisional Temporary; not permanent. Tentative, contingent, preliminary. A provisional civil service appointment is a temporary position that fills a vacancy until a test can be properly administered and statutory requirements can be fulfilled to make a permanent appointment. Camel Battalion that formed part of Lieutenant Colonel Smith's Mobile Column during the advance eastwards east·ward adv. & adj. Toward, to, or in the east. n. An eastward direction, point, or region. east after the Battle of Romani The Battle of Romani took place near the Egyptian town of Romani which lies 23 miles east of the Suez Canal near the Mediterranean shore of the Sinai peninsula. On the night of August 3, 1916, an Ottoman army, under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, attacked , the number of Groups in a Section was increased from seven to eight. At the same time, a Lewis Gun Section with three guns--one officer and 14 other ranks--was added to the Camel Company establishment. It was originally intended to add only two Lewis guns per Company. However, during operations stoppages caused by sand were very frequent. The third Lewis gun was added to ensure that two guns would always be in action. A number of other specialist positions were added to enhance the combat power of the Camel Company. A Company Sergeant Major A Company Sergeant Major (CSM) is the senior non-commissioned soldier of a company in the armies of many Commonwealth countries, responsible for standards and discipline. In combat, his prime responsibility is the supply of ammunition to the company. , a Quartermaster Sergeant See Sergeant. See also: Quartermaster , a Veterinary Sergeant, eight signallers and a medical orderly orderly /or·der·ly/ (or´der-le) an attendant in a hospital who works under the direction of a nurse. or·der·ly n. An attendant in a hospital. were added to Company Headquarters. The Company establishment was now six officers and 179 other ranks. The revised Company establishment is shown in Table 4. In contrast to the Light Horse-Mounted Rifles-Yeomanry regiments of the Desert Mounted Corps The Desert Mounted Corps was a World War I Allied army corps that operated in the Middle East (Sinai and Palestine) during 1917 and 1918. Originally formed as the Desert Column in February 1917 under the command of General Sir Philip W. , the Camel Battalions possessed endurance Endurance See also Longevity. Atalanta feminine name denotes power of endurance. [Gk. Myth.: Jobes, 148] Boston marathon famous 26-mile race held annually for long-distance runners. [Am. Pop. Culture: Misc. and combat power that the horsed units lacked. The camelier deployed with 300 rounds of ammunition This article is largely based on the article in the out-of-copyright 11th edition of the Encyclopdia Britannica, which was produced in 1911. It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). with another 200 rounds per man in the Company reserve. He carried five days rations and water for himself and five days forage forage Vegetable food, including corn and hay, of wild or domestic animals. Harvested, processed, and stored forage is called silage. Forage should be harvested in early maturity to avoid a decrease in protein and fibre content as crops mature. for his camel. The camel could go for five days without a drink; and in an emergency this period could be extended provided it had access to some rough herbage HERBAGE, English Law, A species of easement, which consists in the right to feed one's cattle on another man's ground. . When mounted, horsed units could move rapidly over long distances when the going was good and ample water was available. The troopers Troopers in the United States civilian police forces usually refer to members of state highway patrols, state patrols, or state police agenciess. arrived relatively fresh and, if suitable cover was available, the horses could be ridden close to the enemy before going into dismounted action. The fact that they always had their horses handy also enabled mounted units to break off an engagement and withdraw with much greater ease than Infantry. But in action, the horsed units lacked the weight and staying power of the Infantry. Approximately, one quarter of the mounted unit was required to "hold horses". The Camel Battalion provided a valuable compromise between the mobility and flexibility of the mounted regiments and the endurance of the Infantry. The camels could not be galloped up as close to the enemy as horses but required fewer men to look after them aider they had been "barraked"--made to kneel down. One camelier for every 12-16 camels became the norm for "camel holders". Camels also proved to be more placid plac·id adj. 1. Undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet. See Synonyms at calm. 2. Satisfied; complacent. [Latin placidus, from than horses under artillery artillery, originally meant any large weaponry (including such ancient engines of war as catapults and battering rams) or war material, but later applied only to heavy firearms as opposed to small arms. fire or air attack and more stoical sto·ic n. 1. One who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief, pleasure, or pain. 2. Stoic A member of an originally Greek school of philosophy, founded by Zeno about 308 when wounded. Camels, however, suffered heavy casualties in the rugged terrain and the cold, wet conditions they experienced in southern Palestine in the winter of 1917-1918. These conditions caused severe injuries to the soft pads of the camel's feet and many camels broke a leg when they slipped on the sodden sod·den adj. 1. Thoroughly soaked; saturated. 2. Soggy and heavy from improper cooking; doughy. 3. Expressionless, stupid, or dull, especially from drink. 4. Unimaginative; torpid. v. slopes of the Judean hills. No 1 Mountain Battery, Hong Koug & Singapore No 1 Mountain Battery was manned by both British and Indian personnel. A summary of personnel and animals is shown in Table 6. The Battery was equipped with six 2.75 inch BL mountain guns organised into three sections of two guns each. Two to the older pattern 10-pounder mountain guns that the Battery had originally been equipped with were retained as antiaircraft guns antiaircraft gun Artillery piece fired from the ground or shipboard in defense against aerial attack. They were first used in combat in World War I, when field artillery were converted to antiaircraft use by mountings that enabled them to fire nearly vertically. . The establishment also included an ammunition column An ammunition column consists of military vehicles carrying artillery and small arms ammunition for the combatant unit to which the column belongs. Thus the ammunition columns of a division, forming part of the brigades of field artillery, carry reserve ammunition for the guns, the to transport the Battery's first line ammunition. While the majority of the Imperial Camel Brigade used camels sourced in the Sudan Sudan (s  dăn`), officially Republic of Sudan, republic (2005 est. pop. 40,187,000), 967,494 sq mi (2,505,813 sq km), NE Africa. ; the Mountain Battery's camels were of Indian
origin--from the state of Bikanir. These Indian camels were larger and
more powerful than the Sudanese camels and were more suited to the heavy
loads of the Battery. Each two-gun section was equipped with three
riding horses, 73 riding and 47 pack camels. The normal first line
holding of rounds per gun was: 120 rounds of shrapnel shrapnelOriginally, a type of projectile invented by the British artillery officer Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842), containing small spherical bullets and an explosive charge to scatter the shot and fragments of the shell casing. , seven rounds of high explosive and four star shells. 265th Machine Gun Company The 265th Machine Gun Company consisted of a headquarters and two sections each of four Vickers Mark I medium machine guns A medium machine gun or MMG in modern terms, usually refers to a belt-fed, full-power rifle caliber (such as 7.62 mm rifle caliber) automatic weapon with some provision for more extended firing than lighter automatic firearms, often using an extra-heavy barrel, fins, . For a summary of personnel and animals see Table 7. 10th (Camel) Field Troop, Royal Engineers The 10th Field Troop, Royal Engineers was specially raised to support the Imperial Camel Brigade. While it was capable of minor field engineering tasks including demolitions; its main task was winning water for the Brigade. One of the officers was an attached Army Medical Corps officer responsible for testing and sterilising water won by the Troop. Table 8 is a summary of the personnel and animals in the unit. The 34 baggage camels were allocated loads as follows: Water Plant--23, Tools and Explosives--4, Baggage--1, Ammunition--l, Water--2 (Each camel two 10 gallon gallon: see English units of measurement. fanatis), Spare--3. Signal Section, Imperial Camel Brigade In addition to the Field Troop, the Royal Engineers provided the Brigade Signal Section. This Section consisted of a Headquarters, and Telephone and Visual detachments. Table 9 is a summary of the personnel, animals and vehicles in the Section. Some of the specialist equipment carried by the Signal Section was: 4 Heliographs 4 Electric Signalling Lamps 4 Stands Lamp or Heliograph heliograph (hē`lēəgrăf) [Gr.,=sun-writer], signaling device using flashes of sunlight. It has two mirrors that are used to reflect sunlight on a distant point and a shutter through which the sunlight passes so that messages may be 16 sets Flags Signalling 4 Telescopes 1 Switchboard 15 Field Telephones Imperial Camel Corps The Imperial Camel Corps was a brigade-sized military formation which fought for the Allies in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World War I. Its personnel were infantry mounted on camels for movement across desert. The Corps was founded in January, 1916. Brigade Train The Brigade Train provided second line transport for the Imperial Camel Brigade. A summary of the personnel, animals and vehicles in the Train is shown at Table 10. No approved War Establishment for the Brigade Train has been located. The information in Table 10 has been extracted from the proposed establishment for the Train. While there may have been minor changes to the approved War Establishment, the information in Table 10 is indicative of the unit's establishment. There were no camels in the Brigade Train. It relied on wheeled vehicles Noun 1. wheeled vehicle - a vehicle that moves on wheels and usually has a container for transporting things or people; "the oldest known wheeled vehicles were found in Sumer and Syria and date from around 3500 BC" axle - a shaft on which a wheel rotates . Functionally, the Train was divided into a Transport Section and a Supply Section. The Train carried some reserve rations and forage plus equipment and stores not required by Brigade units when they were operating in a mobile role. The Train also drew rations and forage from advanced supply depots and carried these forward for issue to Brigade units. The European European emanating from or pertaining to Europe. European bat lyssavirus see lyssavirus. European beech tree fagussylvaticus. European blastomycosis see cryptococcosis. element of the Brigade Train appears to have been all British Army The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. It came into being with unification of the governments and armed forces of England and Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. Service Corps personnel. Note the large number of Egyptian Labour Corps personnel in the Train. Approximately 40 of these personnel were employed in the Transport Section as drivers; the remainder worked in the Supply Section. Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Ammunition Column The Brigade Ammunition Column carried second-line artillery rounds for No 1 Mountain Battery and reserve small arms ammunition Ammunition for small arms, i.e., all ammunition up to and including 20 millimeters (.787 inches). for all units of the Brigade. Personnel and animals are summarised in Table 11. The officer was a British subaltern. The other ranks were all Indian soldiers except for one British veterinary sergeant. The 59 Egyptian camel drivers were Camel Transport Corps personnel. Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Ordnance Section No approved war establishment for the Brigade Ordnance Section has been located. One document suggests that its establishment was two officers, 10 other ranks and four Egyptian camel drivers. These numbers seem about right for an independent brigade sized formation. Australian Camel Field Ambulance The Australian Camel Field Ambulance establishment is summarised in Table 12. Functionally, the Ambulance was organised as follows: * Tent tent, portable shelter of canvas, skins, felt, matting, or other material usually supported by poles and used chiefly by nomads, hunters, and campers. Tents have been used by pastoral peoples since ancient times and are mentioned in the Old Testament and in Homer. Division with accommodation for 50 patients * Bearer One who is the holder or possessor of an instrument that is negotiable—for example, a check, a draft, or a note—and upon which a specific payee is not designated. Division for battlefield first aid and collection. * Camel Transport Section with 18 pairs of lying down cacholets and 30 pairs of sitting down cacholets. * Wheeled Transport Echelon with eight sandcarts and six cycle ambulance stretchers. Cacolets were canvas supports stiffened with either bamboo bamboo, plant of the family Gramineae (grass family), chiefly of warm or tropical regions, where it is sometimes an extremely important component of the vegetation. It is most abundant in the monsoon area of E Asia. , wooden or metal struts A framework for writing Web-based applications in Java that supports the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. Struts is deployed as JSP pages using special tags from the Struts tag library, which includes routines for building forms, HTML rendering, storing and retrieving data and . There were two forms lying and sitting. The cacholet was a most distressing form of medical evacuation evacuation /evac·u·a·tion/ (e-vak?u-a´shun) 1. an emptying. 2. catharsis; emptying of the bowels. e·vac·u·a·tion n. ; dreaded dread v. dread·ed, dread·ing, dreads v.tr. 1. To be in terror of. 2. To anticipate with alarm, distaste, or reluctance: dreaded the long drive home. by a wounded soldier. To the pain and shock of the soldiers wounds were added the discomforts of heat, flies and the smell, grunts and lurching gait of the camel. Camels carrying loaded cacholets were at the limit of their carrying capacity carrying capacity the number of animal units that a farm or area will carry on a year round basis, including that needed for conservation of winter feed. Usually stated as dry cows or dry sheep equivalents per hectare. and marched at a rate of only two miles per hour--about 3.2 kilometres per hour--when the going was good. A wounded soldier could spend many hours in a cacholet from the time he was picked up on the battlefield, patched up in the Field Ambulance and them moved from the Field Ambulance to a Casualty Clearing Station 15-20 kilometres behind the front line. The sandcart was a lightweight two-wheeled ambulance with wide tyres on the wheels to facilitate movement through soft sand. It was fitted with an open spring mattress bottom. It was capable of carrying two lying or four sitting patients. As noted earlier, camel casualties were heavy during the cold, wet winter of 1917-1918. Subsequently, there was less emphasis on evacuation by camel and more use was made of wheeled vehicles. In January 1918, the eight sandcarts and six cycle ambulance stretchers on the establishment of the Field Ambulance were replaced by six horse-drawn light ambulances, two sandcarts and four motor ambulances. The motor ambulances were attached to the Camel Field Ambulance and were driven by British Army Service Corps drivers. Imperial Camel Corps Mobile Veterinary Section The Mobile Veterinary Section joined the Imperial Camel Brigade in February 1917. Prior to the raising of this Section, veterinary support in the Brigade had been limited to the Veterinary Sergeant in each of the Camel Companies. Table 13 summarises the establishment of the Veterinary Section as it existed in 1917. In December 1917, the Imperial Camel Brigade had to be withdrawn from operations for several weeks due to an outbreak of camel mange mange (mānj), contagious skin disease of domestic and wild animals. The several types of mange, including follicular and sarcoptic mange, are caused by various minute parasitic mites that burrow into skin, hair follicles, or sweat glands. which affected both the men and camels. At this time, the establishment of the camel Mobile Veterinary Section was increased by one British veterinary sergeant and 16 Egyptian labourers in order to treat this disease. The Imperial Camel Brigade was an ephemeral Temporary. Fleeting. Transitory. but hard fighting formation. It was a truly Imperial force drawing its personnel from the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand New Zealand (zē`lənd), island country (2005 est. pop. 4,035,000), 104,454 sq mi (270,534 sq km), in the S Pacific Ocean, over 1,000 mi (1,600 km) SE of Australia. The capital is Wellington; the largest city and leading port is Auckland. , India, Egypt and, for a period, the Sudan. (2) During the eighteen months of its existence, it suffered 345 fatalities from killed in action, died of wounds, accidentally killed or died of disease. (3) Perhaps the spirit of the Imperial Camel Brigade is best expressed in Major Oliver Hogue's poem To My Camel:
In the days when I was younger, when I never knew your worth,
When I thought a prancing palfrey was the finest thing on earth,
When a ride upon a camel seemed a punishment for sin,
And made a man feel fed up with the land we're living in,
It was then my errant fancy lightly turned to thoughts of verse,
And I libelled you, old Hoosta, in a wild iambic curse,
I know you now for better, but for you I might be dead,
So I recant, old Hoosta, I take back all I said.
When the winter nights were freezing on the hills of old Judea,
You humped my load of blankets and a ton of surplus gear,
When summer's sun was scorching and my head seemed like to burst,
You bore a full fantassi, (4) and quenched my raging thirst.
I have never yet gone hungry, I have never yet gone dry;
That's something to your credit in a place like Sinai.
You have been my board and lodging, you even humped my bed-Honest
Injun! Oont, I'm grateful; I take back all I said.
Trooper Bluegum
(Major Oliver Hogue 1880-1919) (5)
Table 1--Brigade Organisation-December 1917
Brigade Headquarters
1st (Anzac) Camel Battalion
2nd (Imperial) Camel Battalion
3rd (Anzac) Camel Battalion
4th (Anzac) Camel Battalion
No 1 Mountain Battery, Hong Kong & Singapore, Royal Artillery
265th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps
10th (Camel) Field Troop, Royal Engineers
Brigade Signal Section, Royal Engineers
Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Train
Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Ammunition Column
Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Ordnance Section
Australian Camel Field Ambulance
97th Australian Dental Unit
Imperial Camel Corps Mobile Veterinary Section
Table 2--Imperial Camel Brigade Headquarters
Commander-Brigadier General
Staff
Brigade Major 1 Major
Staff Captain 1 Captain
Administrative Services and Departments
Army Veterinary Corps 1 Captain
Chaplains 3
Army Postal Service 3 Other ranks
Military Mounted Police 10 Other ranks
Clerk 1 Other rank
Army Ordnance Corps 3 Other ranks
Cook 1 Other rank
Batmen 11 Other ranks
Egyptian Camel Drivers 6 attached from Camel
Transport Corps
Table 3--Camel Company Establishment--January 1916
Officers Other Riding Baggage
Ranks Camels Camels
Officer Commanding 1 1 * 2 1
(Major or Captain)
Section Commander 4 4 * 8 2
(Subaltern)
Section Sergeant 4 4
Sergeant 4 4
Rank and File 112 112
Ammunition # 6
10% Spare Camels 13 1
Total 5 125 143 10
* Batman
# Ammunition-300 rounds on the man/camel
200 rounds per man on baggage camels
Source. AWM25 Item 157/3-Headquarters NZ and Aust Division Memorandum
"Camel Corps" dated 8 January 1916
Table 4--Camel Company Establishment--November 1916
Offrs WOs S Sgts/ R&F
Sgts
Company Commander 1 - - -
(Captain)
Section Commanders 4 - - -
CSM - 1 - -
CQMS - - 1 -
Sergeants - - 6 -
Corporals - - - 4
Signallers - - - 8
Batmen - - - 6(b)
Medical Orderly - - - 1
Privates - - - 136(d)
Lewis Gun Section
Commander 1 - - -
Sergeant - - 1 -
Corporal - - - 1
Privates - - - 12
Spare Camels 10%
Attached
Veterinary Sergeant 1 -
Total 6 1 9 168
Riding Baggage
Camels Camels
Company Commander 1 1
(Captain)
Section Commanders 4 2(a)
CSM 1 -
CQMS 1 -
Sergeants 6 -
Corporals 4 -
Signallers 8 -
Batmen 6 -
Medical Orderly 1 4(c)
Privates 136 7(e)
Lewis Gun Section
Commander 1 -
Sergeant 1 -
Corporal 1 -
Privates 12 2(f)
17 2
Attached
Veterinary Sergeant 1 -
Total 201 18
(a) One of these camels also serves for the Lewis Gun Officer.
(b) Includes Batman for Lewis Gun Officer.
(c) To carry eight lying-down cacolets.
(d) Four men to be trained as Stretcher Bearers.
(e) To carry reserve ammunition.
(f) To carry Lewis gun ammunition.
Table 5--Summary Camel Battalion
Officers 30 Riding Camels 842
Warrant Officers 6 Baggage Camels 80
S-Sgts/Sgts 39
Artificers 2
Rank and File 693
Total Personnel 770 Total Camels 922
Table 6--No 1 Mountain Battery, Hong Kong & Singapore
British Personnel 15 Animals 457
Officers 5 Riding Horses 21
S Sgts/Sgts 4 Riding Camels 251
Artificers 6 Pack Camels 185
Indian Personnel 240
Officers 3
NCOs 30
Gunners 200
Followers 7
Source: War Establishment 699/47-No 1 Mountain Battery, Hong Kong &
Singapore dated 30 August 1917
Table 7--265th Machine Gun Company
Personnel 115 Animals 156
Officers 5 Riding Horses 6
Warrant Officer 1 Riding Camels 115
S-Sgts/Sgts 5 Baggage Camels 35
Artificers 1
Rank & File 99
Egyptian Camel Drivers 4
Source. War Establishment 699/100-Machine Gun Company, Imperial Camel
Brigade 30 Aug 17.
Table 8-10th (Camel) Field Troop
Personnel 71 Animals 91
Officers 4 Riding Camels 57
Warrant Officer 1 Baggage Camels 34
Sergeants 2
Artificers 1
Rank & File 49
Egyptian Camel Drivers 14
Source. War Establishment 699/66-Field Troop, Imperial Camel Brigade
dated 30 August 1917.
Table 9--Signal Section, Imperial Camel Brigade
Personnel 30 Animals 36
Officers 1 Riding Horses 3
Sergeants 2 Riding Camels 27
Rank and File 24 Baggage Camels -6
Egyptian Camel Drivers 3
Vehicles 3
Motor Cycles 3
Source. War Establishment 699/82-Signal Section, Imperial Camel Brigade
dated 30 August 1917 (Amended 26 March 1918.
Table 10--Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Train
Personnel 245 Animals 153
Officers 6 Riding Horses 9
Warrant Officers 2 Draught Horses 144
S-Sgts/Sgts 10
Artificers 8
Rank and File 99
Egyptian Labour Corps 120 Vehicles 33
Water Cart 1
Wagons GS Limbered 3
Wagons GS 29
Source. Australian War Memorial-AWM25 Item 327/5 Part 2-Imperial Camel
Corps Brigade Train.
Table 11--Imperial Camel Corps Brigade Ammunition Column
Personnel 75 Animals 126
Officers 1 Riding Camels 16
Other Ranks 15 Baggage Camels 110
Egyptian Camel Drivers 59
Source. War Establishment 699/47-Brigade Ammunition Column dated 30
August 1917.
Table 12--Australian Camel Field Ambulance
Personnel 185 Animals 222
Officers 6 Riding Camels 82
Warrant Officers 1 Baggage Camels 93
S-Sgts/Sgts 9 Riding Horses 7
Artificers 3 Draught Horses/Mules 40
Rank and File 94
Egyptian Camel Drivers 72
Source. Australian War Memorial AWM25 Item 327/11 Part 2-Establishment
Camel Brigade Field Ambulance (2 Sections) dated 14 December 1917.
Table 13--Imperial Camel Corps Mobile Veterinary Section
Personnel 42 Animals 53
Officers 1 Riding Horses 1
Sergeants 2 Riding Camels 42
Corporals 2 Baggage Camels 10
Egyptian Labour Corps 37
Source War Establishment 699/159-Mobile Veterinary Section (Camel)
dated 30 August 1917.
(1) See Sabretache December 2003 pp.5-14. (2) The original ad hoc For this purpose. Meaning "to this" in Latin, it refers to dealing with special situations as they occur rather than functions that are repeated on a regular basis. See ad hoc query and ad hoc mode. Signal and Wireless Sections included regular Sudanese soldiers. (3) The figure of 345 fatalities does not include fatalities to Egyptian camel drivers and Egyptian Labour Corps personnel. (4) Fantassi--a five gallon cylindrical cyl·in·dri·cal adj. Of, relating to, or having the shape of a cylinder, especially of a circular cylinder. water tank carried by the Imperial Camel Corps. (5) Major Oliver Hogue served in the 1st (Anzac) Camel Battalion. He accompanied other Gallipoli veterans to England after the Armistice Armistice (Nov. 11, 1918) Agreement between Germany and the Allies ending World War I. Allied representatives met with a German delegation in a railway carriage at Rethondes, France, to discuss terms. The agreement was signed on Nov. , and died there from pneumonia pneumonia (n  mōn`yə), acute infection of one or both lungs that can be caused by a bacterium, usually Streptococcus pneumoniae in March 1919.
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