The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation adds ethics to the human rights program."Building on the Democracy and Human Rights Program" described in The Disam Journal (Fall, Volume 27, No. 1, p. 137), The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHISC or WHINSEC), formerly the School of the Americas (SOA; Spanish: Escuela de las Américas), is a United States Army facility at Fort Benning in Columbus, Georgia. (WHINSEC WHINSEC Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation ) has added yet another block to an already outstanding program. In mid- mid- pref. Middle: midbrain. 2006, WHINSEC incorporated a two-hour class on Ethical Decision Real life ethical decisions are studied in sociology and political science and psychology using very different methods than descriptive ethics in ethics (philosophy). Not ethics proper Making into the existing Democracy and Human Rights Program. The class is taught in all WHINSEC classes (about 1,000 Latin Lat·in n. 1. a. The Indo-European language of the ancient Latins and Romans and the most important cultural language of western Europe until the end of the 17th century. b. American and Caribbean military officers, police personnel and civilians each year) by the Institute chaplain CHAPLAIN. A clergyman appointed to say prayers and perform divine service. Each house of congress usually appoints it own chaplain. and incorporates the following material. The two-hour class opens with a scenario based on actual events that occurred in a Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Part of Earth comprising North and South America and the surrounding waters. Longitudes 20° W and 160° E are often considered its boundaries. country. In the scenario, an Army patrol enters a returned refugee refugee, one who leaves one's native land either because of expulsion or to escape persecution. The legal problem of accepting refugees is discussed under asylum; this article considers only mass dislocations and the organizations that help refugees. camp by invitation from the refugees Individuals who leave their native country for social, political, or religious reasons, or who are forced to leave as a result of any type of disaster, including war, political upheaval, and famine. but in direct disregard of an international accord prohibiting any military presence --particularly when armed--in the camps. Their arrival is welcomed by most of the refugees, however, some are disturbed by the patrol's presence and ask the patrol to leave the village. When the patrol momentarily mo·men·tar·i·ly adv. 1. For a moment or an instant. 2. Usage Problem In a moment; very soon. 3. Moment by moment; progressively. delays their exit, some of the refugees take action by trying to forcibly forc·i·ble adj. 1. Effected against resistance through the use of force: The police used forcible restraint in order to subdue the assailant. 2. Characterized by force; powerful. disarm the patrol. Feeling threatened, some of the patrol's members then open fire in what may be legitimate self-defense self-defense In criminal law, an affirmative defense (e.g., to a murder charge) alleging that the defendant used serious force necessarily for self-protection. The claim of self-defense must normally rely on a reasonable belief that the other party intended to inflict great while other members of the patrol simply open fire on any and all refugees, in the process wounding and killing about twenty people. On hearing the firing, a second Army patrol hurries to the camp to assess the situation and respond appropriately. It is noteworthy that, initially, the second Army patrol is unaware of the circumstances CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence. The particulars which accompany a fact. 2. The facts proved are either possible or impossible, ordinary and probable, or extraordinary and improbable, recent or ancient; they may have happened near us, or afar off; they are public or and events that are unfolding; they are simply responding to the sound of gunfire in an effort to provide security for the refugees. Confronted with the unfolding events, the second patrol then must determine how to respond--particularly in defense of the refugees. They face an ethical dilemma An ethical dilemma is a situation that will often involve an apparent conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another. This is also called an ethical paradox as they ponder Ponder - A non-strict polymorphic, functional language by Jon Fairbairn <jf@cl.cam.ac.uk>. Ponder's type system is unusual. It is more powerful than the Hindley-Milner type system used by ML and Miranda and extended by Haskell. the question, "Are we prepared to fire upon our comrades who are indiscriminately killing innocent refugees?" Additionally, the second patrol faces the ethical dilemma of how they will respond in the event of an ensuing en·sue intr.v. en·sued, en·su·ing, en·sues 1. To follow as a consequence or result. See Synonyms at follow. 2. To take place subsequently. investigation of the matter. They must wrestle with the question, "Are we prepared to tell the truth of what we saw or will we attempt to cover up the slayings to protect our fellow soldiers?" In the second part of the presentation, the Chaplain/Instructor proceeds to develop a series of ethical paradigms such as: * Paradigm 1: Truth versus Loyalty * Paradigm 2: Individual versus Community * Paradigm 3: Short Term versus Long Term * Paradigm 4: Justice versus Mercy A consideration of these paradigms forces the students to discuss the various ethical choices to be made. These choices are developed and discussed within a context of real-world examples and scenarios. The participants consider ethical principles and choices involving three philosophical schools of thought. These principles or perspectives, which influence our ethical decision-making processes Presented below is a list of topics on decision-making and decision-making processes: | width="" align="left" valign="top" |
| width="" align="left" valign="top" | * Perspective 1: End-based Thinking, where the focus is on "the greatest good for the greatest number (Consequential con·se·quen·tial adj. 1. Following as an effect, result, or conclusion; consequent. 2. Having important consequences; significant: and Utilitarian Outlook) * Perspective 2: Rule-based Thinking, which prompts one to ask, "What is the highest rule that should be followed?" (The Categorical Imperative categorical imperative: see Kant, Immanuel. categorical imperative In Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy, an imperative that presents an action as unconditionally necessary (e.g. ) * Perspective 3: Case-based Thinking, where, unlike the ends-based or rules-based thinking, the primary goal is to do to others what we want others to do to us (widely regarded as "The Golden Rule"). The third part of the presentation ties the previous elements together by considering the Military Ethical Decision-making decision-making, n the process of coming to a conclusion or making a judgment. decision-making, evidence-based, n a type of informal decision-making that combines clinical expertise, patient concerns, and evidence gathered from Process and its implications/applications to the students' personal ethical decision-making process. It drives the point home by analyzing a scene from the movie, "Hotel Rwanda," wherein where·in adv. In what way; how: Wherein have we sinned? conj. 1. In which location; where: the country wherein those people live. 2. the lead character prevents the killing of innocent civilians at the hands of a rebel militia militia (məlĭsh`ə), military organization composed of citizens enrolled and trained for service in times of national emergency. Its ranks may be filled either by enlistment or conscription. leader. The class strives to apply the Military Ethical Decision-making Process by defining the problem/issue at hand, identifying the applicable rules/regulations/principles, and evaluating the lead character's course of action. In particular, the class analyzes the Rwandan case with the goal of identifying the governing gov·ern v. gov·erned, gov·ern·ing, gov·erns v.tr. 1. To make and administer the public policy and affairs of; exercise sovereign authority in. 2. paradigms and principles and determining the ethical fitness of the lead character's course of action. Finally, the instructor concludes by pointing out that, while he can teach the students about ethical principles and offer them examples of possible choices, he cannot make them ethical officials. That will have to come from within. In fact, the class forces participants to acknowledge the inherent risks and responsibilities of ethical fitness: the class confronts the reality that, while ethical fitness brings great personal, organizational and social benefits, it may come at great personal cost. It forces participants to consider the gamut See color gamut. gamut - The gamut of a monitor is the set of colours it can display. There are some colours which can't be made up of a mixture of red, green and blue phosphor emissions and so can't be displayed by any monitor. of ethical choices, which they may confront during their careers, and to think about those choices before they have to face them in real life. This is the same principle used in yet another addition to the Democracy and Human Rights Program, the use of a recently-acquired Engagement Skills Trainer (EST EST electroshock therapy. EST abbr. electroshock therapy ) which has a number of "shoot, don't shoot" scenarios. Once a class uses those scenarios, they engage in a classroom discussion of why or why not they chose to shoot and what human rights and ethical principles were involved in each of those decisions. Through the new ethical decision making class and the use of the Engagement Skills Trainer, WHINSEC students are forced to consider which are the right actions and what are the consequences and implications of those actions. Having faced these dilemmas in advance, the expectation is that these students will be far more likely to make the right choices when confronted with real life problems in their military and police activities. By Dr. Donald B. Harrington and Chaplain (Major) Kenneth Hancock, USA The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation Dr. Donald B. Harrington was the Dean of Academics and International Affairs Noun 1. international affairs - affairs between nations; "you can't really keep up with world affairs by watching television" world affairs affairs - transactions of professional or public interest; "news of current affairs"; "great affairs of state" at WHINSEC from mid-2001 to mid-2007. Before that, he was a Foreign Service Officer for 25 years with extensive experience in Latin America Latin America, the Spanish-speaking, Portuguese-speaking, and French-speaking countries (except Canada) of North America, South America, Central America, and the West Indies. and a university professor. He is currently an adjunct adjunct (aj´ungkt), n a drug or other substance that serves a supplemental purpose in therapy. adjunct instructor in the Diplomacy diplomacy Art of conducting relationships for gain without conflict. It is the chief instrument of foreign policy. Its methods include secret negotiation by accredited envoys (though political leaders also negotiate) and international agreements and laws. Program at Norwich University Norwich University, at Northfield and Montpelier, Vt.; coeducational; founded 1819 as a private military college, opened 1820 at Norwich, Vt.; chartered under present name 1834, moved to Northfield 1866. . Chaplain (Major) Kenneth Hancock entered the US Army in 1993 and has served in a variety of units including Corps Support, Signal and Military Intelligence battalions and training brigades. He was the Chaplain and Ethics Instructor at WHINSEC from 2005-2007. He currently is with the 10th Mountain Division at Fort Drum, New York This article is about the U.S. Army base in New York State. For other places with a similar name, see Fort Drum. Fort Drum is a census-designated place and U.S. Army military reservation in Jefferson County, New York, United States. .
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