The 2008-18 job outlook in brief.Some occupations will fare better than others over the 2008-18 decade. Although it's impossible to predict the future, we can gain insight into job outlook by analyzing trends in population growth, technological advances, and business practices. This insight is helpful in planning a career.The Occupational Outlook Handbook--published every 2 years by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) A research agency of the U.S. Department of Labor; it compiles statistics on hours of work, average hourly earnings, employment and unemployment, consumer prices and many other variables. (BLS See Bureau of Labor Statistics. )--features projections of long-term job growth and employment prospects for nearly 300 occupations. This special issue of the Occupational Outlook Quarterly (OOQ OOQ Occupational Outlook Quarterly OOQ Out of Queue OOQ Out of Question ) includes a table summarizing that information so readers can compare occupations at a glance. The next few pages help you get the most out of that table. Read on to learn what BLS projections mean, why employment is changing, and how BLS makes its projections. Understanding employment projections BLS projections give a broad overview of future employment conditions. They show expected changes in employment over the entire 2008-18 decade, but they do not depict de·pict tr.v. de·pict·ed, de·pict·ing, de·picts 1. To represent in a picture or sculpture. 2. To represent in words; describe. See Synonyms at represent. variation from one year to another. Also, BLS projections are national in scope. Because conditions vary significantly by location, jobseekers should supplement this general analysis with more specific information from State workforce agencies and career counselors. (See, for example, www.careeronestop.org See .org. (networking) org - The top-level domain for organisations or individuals that don't fit any other top-level domain (national, com, edu, or gov). Though many have .org domains, it was never intended to be limited to non-profit organisations. RFC 1591. .) BLS projections show expected job growth or decline in various occupations. Usually, occupations that are gaining jobs offer more opportunities for workers than other occupations do. Each job that is added to a growing occupation equals an opening for a worker trying to enter that occupation. But job growth tells only part of the story. Opportunities in any occupation are also shaped by how many of today's workers will need to be replaced when they retire retire v. 1) to stop working at one's occupation. 2) to pay off a promissory note, and thus "retire" the loan. 3) for a jury to go into the jury room to decide on a verdict after all evidence, argument and jury instructions have been completed. or leave their occupations for other reasons. Job prospects also depend on how much competition there is for jobs. An occupation is more difficult to enter if many people want to work in it or if many people qualify for it. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Understanding job growth In the table, projected employment change over the 2008-18 decade is shown in two ways: as a number and as a percent. The number shows the actual number of jobs projected to be added or lost in an occupation. Percent change shows the rate of expected job growth or decline. Sometimes, occupations with large projected changes in employment are also growing or declining at a fast rate. For example, between 2008 and 2018, employment of registered nurses is expected to grow by almost 582,000 jobs--the largest projected gain of any occupation. And the occupation's projected growth rate of 22 percent is well above the 10-percent average for all occupations. Other times, there is no correlation correlation In statistics, the degree of association between two random variables. The correlation between the graphs of two data sets is the degree to which they resemble each other. between projected numeric numeric see numerical. numeric cluster see ten-key pad. changes in employment and rapid growth or decline. Financial examiners, for example, are projected to add 11,000 jobs over the decade--a relatively small gain. But that increase represents growth of 41 percent--a rate that's four times faster than the projected average growth rate for all occupations. And office clerks are projected to gain 375,000 jobs--a considerable increase that represents a 12-percent growth rate, which is about average. In general, occupations with the greatest numeric changes are those that already have large numbers of workers. The fastest rates of change are usually in occupations that have fewer workers. Job prospects Increases and decreases in the number of jobs affect how easy it is to enter an occupation, but the total number of jobs is not the only factor. Employment prospects are also affected by how many workers leave and need to be replaced and by how many people want and qualify for jobs. Replacement needs. Most of the job openings for people entering an occupation for the first time come not from job growth but from replacement needs, which are the needs to replace workers who retire or permanently leave the occupation for other reasons. Replacement needs sometimes provide numerous job openings even in an occupation that is projected to decline. The total number of machinists, for example, is expected to fall in the coming decade. But the occupation still offers good job prospects because many of today's machinists are expected to retire soon, and some of them will need to be replaced. And occupations that have many jobs, high worker turnover, or many workers of retirement age offer numerous opportunities, no matter what their level of growth. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Competition. If many qualified people are vying vy·ing v. Present participle of vie. vying vie for jobs in an occupation, that occupation might be harder to enter. Occupations that are considered glamorous glam·or·ous also glam·our·ous adj. Full of or characterized by glamour. glam  or·ous·ly adv. or prestigious, such as fashion designers and
financial analysts, are often the most difficult to enter.
If an occupation has specific entry requirements, BLS economists This is an alphabetical list of notable economists. Economists are experts in the science of economics. There is also a list of politicians and statesmen with economic training. can sometimes estimate how many people will qualify for future jobs and can compare that number with the number of projected job openings. This estimate of the expected supply of workers is based on historical data about the number of college degrees or technical certifications granted in subjects related to the occupation, information from technical journals and other relevant literature, interviews with occupational experts, and the judgment of the BLS economists who study the occupation. Why employment is changing Occupations gain or lose jobs because of different, often conflicting, forces. Demand for what an occupation's workers produce drives up the number of jobs in an occupation. At the same time, some innovation might make each worker more productive and, thus, reduce the number needed to create goods or provide services. Demand and innovation combine to change employment and affect job prospects. Similarly, a change in technology, business practices, population, or some other element can drive growth in some occupations while slowing it in others. Automation, for example, may slow growth in some production occupations, but it may speed growth in occupations in which workers install or repair automation equipment. This section highlights three of the most prevalent prevalent widespread occurrence. influences on employment gains or losses: changes in the demand for goods and services In economics, economic output is divided into physical goods and intangible services. Consumption of goods and services is assumed to produce utility (unless the "good" is a "bad"). It is often used when referring to a Goods and Services Tax. , increased worker productivity, and new business practices. Each is discussed frequently in the outlook table. Demand for goods and services. As the population grows, so too does demand for many goods and services. This increased demand often results in a greater need for workers who produce those goods and provide those services, which, in turn, generates employment growth in many occupations. For example, a growing population's demand for more roads increases the need for construction workers, surveyors, and landscape architects. Beyond population growth, demographic See demographics. changes in the population affect demand for goods and services and, by extension, employment. For instance, as baby boomers See generation X. age, demand for services related to healthcare--and for workers in occupations providing these services--is expected to increase. At the same time, the number of children will increase, and those children will need education and supervision, creating many new jobs for teachers and child care workers. Another factor affecting the demand for goods and services is economic growth. An increase in business activity leads to growth in many occupations, from secretaries to securities analysts. And rising incomes and greater affluence spur employment growth in occupations related to luxury goods and financial planning Financial planning Evaluating the investing and financing options available to a firm. Planning includes attempting to make optimal decisions, projecting the consequences of these decisions for the firm in the form of a financial plan, and then comparing future performance against . Technological change can also affect employment in many occupations. Advances in information technology, for example, are expected to increase demand for workers who write software, design and maintain computer networks, or otherwise help businesses take advantage of those advances. And continuing development in telecommunications Communicating information, including data, text, pictures, voice and video over long distance. See communications. technology and the Internet Internet Publicly accessible computer network connecting many smaller networks from around the world. It grew out of a U.S. Defense Department program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), established in 1969 with connections between computers at the is spurring demand for writers, artists, and graphic designers who create content for Web sites and other media. Changes in the law also affect the goods and services demanded and the jobs created. Stricter financial regulations, for example, heighten height·en v. height·ened, height·en·ing, height·ens v.tr. 1. To raise or increase the quantity or degree of; intensify. 2. To make high or higher; raise. v.intr. demand for accountants and auditors AUDITORS, practice. Persons lawfully appointed to examine and digest accounts referred to them, take down the evidence in writing, which may be lawfully offered in relation to such accounts, and prepare materials on which a decree or judgment may be made; and to report the whole, together . In the same way, shifting tastes change the goods and services demanded by consumers. These changes lead, in turn, to changes in employment. Continued demand for motorcycles, for example, is expected to create new jobs for small engine mechanics mechanics, branch of physics concerned with motion and the forces that tend to cause it; it includes study of the mechanical properties of matter, such as density, elasticity, and viscosity. to repair these vehicles. And concern about personal appearance will strengthen demand for skin care specialists. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Increased worker productivity. Computers, automated au·to·mate v. au·to·mat·ed, au·to·mat·ing, au·to·mates v.tr. 1. To convert to automatic operation: automate a factory. 2. machinery, and other laborsaving la·bor·sav·ing adj. Designed to conserve human energy in performing work or to decrease the amount of human labor needed. Adj. 1. technology reduce the number of workers needed to produce goods and provide services, thus lowering employment. This is why jobs for farmers are projected to decline even as the production of food increases. Rising worker productivity slows job growth in many occupations. For example, the expected lack of job gains among assemblers--who generally work in factories making manufactured goods--is due, in part, to increased automation, improved manufacturing processes, and other productivity-boosting developments. New business practices. Sometimes, organizations change the way in which they produce goods or provide services, and establishments might begin to hire more workers in one occupation to remain competitive. For example, rapid employment growth for management analysts is projected as organizations conduct more public opinion research and increase their marketing efforts to stay competitive. How BLS develops projections BLS economists analyze an·a·lyze v. 1. To examine methodically by separating into parts and studying their interrelations. 2. To separate a chemical substance into its constituent elements to determine their nature or proportions. 3. changing conditions, including the ones described above, to create specific estimates of job growth and decline. How do they do it? The process involves several steps. Economists begin by estimating the total number of available workers based on population growth and labor force participation rates. Based on trends, they project demand for goods and services. The economists next project how employment will grow in the industries that provide those goods and services. Finally, BLS economists analyze what types of work employers in those industries need. They estimate how many of an industry's jobs will be in a given occupation by researching production methods, business practices, and other factors--and analyzing how these elements are changing. When making projections, economists rely on ongoing trends. But trends can change unexpectedly because of shifts in technology, consumer preferences, or trade patterns and because of natural disasters, wars, and other unpredictable events. For more information about the employment projections program, visit online at www.bls.gov/emp or call (202) 691-5700. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] A note about the economy in 2008 The usual practice for BLS is to prepare new projections every other year, with the base year of the projections decade being an even-numbered year. For this set of projections, the base year, 2008, happens to be during a significant downturn Downturn The transition point between a rising, expanding economy to a falling, contracting one. downturn A decline in security prices or economic activity following a period of rising or stable prices or activity. in the U.S. economy. Total employment of wage and salary workers fell by 532,000 between 2007 and 2008, and it continued to fall in 2009. The construction, manufacturing, and financial activities industry sectors, along with occupations that are concentrated in these industries, were hit particularly hard. When developing long-term projections, however, the focus is on long-term trends in population, labor force, productivity, and output growth. The population and the labor force have been aging, and their growth rates Growth Rates The compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or other figures. Notes: Remember, historically high growth rates don't always mean a high rate of growth looking into the future. are slowing. These long-term trends are expected to continue, regardless of the fluctuations in the economy. Readers should keep in mind, however, that the projected changes in employment between 2008 and 2018 usually include regaining re·gain tr.v. re·gained, re·gain·ing, re·gains 1. To recover possession of; get back again: regain one's strength. See Synonyms at recover. 2. part or all of the jobs that have been lost during the downturn. Guide to the table The table that follows is divided into sections that correspond with the 10 groups in the Standard Occupational Classification System. Use the index beginning on page 50 to find a specific occupation. Employment data The table provides a snapshot (1) A saved copy of memory including the contents of all memory bytes, hardware registers and status indicators. It is periodically taken in order to restore the system in the event of failure. (2) A saved copy of a file before it is updated. of how employment is expected to change in 289 occupations. For each occupation, it shows estimated employment in 2008, the projected numeric change in employment (that is, how many jobs are expected to be gained or lost) over the 2008-18 decade, and the projected percent change in employment (that is, the rate of job growth or loss). Then, a key phrase describes the rate of job growth as compared with other occupations (see box) and is followed by a summary of job prospects and factors affecting employment. The employment data in the table come from the BLS National Employment Matrix, except where noted. The symbol (*) marks the occupations that are projected to grow much faster than average or to gain at least 200,000 new jobs. Occupational groups Occupations that have similar job duties are grouped according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. the tasks that the workers in them perform. The table lists employment and outlook summaries for occupations in the following 10 groups: Management, business, and financial. Workers in these occupations establish plans and policies, manage money, and direct business activities. Professional and related. Workers in this group perform a variety of skilled functions, such as diagnosing and treating illness, teaching, or designing. Service. This group includes workers who assist the public in a number of ways, from providing child care services to providing community safety. Sales and related. Workers in this group sell goods and services. Office and administrative support. In these occupations, workers prepare and organize organize /or·ga·nize/ (or´gan-iz) 1. to provide with an organic structure. 2. to form into organs. or·gan·ize v. 1. documents, provide information to the public, gather and deliver goods, and operate office software and equipment. Farming, fishing, and forestry forestry, the management of forest lands for wood, water, wildlife, forage, and recreation. Because the major economic importance of the forest lies in wood and wood products, forestry has been chiefly concerned with timber management, especially reforestation, . Workers in this group tend and harvest (tool, networking) Harvest - A highly scalable, customisable system for discovering resources on the Internet. Version: 1.3. http://tardis.ed.ac.uk/harvest/. renewable resources and manage forests and public parks. Construction trades and related. Workers in these occupations build and repair homes, roads, and office buildings and other structures. Installation, maintenance, and repair. These workers install and repair all types of goods and equipment. Production. By operating machines and other equipment, workers in this group assemble goods or distribute energy. Transportation and material moving. Workers in these occupations move people and materials. The table also includes a statement about opportunities in the U.S. Armed Forces. Key phrases in the "Brief" For descriptions about changing employment between 2008 and 2018: If the description reads ... Much faster than average growth Faster than average growth About average growth Slower than average growth Little or no change Moderate decline Rapid decline Employment is projected to ... Increase 20 percent or more Increase 14 to 19 percent Increase 7 to 13 percent Increase 3 to 6 percent Decrease 2 percent to increase 2 percent Decrease 3 to 9 percent Decrease 10 percent or more For descriptions about opportunities or prospects: If an occupation is projected to have "very good" or "excellent" opportunities or prospects, then many openings are expected relative to the number of jobseekers. The reference does not address the quality of job openings or of the occupation's wages.
Management, business, and financial
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Management, business, and financial occupations
Management occupations
Administrative services 259,400 32,300 12
managers
Advertising, marketing, 623,800 80,300 13
promotions, public
relations, and sales
managers
Computer and information 293,000 49,500 17
systems managers
Construction managers 551,000 94,800 17
Education administrators 445,400 37,000 8
Engineering and natural 228,700 18,200 8
sciences managers
Farmers, ranchers, and 1,234,000 -64,600 -5
agricultural managers
Financial managers 539,300 41,200 8
Food service managers 338,700 18,000 5
Funeral directors 30,000 3,600 12
Human resources, training, and 904,900 197,400 22
labor relations managers (*)
and specialists
Industrial production managers 156,100 -11,900 -8
Lodging managers 59,800 2,800 5
Medical and health services 283,500 45,400 16
managers
Property, real estate, and 304,100 25,600 8
community association
managers
Purchasing managers, buyers, 527,400 38,500 7
and purchasing agents
Top executives 2,133,500 -7,800 0
Business and financial operations occupations
Accountants and auditors 1,290,600 279,400 22
(*) (*)
Appraisers and assessors of 92,400 4,200 5
real estate
Budget analysts 67,200 10,100 15
Claims adjusters, appraisers, 306,300 20,900 7
examiners, and investigators
Cost estimators 217,800 55,200 25
(*)
Financial analysts 250,600 49,600 20
(*)
Insurance underwriters 102,900 -4,300 -4
Loan officers 327,800 33,000 10
Management analysts 746,900 178,300 24
(*)
Meeting and convention 56,600 8,800 16
planners
Personal financial advisors 208,400 62,800 30
(*)
Tax examiners, collectors, and 72,700 9,500 13
revenue agents
Occupation Employment prospects
Management, business, and financial occupations
Management occupations
Administrative services About average growth. Employment
managers of these workers is projected to
increase as companies strive to
maintain, secure, and efficiently
operate their facilities. Competition
should be keen for top managers;
better opportunities are expected at
the entry level.
Advertising, marketing, About average growth. Job growth is
promotions, public expected to result from companies'
relations, and sales need to distinguish their products
managers and services in an increasingly
competitive marketplace. Keen
competition is expected.
Computer and information Faster than average growth. New
systems managers applications of technology in the
workplace should continue to drive
demand for IT services, fueling
employment growth of these managers.
Job prospects are expected to be
excellent.
Construction managers Faster than average growth. As
population and the number of
businesses grow, building activity is
expected to increase, which in turn
will boost employment of construction
managers. Prospects should be
best for jobseekers who have a
bachelor's or higher degree in a
construction-related discipline,
plus construction experience.
Education administrators About average growth. Increasing
student enrollments are expected to
drive employment growth for these
workers. Prospects are expected to be
good.
Engineering and natural About average growth. Employment is
sciences managers expected to grow along with that of
the scientists and engineers these
workers supervise. Prospects should
be better in the rapidly growing
areas of environmental and biomedical
engineering and medical and
environmental sciences.
Farmers, ranchers, and Moderate decline. As farm
agricultural managers productivity increases and
consolidation continues, a decline in
the number of farmers and ranchers is
expected. Agricultural managers at
larger, well-financed operations
should have better prospects. Small,
local farming offers the best
entry-level opportunities.
Financial managers About average growth. Business
expansion and globalization will
require financial expertise, which is
expected to drive employment growth
for these managers. Job growth,
however, is expected to be tempered
by mergers and downsizing. Keen
competition is expected.
Food service managers Slower than average growth. Job
losses resulting from a declining
number of eating and drinking places
will be partially offset by the
creation of new jobs in grocery and
convenience stores, healthcare and
elder care facilities, and other
establishments. Opportunities for new
managers should be good because of
the need to replace workers who leave
the occupation.
Funeral directors About average growth. Projected
employment growth reflects overall
expansion of the death care services
industry, due to the aging of the
population. Job opportunities are
expected to be good.
Human resources, training, and Much faster than average growth.
labor relations managers Efforts to recruit and retain
and specialists employees, the growing importance of
employee training, and new legal
standards are expected to increase
employment of these workers. College
graduates and those with
certification should have the best
opportunities.
Industrial production managers Moderate decline. Increased domestic
labor productivity and rising imports
are expected to reduce the need for
these managers. Jobseekers who have
experience in production
occupations--along with a degree in
industrial engineering, management,
or business administration--should
have the best job prospects.
Lodging managers Slower than average growth. Growth
will be limited as the lodging
industry streamlines operations and
as new properties are smaller,
limited-service hotels. But larger,
full--service hotels--including
resort and casino hotels--will
continue to have openings.
Medical and health services Faster than average growth. The
managers healthcare industry is expected to
continue growing and diversifying,
requiring managers increasingly to
run business operations.
Opportunities should be good,
especially for jobseekers who have
work experience in healthcare and
strong business management skills.
Property, real estate, and About average growth. Job growth is
community association expected to be driven, in part, by a
managers growing population and increasing use
of third-party management companies
for residential property oversight.
Opportunities should be best for
jobseekers who have a college degree
and earn professional designation.
Purchasing managers, buyers, About average growth. Almost all of
and purchasing agents the growth is expected to be for
purchasing agents, except wholesale,
retail, and farm products, as more
companies demand a greater number of
goods and services.
Top executives Little or no change. The number of
top executives is expected to remain
steady, but employment may be
adversely affected by consolidation
and mergers. Keen competition is
expected.
Business and financial operations occupations
Accountants and auditors Much faster than average growth. An
increase in the number of businesses,
a more stringent regulatory
environment, and increased corporate
accountability are expected to drive
job growth for accountants and
auditors. Opportunities should be
favorable; jobseekers with
professional certification,
especially a CPA, should have the
best prospects.
Appraisers and assessors of Slower than average growth. Projected
real estate employment growth will be driven by
economic expansion and population
increases, both of which generate
demand for real property. Job gains,
however, will be limited somewhat by
productivity increases related to
increased use of computers and other
technologies. Opportunities should be
best in areas with active real estate
markets.
Budget analysts Faster than average growth. Projected
employment growth will be driven by
the continued demand for financial
analysis in both the public and the
private sectors. Jobseekers with a
master's degree should have the best
prospects.
Claims adjusters, appraisers, About average growth. Job growth for
examiners, and investigators adjusters and claims examiners should
grow along with the growth of the
healthcare industry. Employment
growth for insurance investigators
should be tempered by productivity
increases associated with the
Internet. Keen competition is
expected for investigator jobs.
Cost estimators Much faster than average growth.
Projected employment gains will be
driven primarily by increased
construction and repair activity,
particularly that related to
infrastructure. Jobseekers with a
degree or extensive experience should
have the best opportunities. In
manufacturing, jobseekers who have a
degree and are familiar with cost
estimation software should have the
best prospects.
Financial analysts Much faster than average growth. As
investments become more numerous and
complex, these workers will be needed
for their expertise. Keen competition
for openings is expected; jobseekers
with a graduate degree and
certification should have the best
opportunities.
Insurance underwriters Moderate decline. Productivity
increases, such as automatic
underwriting, have limited employment
of these workers. But this factor
should be partially offset by an
increased emphasis on underwriting to
boost revenues and counteract
decreasing returns on investments.
Good job prospects are expected.
Loan officers About average growth. Overall
economic expansion and population
growth are expected to increase
employment of these workers. However,
increased automation through the use
of the Internet loan application will
temper employment growth. Good job
opportunities are expected.
Management analysts Much faster than average growth.
Organizations are expected to rely
increasingly on outside expertise in
an effort to maintain competitiveness
and improve performance. Keen
competition is expected.
Opportunities are expected to be best
for those who have a graduate degree,
specialized expertise, and ability in
salesmanship and public relations.
Meeting and convention Faster than average growth. Increased
planners globalization is expected to heighten
demand for face-to-face meetings,
contributing to employment growth of
the workers who plan such meetings.
Opportunities should be best for
jobseekers who have a bachelor's
degree and some related experience.
Personal financial advisors Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for these workers
is projected as large numbers of baby
boomers retire and need advice on
managing their retirement accounts.
In addition, widespread transition
from traditional pension plans to
individually managed retirement
savings programs should also create
jobs. Keen competition is expected in
this relatively high-paying
occupation.
Tax examiners, collectors, and About average growth. Employment
revenue agents growth of revenue agents and tax
collectors should remain strong. The
Federal Government is expected to
increase its tax enforcement efforts,
but demand for these workers'
services is expected to be adversely
affected by the automation of
examiners' tasks and outsourcing of
collection duties to private
agencies.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Professional and related occupations
Computer and mathematical occupations
Actuaries 19,700 4,200 21
(*)
Computer network, systems, and 961,200 286,600 30
database administrators (*) (*)
Computer scientists 28,900 7,000 24
(*)
Computer software engineers 1,336,300 283,000 21
and computer programmers (*) (*)
Computer support specialists 565,700 78,000 14
Computer systems analysts 532,200 108,100 20
(*)
Mathematicians 2,900 700 22
(*)
Operations research analysts 63,000 13,900 22
(*)
Statisticians 22,600 2,900 13
Architects, surveyors and cartographers
Architects, except landscape 141,200 22,900 16
and naval
Landscape architects 26,700 5,300 20
(*)
Surveyors, cartographers, 147,000 27,600 19
photogrammetrists, and
surveying and mapping
technicians
Engineers
1,571,900 178,300 11
Drafters and engineering technicians
Drafters 251,900 10,700 4
Engineering technicians 497,300 25,800 5
Life scientists
Agricultural and food 31,000 4,800 16
scientists
Biological scientists 91,300 19,200 21
(*)
Conservation scientists and 29,800 3,600 12
foresters
Medical scientists 109,400 44,200 40
(*)
Physical scientists
Atmospheric scientists 9,400 1,400 15
Chemists and materials 94,100 3,300 3
scientists
Environmental scientists and 85,900 23,900 28
specialists (*)
Geoscientists and hydrologists 41,700 7,400 18
Physicists and astronomers 17,100 2,700 16
Social scientists and related occupations
Economists 14,600 900 6
Market and survey researchers 273,200 77,200 28
(*)
Psychologists 170,200 19,700 12
Urban and regional planners 38,400 7,300 19
Sociologists and political 9,000 1,900 21
scientists (*)
Social scientists, other 11,100 2,400 22
(*)
Science technicians
270,800 31,800 12
Community and social services occupations
Counselors 665,500 116,800 18
Health educators 66,200 12,000 18
Probation officers and 103,400 19,900 19
correctional treatment
specialists
Social and human service 352,000 79,400 23
assistants (*)
Social workers 642,000 103,400 16
Leqal occupations
Court reporters 21,500 3,900 18
Judges, magistrates, and other 51,200 1,800 4
judicial workers
Lawyers 759,200 98,500 13
Paralegals and legal 263,800 74,100 28
assistants (*)
Education, training, library, and museum occupations
Archivists, curators, and 29,100 5,900 20
museum technicians (*)
Instructional coordinators 133,900 31,100 23
(*)
Librarians 159,900 12,500 8
Library technicians and 242,500 24,200 10
library assistants
Teacher assistants 1,312,700 134,900 10
Teachers-adult literacy and 96,000 14,500 15
remedial education
Teachers--postsecondary 1,699,200 256,900 15
(*)
Teachers--preschool, except 457,200 86,700 19
special education
Teachers--kindergarten, 3,476,200 468,600 13
elementary, middle, and (*)
secondary
Teachers--self-enrichment 253,600 81,300 32
education (*)
Teachers--special education 473,000 81,900 17
Teachers--vocational 115,100 10,100 9
Art and design occupations
Artists and related workers 221,900 25,800 12
Commercial and industrial 44,300 4,000 9
designers
Fashion designers 22,700 200 1
Floral designers 76,100 -1,900 -3
Graphic designers 286,100 36,900 13
Interior designers 71,700 13,900 19
Entertainers and performers, sports and, related occupations
Actors, producers, and 155,100 16,900 11
directors
Athletes, coaches, umpires, 258,100 59,600 23
and related workers (*)
Dancers and choreographers 29,200 1,700 6
Musicians, singers, and 240,000 19,600 8
related workers
Media and communications-related occupations
Announcers 67,400 -2,400 -4
Authors, writers, and editors 281,300 22,100 8
Broadcast and sound 114,600 9,000 8
engineering technicians and
radio operators
Interpreters and translators 50,900 11,300 22
(*)
News analysts, reporters, and 69,300 -4,400 -6
correspondents
Photographers 152,000 17,500 12
Public relations specialists 275,200 66,200 24
(*)
Technical writers 48,900 8,900 18
Television, video, and motion 51,900 5,400 11
picture camera operators
and editors
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners
Audiologists 12,800 3,200 25
(*)
Chiropractors 49,100 9,600 20
Dentists 141,900 22,100 16
Dietitians and nutritionists 60,300 5,600 9
Occupational therapists 104,500 26,800 26
(*)
Optometrists 34,800 8,500 24
(*)
Pharmacists 269,900 45,900 17
Physical therapists 185,500 56,200 30
(*)
Physician assistants 74,800 29,200 39
(*)
Physicians and surgeons 661,400 144,100 22
(*)
Podiatrists 12,200 1,100 9
Radiation therapists 15,200 4,100 27
(*)
Recreational therapists 23,300 3,400 15
Registered nurses 2,618,700 581,500 22
(*) (*)
Respiratory therapists 105,900 22,100 21
(*)
Speech-language pathologists 119,300 22,100 19
Veterinarians 59,700 19,700 33
(*)
Health technologists and technicians
Athletic trainers 16,300 6,000 37
(*)
Cardiovascular technologists 49,500 11,900 24
and technicians (*)
Clinical laboratory 328,100 45,600 14
technologists and
technicians
Dental hygienists 174,100 62,900 36
(*)
Diagnostic medical 50,300 9,200 18
sonographers
Emergency medical technicians 210,700 19,000 9
and paramedics
Licensed practical and 753,600 155,600 21
licensed vocational nurses (*)
Medical records and health 172,500 35,100 20
information technicians (*)
Nuclear medicine technologists 21,800 3,600 16
Occupational health and 55,800 6,200 11
safety specialists
Occupational health and 10,900 1,600 14
safety technicians
Opticians, dispensing 59,800 8,000 13
Pharmacy technicians and aides 381,200 96,300 25
(*)
Radiologic technologists and 214,700 37,000 17
technicians
Surgical technologists 91,500 23,200 25
(*)
Veterinary technologists and 79,600 28,500 36
technicians (*)
Other professional and related occupations
Epidemiologists 4,800 700 15
Respiratory therapy 16,500 -200 -1
technicians
Occupation Employment prospects
Professional and related occupations
Computer and mathematical occupations
Actuaries Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth is projected as
industries not traditionally
associated with actuaries, such as
financial services and consulting,
employ these workers to assess risk.
Keen competition is expected.
Computer network, systems, and Much faster than average growth.
database administrators Employment of these workers should
grow as organizations increasingly
use network technologies and collect
and organize data. Job prospects are
expected to be excellent.
Computer scientists Much faster than average growth.
Employment is expected to increase
because of high demand for
sophisticated technological research.
Job prospects should be excellent.
Computer software engineers Much faster than average growth.
and computer programmers Employment is expected to increase as
businesses and other organizations
continue to demand newer, more
sophisticated software products. As a
result of rapid growth, job prospects
for software engineers should be
excellent. The need to replace
workers who leave the occupation is
expected to generate numerous
openings for programmers.
Computer support specialists Faster than average growth. As
technology becomes more complex and
has wider applications, these workers
will be needed to resolve problems.
Prospects should be good; jobseekers
with a bachelor's degree and relevant
work experience should have the best
opportunities.
Computer systems analysts Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth is projected as
organizations continue to adopt the
most efficient technologies and as
the need for information security
grows. Job prospects should be
excellent.
Mathematicians Much faster than average growth.
Technological advances are expected
to expand applications of
mathematics, leading to employment
growth of mathematicians. Competition
is expected to be keen. Jobseekers
with a strong background in math and
a related discipline should have the
best prospects.
Operations research analysts Much faster than average growth. As
technology advances and companies
further emphasize efficiency, demand
for operations research analysis
should continue to grow. Excellent
opportunities are expected,
especially for those who have an
advanced degree.
Statisticians About average growth. As data
processing becomes faster and more
efficient, employers are expected to
need statisticians to analyze data.
Projected employment growth for
biostatisticians is related to the
need for workers who can conduct
research and clinical trials.
Architects, surveyors and cartographers
Architects, except landscape Faster than average growth. Changing
and naval demographics, such as the
population's aging and shifting to
warmer States, should lead to
employment growth for architects to
design new buildings to accommodate
these changes. Job competition should
be keen.
Landscape architects Much faster than average growth.
Employment should grow as new
construction and redevelopment create
more opportunities for these workers.
Opportunities should be good, but
entry-level jobseekers should expect
keen competition for openings in
large firms.
Surveyors, cartographers, Faster than average growth.
photogrammetrists, and Increasing demand for geographic
surveying and mapping information should be the main source
technicians of employment growth. Jobseekers with
a bachelor's degree and strong
technical skills should have
favorable prospects.
Engineers
About average growth. Competitive
pressures and advancing technology
are expected to result in businesses
hiring more engineers. Overall, job
opportunities are expected to be
good. Professional, scientific, and
technical services industries should
generate most of the employment
growth.
Drafters and engineering technicians
Drafters Slower than average growth.
Employment growth of drafters is
expected to fall as computer-aided
drafting systems allow other workers
to complete tasks previously
performed by drafters. Opportunities
should be best for jobseekers who
have at least 2 years of
postsecondary training, strong
technical skills, and experience with
computer-aided drafting and design
systems.
Engineering technicians Slower than average growth.
Laborsaving efficiencies and the
automation of many engineering
support activities will limit the
need for new engineering technicians.
In general, opportunities should be
best for jobseekers who have an
associate degree or other
postsecondary training in engineering
technology.
Life scientists
Agricultural and food Faster than average growth. Job
scientists growth is expected to stem primarily
from efforts to increase the quantity
and quality of food for a growing
population and to balance output with
protection and preservation of soil,
water, and ecosystems. Opportunities
should be good for agricultural and
food scientists in almost all fields.
Biological scientists Much faster than average growth.
Biotechnological research and
development should continue to drive
job growth. Doctoral degree holders
are expected to face competition for
research positions in academia.
Conservation scientists and About average growht. Increased
foresters conservation efforts and continued
pressure to maximize efficient use of
natural resources are expected to
lead to more jobs for conservation
scientists. Jobseekers with a
bachelor's degree should have the
best prospects.
Medical scientists Much faster than average growth. New
discoveries in biological and medical
science are expected to create strong
employment growth for these workers.
Medical scientists with both doctoral
and medical degrees should have the
best opportunities.
Physical scientists
Atmospheric scientists Faster than average growth. As
research leads to continuing
improvements in weather forecasting,
employment of these workers is
projected to grow, especially in
private firms that provide weather
consulting services to climate-
sensitive industries such as farming
or insurance. Atmospheric scientists
face keen competition.
Chemists and materials Slower than average growth.
scientists Manufacturing companies' outsourcing
of research and development and
testing operations is expected to
limit employment growth for these
scientists. Most entry-level chemists
should expect competition for jobs,
particularly in declining chemical
manufacturing industries.
Environmental scientists and Much faster than average growth. A
specialists growing population and increased
awareness of environmental concerns
are expected to increase employment
of environmental scientists. These
workers should have good job
prospects, particularly in State and
local governments.
Geoscientists and hydrologists Faster than average growth. The need
for energy services, environmental
protection services, and responsible
land and water management is expected
to spur employment growth for these
workers. Jobseekers who have a
master's degree in geoscience should
have excellent opportunities.
Physicists and astronomers Faster than average growth. An
increased focus on basic research,
particularly that related to energy,
is expected to drive employment
growth for these workers. Prospects
should be favorable for physicists in
applied research, development, and
related technical fields and for
astronomers in government and
academia.
Social scientists and related occupations
Economists Slower than average growth. Although
demand for economic analysis will
grow, projected employment declines
for economists in government sectors
will temper overall growth.
Jobseekers who have a graduate degree
in economics should have the best
prospects.
Market and survey researchers Much faster than average growth.
Demand for market research is
expected as businesses strive to
increase sales and as governments
rely on survey research to form
public policy. Opportunities should
be best for jobseekers who have a
doctoral degree and strong
quantitative skills.
Psychologists About average growth. Employment
growth is expected due to increased
emphasis on mental health in a
variety of specializations, including
school counseling, depression, and
substance abuse. Jobseekers with a
doctoral degree should have the best
opportunities.
Urban and regional planners Faster than average growth. State and
local governments are expected to
hire urban and regional planners to
help manage population growth and
commercial development. Private
businesses, mainly architecture and
engineering firms, will also hire
these workers to deal with storm
water management, environmental
regulation, and other concerns. Job
prospects should be best for
jobseekers with a master's degree.
Sociologists and political Much faster than average growth.
scientists Employment growth of sociologists in
a variety of fields is tied to
expected demand for their research
and analytical skills. Political
scientists are expected to experience
employment growth especially in
nonprofit, political lobbying, and
civic organizations. Opportunities
should be best for jobseekers who
have an advanced degree.
Social scientists, other Much faster than average growth.
Anthropologists are projected to have
significant employment growth in the
management, scientific, and technical
consulting industry. Expected job
growth for archaeologists is
associated with large-scale
construction projects that must
comply with Federal laws to preserve
archaeological sites. Job competition
is expected, especially for
historians.
Science technicians
About average growth. The continued
growth of scientific and medical
research and the development and
manufacturing of technical products
are expected to drive employment
growth for these workers.
Opportunities are expected to be best
for graduates of applied science
technology programs who are
knowledgeable about equipment used in
laboratories or production
facilities.
Community and social services occupations
Counselors Faster than average growth.
Increasing demand for services
provided by counselors is expected to
result in employment growth. But
growth will vary by specialty and
will be faster for mental health,
substance abuse and behavioral
disorder, and rehabilitation
counselors than for counselors of
other specialties. Opportunities
should be favorable, particularly in
rural areas.
Health educators Faster than average growth. As
healthcare costs rise, insurance
companies, businesses, and
governments are expected to hire
health educators to teach the public
how to avoid and detect illnesses.
Opportunities should be favorable,
especially for those who have gained
experience through volunteer work or
internships.
Probation officers and Faster than average growth. Many
correctional treatment States are expected to emphasize
specialists alternatives to incarceration, such
as probation. As a result, employment
growth should be strong for these
workers. Opportunities should be
excellent.
Social and human service Much faster than average growth. As
assistants the elderly population grows, demand
for the services provided by these
workers is expected to increase.
Opportunities are expected to be
excellent, particularly for
jobseekers with some postsecondary
education, such as a certificate or
associate degree in a related
subject.
Social workers Faster than average growth. The
rapidly increasing elderly population
is expected to spur demand for social
services. Job prospects should be
favorable because of the need to
replace the many workers who are
leaving the occupation permanently.
Leqal occupations
Court reporters Faster than average growth. The
continuing need for transcripts of
legal proceedings, the growing demand
for TV and other broadcast
captioning, and the need to provide
translating services for the deaf and
the hard of hearing are expected to
create jobs. Prospects should be
excellent.
Judges, magistrates, and other Slower than average growth. Budget
judicial workers pressures are expected to limit the
hiring of new judges, particularly in
Federal courts. Alternatives to
litigation are usually faster and
less expensive, spurring employment
growth for other judicial workers,
such as arbitrators, mediators, and
conciliators.
Lawyers About average growth. Growth in both
population and business activity is
expected to result in more civil
disputes and criminal cases and,
thus, employment growth for lawyers.
This growth is expected to be
constrained, however, as paralegals
and other workers perform some of the
tasks previously done by lawyers.
Keen competition is expected.
Paralegals and legal Much faster than average growth.
assistants Increased demand for accessible,
cost-efficient legal services is
expected to increase employment for
paralegals, who may perform more
tasks previously done by lawyers.
Keen competition is expected.
Experienced, formally trained
paralegals should have the best job
prospects.
Education, training, library, and museum occupations
Archivists, curators, and Much faster than average growth.
museum technicians Employment for archivists is expected
to increase as public and private
organizations need categorization of
and access to increasing volumes of
records and information. Employment
growth for curators and museum
technicians should be strong as
museum attendance levels remain high.
Keen competition is expected.
Instructional coordinators Much faster than average growth.
Continued efforts to improve
educational standards are expected to
result in more new jobs for these
workers. Opportunities should be best
for jobseekers who train teachers to
use classroom technology and who have
experience in reading, mathematics,
and science.
Librarians About average growth. Growth in the
number of librarians is expected to
be limited by government budget
constraints and the increasing use of
electronic resources. Although many
openings are expected, there will be
competition for jobs in some regions.
Library technicians and About average growth. Budgetary
library assistants constraints are among the reasons job
growth may slow; however, continued
automation of library systems should
allow these workers to perform some
tasks previously done by librarians,
thereby increasing employment of
technicians. Opportunities should be
best for technicians with specialized
training.
Teacher assistants About average growth. An increase in
the numbers of students in special
education and students who are not
native speakers of English is
expected to create jobs for teacher
assistants. Opportunities should be
favorable.
Teachers-adult literacy and Faster than average growth. As the
remedial education need for educated workers increases,
so will the need for teachers to
instruct them. In addition, there
should be employment growth for
teachers to help immigrants and
others improve their English language
skills. Opportunities should be
favorable.
Teachers--postsecondary Faster than average growth.
Enrollments in post-secondary
institutions are expected to continue
rising as more people attend college
and as workers return to school to
update their skills. Opportunities
for part-time or temporary positions
should be favorable, but significant
competition exists for tenure-track
positions.
Teachers--preschool, except Faster than average growth. Continued
special education emphasis on early childhood education
is increasing the employment of
preschool teachers. The need to
replace workers who leave the
occupation permanently should create
good job opportunities.
Teachers--kindergarten, About average growth. Enrollment over
elementary, middle, and the projections decade is expected to
secondary grow more slowly than in recent
years. Prospects are usually better
in urban and rural areas, for
bilingual teachers, and for math and
science teachers.
Teachers--self-enrichment Much faster than average growth.
education Demand for self-enrichment education
will increase as more people embrace
lifelong learning or seek to acquire
or improve skills that make them more
attractive to prospective employers.
Opportunities should be favorable.
Teachers--special education Faster than average growth.
Employment of these teachers is
expected to rise as more students
qualify for special education
services. Excellent job prospects are
expected.
Teachers--vocational About average growth. Employment
growth for these workers should arise
from continued increases in school
enrollments, but growth will be
limited by the focus on traditional
academic subjects. Prospects are
expected to be favorable as workers
leave the occupation permanently.
Art and design occupations
Artists and related workers About average growth. Demand for
digital and multimedia artwork is
expected to drive growth. Competition
should be keen for certain kinds of
jobs. Multimedia artists and
animators should have better
opportunities than other artists.
Commercial and industrial About average growth. An increase in
designers demand for new and upgraded products
should lead to job growth for these
workers, but this growth is expected
to be tempered by the use of design
firms abroad. Keen competition is
expected.
Fashion designers Little or no change. Some job growth
is expected due to an increasing
population; however, many jobs in
apparel manufacturing will continue
to move abroad. Competition should be
keen.
Floral designers Moderate decline. Employment of
floral designers is expected to
decline as people purchase fewer
elaborate flower decorations. Job
opportunities should be good.
Graphic designers About average growth. Advertising
firms that specialize in digital and
interactive designs are expected to
drive growth, but declines in print
publishing will temper this growth.
Competition is expected to be keen.
Interior designers Faster than average growth. A growing
interest in interior design by both
homeowners and businesses is expected
to lead to employment increases in
this occupation. Competition is
expected to be keen, and jobseekers
with formal training should have the
best opportunities.
Entertainers and performers, sports and, related occupations
Actors, producers, and About average growth. Employment
directors growth is expected to be driven by
expanding film and television
operations and an increase in
production of online and mobile video
content. Keen competition is
expected.
Athletes, coaches, umpires, Much faster than average growth.
and related workers Employment is expected to grow as
more people participate in organized
sports. Keen competition is expected
for many jobs, such as professional
athletes. Opportunities should be
best for part-time umpires, referees,
and other sports officials at the
high school level.
Dancers and choreographers Slower than average growth. The
public's interest in dance is
expected to sustain employment in
large and mid-size dance companies,
but limited funding is expected to
curb growth in small companies.
Competition should continue to be
keen.
Musicians, singers, and About average growth. Most new
related workers wage-and-salary jobs are expected to
be in religious organizations.
Self-employed musicians should have
slower than average employment
growth. Keen competition is expected
for full-time positions.
Media and communications-related occupations
Announcers Moderate decline. Technology is
expected to continue increasing
announcers' productivity in editing
material and performing other
off-air tasks. This factor, combined
with broadcaster consolidation,
should limit employment of
announcers. Keen competition is
expected.
Authors, writers, and editors About average growth. Projected job
growth for these workers stems from
increased use of online media and
growing demand for Web-based
information. But print publishing is
expected to continue weakening. Job
competition should be keen.
Broadcast and sound About average growth. Employment
engineering technicians and growth is expected to vary. Demand
radio operators for audio-visual equipment is
growing, which should lead to
employment increases for audio and
video equipment technicians. But
labor productivity increases and
broadcast industry consolidation are
expected to limit growth in
broadcasting. Job prospects should be
best in small cities and towns.
Interpreters and translators Much faster than average growth.
Globalization and large increases in
the number of non-native English
speakers in the United States are
expected to lead to employment
increases for these workers. Job
prospects vary by specialty and
language.
News analysts, reporters, and Moderate decline. Consolidation in
correspondents publishing and broadcasting is
expected to result in job losses for
these workers. Competition is
expected to be keen at major
newspapers and stations; smaller
newspapers and stations should
provide better opportunities.
Photographers About average growth. Employment for
some photographers is expected to
increase as online publication of
magazines expands, but other
photographers are expected to be
adversely affected by amateur
photography and increased use of
copyright-free photos. Competition
should be keen.
Public relations specialists Much faster than average growth. As
the business environment becomes
increasingly globalized, the need for
good public relations and
communications is growing rapidly.
Opportunities should be best for
workers with knowledge of more than
one language.
Technical writers Faster than average growth. Fast
growth is expected because of the
need for technical writers to explain
an increasing number of scientific
and technical products. Prospects
should be good, especially for
workers with strong technical and
communication skills. Competition
will be keen for some jobs.
Television, video, and motion About average growth. Projected
picture camera operators employment growth will be driven by
and editors increases in the motion picture and
video industry; however, that growth
should be tempered by automation in
broadcasting. Competition is expected
to be keen.
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners
Audiologists Much faster than average growth.
Employment of audiologists is
expected to grow as the population
ages and more care is needed for the
elderly, who often have problems with
hearing and balance. Job prospects
should be favorable for jobseekers
who have a doctorate in audiology.
Chiropractors Much faster than average growth.
Projected growth stems from
increasing consumer demand for
alternative healthcare. Job prospects
for new chiropractors are expected to
be good, especially for those who
enter a multidisciplined practice.
Dentists Faster than average growth. An
increase in the elderly
population--who often need
complicated dental work--and expanded
insurance coverage for dental
procedures are expected to create job
growth. Good prospects are expected
from the need to replace the large
number of dentists who are retiring.
Dietitians and nutritionists About average growth. Employment
growth is expected to result from an
increasing emphasis on disease
prevention through improved diet. Job
opportunities should be best for
dietitians and nutritionists with
specialized training, an advanced
degree, or certifications beyond
minimum State requirements.
Occupational therapists Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for occupational
therapists should continue as the
population ages and better medical
technology increases the survival
rates of people who become injured or
ill. Job opportunities are expected
be good.
Optometrists Much faster than average growth. An
aging population and increasing
insurance coverage for vision care
are expected to lead to employment
growth for optometrists. Excellent
opportunities are expected.
Pharmacists Faster than average growth. The
increasing numbers of middle-aged and
elderly people--who use more
prescription drugs than younger
people--should continue to spur
employment growth for pharmacists.
Job prospects are expected to be
excellent.
Physical therapists Much faster than average growth.
Employment of physical therapists is
expected to increase as the
population ages and as better medical
technology increases survival rates
of people who become injured or ill.
Job opportunities should be good in
settings that treat primarily the
elderly.
Physician assistants Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for these workers
should be driven by an aging
population and by healthcare
providers' increasing use of
physician assistants to contain
costs. Opportunities should be good,
particularly in underserved areas.
Physicians and surgeons Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth is expected to be
tied to increases in the aging
population and in new medical
technologies that allow more maladies
to be diagnosed and treated. Job
prospects should be very good,
particularly in underserved areas.
Podiatrists About average growth. Projected
employment growth reflects a more
active, older population that is
sustaining a rising number of foot
injuries. Opportunities for
entry-level jobseekers should be good
for qualified applicants.
Radiation therapists Much faster than average growth. The
increasing number of elderly people,
who are more likely than younger
people to need radiation treatment,
is expected to lead to employment
growth for these workers. Prospects
are expected to be good; jobseekers
with a bachelor's degree should have
the best opportunities.
Recreational therapists Faster than average growth.
Employment growth for recreational
therapists is expected to continue as
the population ages and better
medical technology increases the
survival rates of people who become
injured or ill.
Registered nurses Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for registered
nurses will be driven by the medical
needs of an aging population. In
addition, registered nurses are
expected to provide more primary care
as a low-cost alternative to
physician-provided care. Job
opportunities should be excellent.
Respiratory therapists Much faster than average growth.
Growth of the elderly population is
expected to increase employment for
these workers, especially as they
take on additional duties related to
case management, disease prevention,
and emergency care. Opportunities are
expected to be very good.
Speech-language pathologists Faster than average growth. The aging
population, better medical technology
that increases the survival rates of
people who become injured or ill, and
growing enrollments in elementary and
secondary schools are expected to
increase employment of these workers.
Job prospects are expected to be
favorable.
Veterinarians Much faster than average growth.
Growth in the pet population and pet
owners' increased will-ingness to pay
for intensive veterinary care and
treatment are projected to create
significantly more jobs for
veterinarians. Excellent job
opportunities are expected.
Health technologists and technicians
Athletic trainers Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth is expected to be
concentrated in the healthcare
industry, as athletic training is
increasingly used to prevent illness
and injury. Job prospects for
athletic trainers should also be good
in high schools. Keen competition is
expected for positions with
professional and college sports
teams.
Cardiovascular technologists Much faster than average growth. An
and technicians aging population and the continued
prevalence of heart disease will
drive employment growth for
cardiovascular technologists and
technicians. Prospects should be the
best for jobseekers who have multiple
credentials.
Clinical laboratory Faster than average growth.
technologists and Employment of these workers is
technicians expected to rise as the volume of
laboratory tests continues to
increase with population growth and
the development of new tests.
Excellent opportunities are expected.
Dental hygienists Much faster than average growth. An
increase in the number of older
people and a growing emphasis on
preventative dental care are expected
to create jobs. To meet increased
demand, dental hygienists will
perform some services previously done
by dentists. Job prospects should be
favorable but will vary by geographic
location.
Diagnostic medical Faster than average growth. The aging
sonographers population's need for safe and
cost-effective diagnostic imaging
treatment is expected to spur
employment growth. Prospects should
be good for jobseekers who have
multiple professional credentials.
Emergency medical technicians About average growth. An aging
and paramedics population is expected to drive
employment growth in these
occupations. Opportunities should be
favorable, especially for jobseekers
with advanced certification.
Licensed practical and Much faster than average growth. An
licensed vocational nurses aging population is expected to boost
demand for nursing services. Job
prospects are expected to be very
good, especially in employment
settings that serve older
populations.
Medical records and health Much faster than average growth.
information technicians Employment of these workers is
expected to grow as the number of
elderly--a demographic group with a
higher incidence of injury and
illness--increases. Job prospects
should be best for technicians who
have strong skills in technology and
computer software.
Nuclear medicine technologists Faster than average growth. Job
growth is expected to result from
advancements in nuclear medicine and
an increase in the number of older
people requiring diagnostic
procedures. Competition is expected
to be keen.
Occupational health and About average growth. These workers
safety specialists will be needed to ensure workplace
safety in response to changing
hazards, regulations, public
expectations, and technology.
Occupational health and Faster than average growth. Fast
safety technicians growth is expected as some employers
contain costs by hiring more
technicians and fewer specialists to
ensure workplace safety in response
to changing hazards, regulations,
public expectations, and technology.
Opticians, dispensing About average growth. Demand for
vision correction will increase as
the population ages. But projected
employment growth for these workers
should be moderated by the increasing
prevalence of laser vision-correcting
surgery. Very good job prospects are
expected.
Pharmacy technicians and aides Much faster than average growth.
Growth in the population of
middle-aged and elderly people--who
use more prescription drugs than
younger people--should spur
employment increases for these
workers. Job prospects are expected
to be good.
Radiologic technologists and Faster than average growth. As the
technicians population grows and ages, demand for
diagnostic imaging is expected to
increase. Jobseekers who have
knowledge of multiple technologies
should have the best prospects.
Surgical technologists Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for these workers
is expected as a growing and aging
population has more surgeries and as
advances allow technologists to
assist surgeons more often. Job
opportunities should be best for
technologists who are certified.
Veterinary technologists and Much faster than average growth.
technicians Increases in the pet population and
in advanced veterinary care are
expected to create employment growth
for these workers. Excellent job
opportunities are expected.
Other professional and related occupations
Epidemiologists Faster than average growth.
Heightened awareness of bioterrorism
and rare but infectious diseases are
expected to spur employment growth
for these workers. Excellent
opportunities are expected.
Respiratory therapy Little or no change. Employment
technicians growth for these technicians is
expected to be limited because most
respiratory-care work is done by
respiratory therapists. Keen
competition is expected.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Service occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Dental assistants 295,300 105,600 36
(*)
Home health aides and personal 1,738,800 836,700 48
and home care aides (*) (*)
Massage therapists 122,400 23,200 19
Medical assistants 483,600 163,900 34
(*)
Medical transcriptionists 105,200 11,700 11
Nursing and psychiatric aides 1,532,300 279,600 18
(*)
Occupational therapist 34,400 10,300 30
assistants and aides (*)
Physical therapist assistants 109,900 37,900 35
and aides (*)
Protective service occupations
Correctional officers 518,200 48,300 9
Fire fighters 365,600 62,100 17
Police and detectives 883,600 84,700 10
Private detectives and 45,500 10,000 22
investigators (*)
Security guards and gaming 1,086,000 153,600 14
surveillance officers
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs, head cooks, and food 941,600 55,400 6
preparation and serving
supervisors
Cooks and food preparation 2,958,100 191,500 6
workers
Food and beverage serving and 7,652,400 760,700 10
related workers (*)
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Building cleaning workers 4,139,000 204,300 5
(*)
Grounds maintenance workers 1,520,600 269,200 18
(*)
Pest control workers 67,500 10,300 15
Personal care and service occupations
Animal care and service 220,400 45,500 21
workers (*)
Barbers, cosmetologists, and 821,900 165,500 20
other personal appearance (*)
workers
Child care workers 1,301,900 142,100 11
Fitness workers 261,100 76,800 29
(*)
Flight attendants 98,700 8,000 8
Gaming services occupations 178,700 25,700 14
Recreation workers 327,500 48,200 15
Other service occupations
Fire inspectors and 16,600 1,500 9
investigators
Makeup artists, theatrical and 2,800 500 17
performance
Occupation Employment prospects
Service occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Dental assistants Much faster than average growth. An
aging population and increased
emphasis on preventative dental care
will create more demand for dental
services, and dentists are expected
to hire more assistants to perform
routine tasks. Job prospects should
be excellent.
Home health aides and personal Much faster than average growth.
and home care aides Growth is expected to stem from a
rise in the number of elderly people,
an age group that relies increasingly
on home care for assistance with
daily activities. This growth,
together with the need to replace
workers who leave the occupation
permanently, should result in
excellent job prospects.
Massage therapists Faster than average growth. Growing
demand for massage services to help
improve health and wellness is
expected to create jobs for massage
therapists. Opportunities for
entry-level workers should be good.
Jobseekers with experience and
licensure or certification should
have the best prospects.
Medical assistants Much faster than average growth.
Technological advances in medicine
and the aging of the population will
create demand for healthcare, and
doctors are expected to hire more
assistants in response. Prospects
should be excellent, especially for
job-seekers with certification.
Medical transcriptionists About average growth. An aging
population is expected to need more
medical care, leading to more medical
records and creating employment
growth in this occupation.
Opportunities should be good,
especially for jobseekers who are
certified.
Nursing and psychiatric aides Faster than average growth.
Employment of nursing aides,
orderlies, and attendants is expected
to grow in response to the long-term
care needs of an increasing elderly
population. Employment of psychiatric
aides is projected to grow more
slowly than average due, in part, to
an ongoing trend toward outpatient
psychiatric treatment. Overall, job
opportunities for nursing and
psychiatric aides are expected to be
excellent.
Occupational therapist Much faster than average growth.
assistants and aides Employment growth for occupational
therapist assistants and aides should
continue as the population ages and
better medical technology increases
the survival rates of people who
become injured or ill. Job prospects
should be very good for assistants
who have credentials.
Physical therapist assistants Much faster than average growth.
and aides Projected growth stems from an
expected increase in the elderly
population and better medical
technology that increases the
survival rates of people who become
injured or ill. Job opportunities
should be good in settings that treat
the elderly.
Protective service occupations
Correctional officers About average growth. Employment
growth is expected to stem from
population increases and a
corresponding rise in the prison
population. Favorable job
opportunities are expected.
Fire fighters Faster than average growth. Most job
growth will stem from the conversion
of volunteer fire fighting positions
into paid positions. Jobseekers are
expected to face keen competition.
Those who have completed some fire
fighter education at a community
college and have EMT or paramedic
certification should have the best
prospects.
Police and detectives About average growth. Population
growth is the main source of demand
for police services. Overall,
opportunities in local police
departments should be favorable for
qualified applicants.
Private detectives and Much faster than average growth.
investigators Growth in employment of private
detectives and investigators
should result from heightened
confidentiality and security concerns
and from increased litigation. Keen
competition is expected for most
jobs.
Security guards and gaming Faster than average growth. Concern
surveillance officers about crime, vandalism, and terrorism
are expected to result in increased
demand for security services. This
increased demand, along with the need
to replace workers leaving the
occupation permanently, should result
in favorable iob opportunities.
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs, head cooks, and food Slower than average growth. Consumer
preparation and serving demand for convenience and a growing
supervisors variety of dining venues are expected
to create some jobs, but most
openings are expected to arise from
the need to replace workers who leave
the occupation. Competition should be
keen for jobs at upscale restaurants.
Cooks and food preparation Slower than average growth. New jobs
workers are expected to arise as people
continue to eat out and purchase
ready-made food, but growth will be
tempered as restaurants and
quick-service eating places find more
efficient ways to prepare meals.
Opportunities should be good.
Food and beverage serving and About average growth. Job growth is
related workers projected due to an expanding
population and the continued
popularity of dining out.
Opportunities should be excellent.
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Building cleaning workers Slower than average growth.
Employment of building cleaning
workers should grow, although slowly,
as the number of buildings in
operation increases. The need to
replace workers who leave the
occupation should create good job
prospects.
Grounds maintenance workers Faster than average growth. Demand
for lawn care and landscaping
services is expected to grow,
resulting in employment growth for
these workers. Job prospects are
expected to be good. Opportunities
for year-round work should be best in
regions with temperate climates.
Pest control workers Faster than average growth. Demand
for pest control services should grow
as consumers desire improved living
conditions and as the population
increases in warmer States, where
pests are more prevalent. Prospects
should be good.
Personal care and service occupations
Animal care and service Much faster than average growth. Pet
workers owners purchasing more
services--including grooming,
boarding, and training--is expected
to lead to employment growth for
animal care and service workers.
Emphasis on reducing animal abuse
should also increase their employment
in animal shelters. Excellent
opportunities are expected.
Barbers, cosmetologists, and Much faster than average growth. A
other personal appearance larger population and increasing
workers demand for personal appearante
services, especially skin care, are
expected to create jobs for these
workers. Prospects should be good,
especially for jobseekers who have
formal training.
Child care workers About average growth. Increased
emphasis on early childhood education
should lead to employment growth for
these workers. But growth is expected
to be moderated by relatively slow
growth in the population of children
under age 5. The need to replace
workers who leave the occupation
permanently should create good job
opportunities.
Fitness workers Much faster than average growth.
Employment growth for these workers
is expected due to increased concern
about health and physical fitness.
People who have degrees in
fitness-related subjects should have
better opportunities, and trainers
who incorporate new technology and
wellness issues as part of their
services may be more sought after.
Flight attendants About average growth. As the
population grows and the economy
expands, expected increases in the
volume of air passenger traffic will
lead to employment growth for flight
attendants. Competition is expected
to be keen. Jobseekers who have a
bachelor's degree and relevant
experience should have the best
prospects.
Gaming services occupations Faster than average growth. Expansion
of existing facilities and easing of
State government restrictions on
gaming facilities are expected to
drive employment growth in gaming
occupations. Keen competition is
expected. Prospects should be best
for jobseekers who have experience,
postsecondary training, and customer
service skills.
Recreation workers Faster than average growth. Growth
will stem from people spending more
time and money on recreation, but
budget constraints may limit the
number of new jobs. Applicants for
part-time, seasonal, and temporary
recreation jobs should have good
opportunities, but competition will
remain keen for full-time career
positions.
Other service occupations
Fire inspectors and About average growth. Employment of
investigators fire inspectors and investigators is
projected to grow along with growth
of the population. Job competition is
expected to be keen. Those who have
some post-secondary education or
relevant experience should have an
advantage.
Makeup artists, theatrical and Faster than average growth. Steady
performance growth in the entertainment industry
should result in increased employment
for these workers. Competition should
be keen. Job openings will be
concentrated in areas that have many
media production companies, such as
Los Angeles and New York.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Sales and related occupations
Advertising sales agents 166,800 12,100 7
Cashiers 3,550,000 125,500 4
Demonstrators and product 102,800 7,300 7
promoters
Insurance sales agents 434,800 51,600 12
Models 2,200 400 16
Real estate brokers and sales 517,800 74,300 14
agents
Retail salespersons 4,489,200 374,700 8
(*)
Sales engineers 78,000 6,900 9
Sales representatives, 1,973,200 143,200 7
wholesale and manufacturing
Sales worker supervisors 2,192,300 112,800 5
Securities, commodities, and 317,200 29,600 9
financial services sales
agents
Travel agents 105,300 -1,200 -1
Other sales and related occupations
Counter and rental clerks 448,200 13,700 3
Occupation Employment prospects
Sales and related occupations
Advertising sales agents About average growth. Continued
growth of media outlets is expected
to generate demand for advertising
sales. Opportunities for entry-level
workers should be good, especially
for jobseekers who have sales
experience and a college degree.
Cashiers Slower than average growth. The
increased use of self-service
checkout systems and the rising
popularity of online shopping are
expected to limit employment growth
for cashiers. But opportunities
should continue to be good because of
the need to replace workers who leave
the occupation.
Demonstrators and product About average growth. Employment
promoters growth should be driven by increases
in the number and size of trade shows
and by greater use of these workers
in retail establishments for in-store
promotions. Job openings should
be plentiful.
Insurance sales agents About average growth. Projected
employment increases stem from the
growth and aging of the population.
But these increases will be tempered
by insurance carriers attempting to
contain costs by relying on
independent agents rather than
employees. Job opportunities should
be best for college graduates with
good interpersonal skills.
Models Faster than average growth. Expected
growth in employment will be driven
by continued use of models to
advertise products. Keen competition
for jobs is expected because of the
perceived glamour of the occupation.
Real estate brokers and sales Faster than average growth. A growing
agents population is expected to require the
services of real estate agents and
brokers, creating more jobs for these
workers. People who are well-trained,
ambitious, and socially and
professionally active in their
communities should have the best
prospects.
Retail salespersons About average growth. As the
population grows and retail sales
increase, employment of these workers
is expected to grow. Opportunities
are expected to be good.
Sales engineers About average growth. Projected job
growth will stem from the increasing
variety and technical nature of goods
and services to be sold. Competition
is expected. Prospects should be best
for jobseekers with excellent
interpersonal skills and
communication, math, and science
aptitude.
Sales representatives, About average growth. Continued
wholesale and manufacturing expansion in the variety and number
of goods sold is expected to lead to
additional jobs for these workers.
Prospects should be best for
jobseekers with a college degree,
technical expertise, and
interpersonal skills.
Sales worker supervisors Slower than average growth. Limited
job growth is expected as retailers
increase the responsibilities of
existing sales worker supervisors and
as the retail industry grows slowly
overall. Competition is expected.
Jobseekers with college degrees and
retail experience should have the
best prospects.
Securities, commodities, and About average growth. Consolidation
financial services sales of the financial industry is expected
agents to inhibit employment growth.
Individuals' ability to manage their
own investments online is likely to
reduce the need for brokers. Job
competition should be keen.
Travel agents Little or no change. Demand for the
services of travel agents is expected
to decline with the increasing
ability of travelers to arrange their
own trips online. But demand for some
specialized services is expected to
grow. Jobseekers with formal training
should have the best opportunities.
Other sales and related occupations
Counter and rental clerks Slower than average growth. Trends
such as online shopping may impede
employment growth for these workers.
But because these occupations usually
require personal contact, they are
difficult to automate. Opportunities
are expected to be favorable.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Office and administrative support occupations
Financial clerks
Bill and account collectors 411,000 79,500 19
Bookkeeping, accounting, and 2,063,800 212,400 10
auditing clerks (*)
Gaming cage workers 39,200 -4,100 -10
Information and record clerks
Customer service 2,252,400 399,500 18
representatives (*)
Receptionists and information 1,139,200 172,900 15
clerks
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing
occupations
Cargo and freight agents 85,900 20,600 24
(*)
Couriers and messengers 122,400 -400 0
Postal Service mail carriers 343,300 -3,900 -1
Shipping, receiving, and 750,500 -49,300 -7
traffic clerks
Miscellaneous office and administrative support occupations
Desktop publishers 26,400 -5,900 -23
Office clerks, general 3,024,400 358,700 12
(*)
Secretaries and administrative 4,348,100 471,600 11
assistants (*)
Other office and administrative support occupations
Billing and posting clerks and 528,800 80,800 15
machine operators
Brokerage clerks 67,600 -1,800 -3
Communications equipment 181,600 -18,200 -10
operators
Computer operators 110,000 -20,500 -19
Credit authorizers, checkers, 63,800 1,800 3
and clerks
Data entry and information 426,200 -25,500 -6
processing workers
Dispatchers, except police, 195,700 -5,000 -3
fire, and ambulance
Eligibility interviewers, 119,500 11,000 9
government programs
File clerks 212,200 -49,600 -23
Hotel, motel, and resort desk 230,200 31,500 14
clerks
Human resources assistants, 169,700 -9,700 -6
except payroll and
timekeeping
Interviewers, except 233,400 36,400 16
eligibility and loan
Loan interviewers and clerks 210,400 9,100 4
Meter readers, utilities 45,300 -9,100 -20
Office and administrative 1,457,200 160,300 11
support worker supervisors
and managers
Order clerks 245,700 -64,200 -26
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 208,700 -10,900 -5
Police, fire, and ambulance 99,900 17,800 18
dispatchers
Postal Service clerks 75,800 -13,700 -18
Postal Service mail sorters, 179,900 -54,500 -30
processors, and processing
machine operators
Procurement clerks 81,500 4,800 6
Production, planning, and 283,500 4,300 2
expediting clerks
Reservation and 168,300 13,600 8
transportation ticket
agents and travel clerks
Stock clerks and order fillers 1,858,800 134,400 7
Tellers 600,500 37,500 6
Weighers, measurers, checkers, 71,900 -9,400 -13
and samplers, recordkeeping
Occupation Employment prospects
Office and administrative support occupations
Financial clerks
Bill and account collectors Faster than average growth. New jobs
are projected to be created in
industries in which delinquent
accounts are common, such as
healthcare and financial services.
Opportunities also should be
favorable. Jobseekers who have
related experience should have the
best prospects.
Bookkeeping, accounting, and About average growth. Overall
auditing clerks economic expansion will result in
more financial transactions and other
activities requiring recordkeeping,
leading to expected employment growth
for these workers. Job openings will
be plentiful, including many
opportunities for temporary and
part-time work.
Gaming cage workers Rapid decline. Employment declines
are expected as casinos increasingly
automate transactions, reducing the
need for these workers. Keen
competition is expected. Jobseekers
with good math and customer service
skills, casino experience, and some
background in accounting or
bookkeeping should have the best
opportunities.
Information and record clerks
Customer service Faster than average growth.
representatives Businesses are expected to place
increasing emphasis on customer
relations, resulting in increased
employment for these workers.
Prospects are expected to be good,
particularly for jobseekers who are
fluent in more than one language.
Receptionists and information Faster than average growth. Although
clerks technology makes these workers more
productive, many new jobs are
expected as clerical work is
consolidated and involves more tasks.
Employment growth is expected in
offices of physicians and other
health practitioners and in the legal
services, personal care services,
construction, and management and
technical consulting industries.
Plentiful opportunities are expected.
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing
occupations
Cargo and freight agents Much faster than average growth. More
agents should be needed to handle the
growing number of shipments resulting
from expected increases in cargo
traffic. Job prospects should be
good.
Couriers and messengers Little or no change. The need for
document delivery services is
expected to continue lessening due to
widespread use of computers and the
Internet. But some demand should
arise, especially for items that
cannot be sent electronically. Most
openings are expected to be in large
urban areas.
Postal Service mail carriers Little or no change. Declining mail
volume, along with automation, is
expected to offset employment growth
driven by the need to provide
mail-delivery services to a growing
population. Keen competition is
expected. Opportunities are expected
to be best in areas experiencing
population growth.
Shipping, receiving, and Moderate decline. The use of more
traffic clerks advanced logistics and inventory
software is expected to enhance
productivity and lower employment for
these workers. Most job openings are
expected to arise from the need to
replace existing workers who leave
the occupation permanently.
Miscellaneous office and administrative support occupations
Desktop publishers Rapid decline. Availability of
user-friendly software is expected
to make desktop publishing by
nonprofessionals more common,
reducing employment in this
occupation. Job prospects should be
best for those with experience.
Office clerks, general About average growth. Employment
growth is expected to be spurred by
new technology that allows these
clerks to perform tasks previously
done by specialists. Numerous
opportunities are expected.
Secretaries and administrative About average growth. Projected
assistants employment growth varies by
occupational specialty. Faster than
average growth is expected for
medical secretaries and legal
secretaries; average growth for
executive secretaries and
administrative assistants; and slower
than average growth for secretaries
other than legal, medical, or
executive, who account for most of
the workers in these specialties.
Many opportunities are expected.
Other office and administrative support occupations
Billing and posting clerks and Faster than average growth.
machine operators Employment growth is projected to
stem from an increasing number of
transactions, especially in the
rapidly growing healthcare industry.
Prospects should be good.
Brokerage clerks Moderate decline. Industry
consolidation and automation are
expected to reduce employment growth
for these workers. Keen competition
is expected.
Communications equipment Rapid decline. Automation, the
operators movement of jobs abroad, and the
proliferation of cell phones are
expected to reduce employment for
these workers. But job prospects
should be favorable because of the
need to replace existing workers who
leave the occupation permanently.
Computer operators Rapid decline. Advances in technology
will make many of the duties
performed by these workers obsolete.
Opportunities should be best for
those who have formal computer
education, familiarity with a variety
of operating systems, and current
knowledge of technology.
Credit authorizers, checkers, Slower than average growth.
and clerks Employment growth is expected to be
limited because technology continues
to improve efficiency in processing
credit applications. Some growth
should result, however, from
increased risk aversion and closer
attention to credit policies by
lenders. Prospects should be good.
Data entry and information Moderate decline. Improved
processing workers technologies and an increased
expectation that most people perform
their own data entry and information
processing tasks are projected to
reduce employment of these workers.
Job prospects should be best for
those who have strong technical
skills.
Dispatchers, except police, Moderate decline. Increasing worker
fire, and ambulance productivity is expected to cause a
decline in employment, but this
decline may be offset, somewhat, by
population growth. Opportunities
should be favorable.
Eligibility interviewers, About average growth. As the
government programs population ages, retires, and becomes
eligible for benefits and programs,
employment in this occupation is
expected to increase. But employment
growth may be tempered by a trend
toward automated services, such as
online application. Job opportunities
are expected to be favorable.
File clerks Rapid decline. Employment is expected
to decline due to productivity gains
from office automation and the
consolidation of clerical jobs. But
favorable opportunities are expected,
due to the need to replace existing
workers who leave the occupation.
Prospects should be best for
jobseekers who have good typing or
secretarial skills and are familiar
with office machinery.
Hotel, motel, and resort desk Faster than average growth. As the
clerks economy improves, travel is expected
to increase and developers are
expected to open more hotels. Job
prospects for these clerks should be
favorable.
Human resources assistants, Moderate decline. Productivity gains
except payroll and from office automation are expected
timekeeping to lead to declines in the employment
of human resources assistants.
Jobseekers may face competition.
Opportunities should be best for
those who have excellent
communication and computer skills.
Interviewers, except Faster than average growth. Growth
eligibility and loan in market research and healthcare
industries is expected to generate
jobs for interviewers. Prospects
should be good.
Loan interviewers and clerks Slower than average growth. The
prevalence of online loan
applications is expected to limit
employment for loan interviewers, but
some growth should result from a rise
in the volume of loans due to
population increases. Opportunities
should be best for jobseekers who
have good customer service and math
skills.
Meter readers, utilities Rapid decline. Automated meter
reading systems that are operated
remotely are expected to reduce
employment of meter readers. But
opportunities are expected to be good
because of the need to replace
workers who leave the occupation.
Office and administrative About average growth. Employment
support worker supervisors growth is expected to be tempered by
and managers technological advances that increase
the productivity of--and thus
decrease the need for--these workers
and the workers they supervise. Keen
competition is expected.
Order clerks Rapid decline. Improvements in
technology continue to increase
worker productivity and decrease the
need for order clerks. But
opportunities are expected to be
favorable, especially for seasonal
work, because of the need to replace
existing workers who leave the
occupation.
Payroll and timekeeping clerks Moderate decline. Projected
employment declines will result from
increased automation of the payroll
and timekeeping process. But
opportunities are expected due to the
need to replace workers leaving the
occupation. Jobseekers with
certification should have the best
prospects.
Police, fire, and ambulance Faster than average growth. The
dispatchers growing and aging population will
increase demand for emergency
services, leading to employment
increases for these dispatchers. Job
opportunities should be favorable.
Postal Service clerks Rapid decline. Postal Service clerks
will be adversely affected by
continued declines in the volume of
first-class mail. Keen competition is
expected because this occupation has
relatively few entry requirements and
attractive wages and benefits.
Postal Service mail sorters, Rapid decline. Increased automation
processors, and processing is expected to decrease employment of
machine operators these workers. Keen competition is
expected to continue because this
occupation has relatively few entry
requirements and attractive wages and
benefits.
Procurement clerks Slower than average growth.
Employment of procurement clerks
should diminish as computers are
increasingly used by suppliers to
place direct orders and by consumers
to place Internet orders. Job
prospects are expected to be
favorable.
Production, planning, and Little or no change. Job openings are
expediting clerks expected to arise from the need to
replace workers who leave the
occupation. Opportunities should be
limited in manufacturing but better
in industries with faster growth,
such as wholesale trade and
warehousing.
Reservation and About average growth. Increased use
transportation ticket of online reservations systems and
agents and travel clerks self-service ticketing machines are
expected to reduce the number of
workers needed for most routine
services, but these agents and clerks
will still provide in-person
requests. Competition is expected.
Stock clerks and order fillers About average growth. Steady growth
is expected, especially in retail
trade where workers handling
individual items and small quantities
make job tasks difficult to automate.
Job prospects should be good because
of the need to replace workers who
leave the occupation.
Tellers Slower than average growth. Banks
opening branches in a variety of
locations, such as grocery stores,
should result in some employment
growth. Favorable job prospects are
expected.
Weighers, measurers, checkers, Rapid decline. Increased automation
and samplers, recordkeeping of the tasks performed by these
workers is expected to lead to
employment declines. Favorable
opportunities are expected, however,
because of the need to replace
existing workers who leave the
occupations.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Fishers and fishing vessel 35,600 -2,700 -8
operators
Forest and conservation 12,900 1,100 9
workers
Logging workers 66,100 3,900 6
Agricultural workers, other 821,700 -17,400 -2
Other farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Agricultural inspectors 16,600 2,100 13
Graders and sorters, 33,400 100 0
agricultural products
Occupation Employment prospects
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Fishers and fishing vessel Moderate decline. Seafood imports and
operators the prevalence of farm-raised fish
have reduced employment of these
workers. Most job openings are
expected to come from the need to
replace workers who leave the
occupation. Large fishing operations
should provide the best prospects.
Forest and conservation About average growth. Employment of
workers forest and conservation workers is
projected to increase along with
interest in protecting natural
resources and wildlife habitats. The
best employment opportunities should
continue to be in the Southeast and
the Pacific Northwest.
Logging workers Slower than average growth. Demand
for new wood products should spur
some employment growth. But job
growth is likely to be modest because
of mechanization and competition from
other countries with well developed
logging industries.
Agricultural workers, other Little or no change. Continued
consolidation of farms and
productivity gains from increased use
of agricultural machinery are
expected to curb the need for
additional workers. But job openings
should be plentiful.
Other farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Agricultural inspectors About average growth. Federal and
State governments, the largest
employers of these workers, are not
expected to hire a significant number
of new inspectors. Job prospects
should be good to replace the many
agricultural inspectors expected to
leave the occupation permanently.
Graders and sorters, Little or no change. Increases in
agricultural products automation and in agricultural
imports should limit employment
growth in this occupation Most
openings are expected to result from
workers leaving the occupation.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Construction trades and related workers
Boilermakers 20,200 3,800 19
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and 160,200 18,500 12
stonemasons
Carpenters 1,284,900 165,400 13
Carpet, floor, and the 160,500 11,400 7
installers and finishers
Cement masons, concrete 207,800 26,700 13
finishers, segmental payers,
and terrazzo workers
Construction and building 106,400 17,900 17
inspectors
Construction equipment 469,300 56,200 12
operators
Construction laborers 1,248,700 255,900 20
(*) (*)
Drywall and ceiling the 237,700 28,500 12
installers, tapers,
plasterers, and stucco
masons
Electricians 694,900 83,000 12
Elevator installers and 24,900 2,300 9
repairers
Glaziers 54,100 4,200 8
Hazardous materials removal 42,500 6,300 15
workers
Insulation workers 57,300 9,900 17
Painters and paperhangers 450,100 29,800 7
Plumbers, pipelayers, 555,900 86,300 16
pipefitters, and
steamfitters
Roofers 148,900 5,700 4
Sheet metal workers 170,700 11,100 6
Structural and reinforcing 97,800 12,200 12
iron and metal workers
Occupation Employment prospects
Construction trades and related workers
Boilermakers Faster than average growth. Projected
employment growth will be driven by
the need to maintain and upgrade
existing boilers and install
equipment that is less harmful to the
environment. Job prospects should be
favorable.
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and About average growth. Employment
stonemasons growth is expected to be driven by a
growing population's need for many
types of new structures. These
workers will also be needed to
renovate older buildings and increase
their energy efficiency.
Carpenters About average growth. New
construction projects are expected to
increase employment for carpenters.
Opportunities should be best for
jobseekers who prepare through an
apprenticeship or other formal
training.
Carpet, floor, and the About average growth. Expected
installers and finishers employment gains for these workers
will arise from growing population
and resulting increases in building
and renovating structures. Job
openings are also expected from the
need to replace workers who leave the
occupations permanently.
Cement masons, concrete About average growth. Expected
finishers, segmental payers, employment growth should result from
and terrazzo workers new construction projects and from
the need to repair and renovate
existing highways, bridges, and other
structures. Entry-level opportunities
should be good.
Construction and building Faster than average growth.
inspectors Employment growth is expected to be
driven by desires for safety and
improved quality of construction.
Prospects should be best for workers
who have some college education,
certification, and construction
experience.
Construction equipment About average growth. Increased
operators government spending on infrastructure
is expected to generate employment
growth for these workers. Operators
who have varied expertise are
expected to have the best prospects.
Construction laborers Much faster than average growth.
Employment of these workers is
projected to increase because of
additional government spending on
infrastructure repair and
reconstruction. Opportunities will
vary based on jobseekers' experience,
training, and willingness to
relocate.
Drywall and ceiling the About average growth. Projected
installers, tapers, employment growth is likely to stem
plasterers, and stucco from increases in new construction
masons and remodeling. Overall job prospects
are expected to be good, especially
for experienced workers.
Electricians About average growth. Population
growth is expected to spur increases
in construction, which in turn will
increase employment of electricians.
The need to update the electrical
systems of existing buildings should
also drive employment growth.
Opportunities should be good.
Elevator installers and About average growth. The need to
repairers install new equipment and to
maintain, update, and repair old
equipment should lead to employment
growth for these workers. Entry-level
workers should have excellent
opportunities.
Glaziers About average growth. Projected
employment growth will stem from
increasing demand for new
construction of commercial structures
as well as the need to modernize and
repair existing structures. Job
prospects should be best for glaziers
who have a broad range of skills.
Hazardous materials removal Faster than average growth.
workers Employment growth is expected due to
increased calls for eco-friendly
electric generation facilities and
production of nuclear power. Job
opportunities are expected to be
good.
Insulation workers Faster than average growth. Expected
employment increases for insulation
workers are spurred by the need to
make existing buildings more energy
efficient. Anticipated construction
of new power plants should also lead
to employment gains. Opportunities
are expected to be excellent,
particularly for jobseekers with
knowledge of weatherization.
Painters and paperhangers About average growth. Construction,
remodeling, and maintenance of
existing buildings and infrastructure
will drive employment growth for
these workers. Job prospects should
be good because of the need to
replace workers who leave these
occupations permanently.
Plumbers, pipelayers, Faster than average growth.
pipefitters, and Employment of these workers is
steamfitters projected to increase due to new
construction and renovation projects,
as well as maintenance of existing
pipe systems. Increasing emphasis on
water conservation should require
retrofitting to conserve water,
leading to employment growth for
plumbers. Workers with welding
experience should have especially
good opportunities.
Roofers Slower than average growth. The need
to install and repair new and
existing roofs should generate some
job growth. But this growth is
expected to be limited as a greater
proportion of roofing tasks are
completed by other construction
workers.
Sheet metal workers Slower than average growth.
Employment of sheet metal workers in
the construction industry is expected
to increase along with building
activity. But employment is likely to
decline somewhat in manufacturing,
due to increased automation and the
movement of some work abroad.
Opportunities should be particularly
good for jobseekers who have
apprenticeship training or who are
certified welders.
Structural and reinforcing About average growth. Opportunities
iron and metal workers are expected to arise from the need
to build new structures and from the
need to maintain, repair, and replace
existing ones. Job prospects should
be best in the South and the West due
to their growing populations.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
Computer, automated teller, 152,900 -6,700 -4
and office machine repairers
Electrical and electronics 160,900 7,500 5
installers and repairers
Electronic home entertainment 51,200 5,500 11
equipment installers and
repairers
Radio and telecommunications 208,800 -700 0
equipment installers and
repairers
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
Aircraft and avionics 140,300 9,800 7
equipment mechanics and
service technicians
Automotive body and related 185,900 1,100 I
repairers
Automotive service technicians 763,700 35,900 5
and mechanics
Diesel service technicians and 263,100 14,900 6
mechanics
Heavy vehicle and mobile 190,700 15,500 8
equipment service
technicians and mechanics
Small engine mechanics 70,400 4,800 7
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Heating, air-conditioning, 308,200 86,600 28
and refrigeration mechanics (*)
and installers
Home appliance repairers 49,600 1,100 2
Industrial machinery 408,300 25,000 6
mechanics and millwrights
Line installers and repairers 284,900 6,600 2
Maintenance and repair 1,361,300 147,900 11
workers, general
Medical equipment repairers 41,400 11,300 27
(*)
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Camera and photographic 4,600 -700 -15
equipment repairers
Coin, vending, and amusement 43,800 3,100 7
machine servicers and
repairers
Musical instrument repairers 6,100 0 0
and tuners
Watch repairers 3,200 -400 -14
Occupation Employment prospects
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
Computer, automated teller, Moderate decline. Projected
and office machine repairers employment growth will be constrained
by the use of laborsaving technology.
Job prospects are expected to be
limited. Jobseekers with
certification, formal training,
knowledge of electronics, and repair
experience should have the best
prospects.
Electrical and electronics Slower than average growth.
installers and repairers Employment growth for these workers
is expected to be limited as
improvements in the quality of
electrical and electronic equipment
result in less need for repairs. The
best prospects are expected for
jobseekers who have certification,
an associate degree, and relevant
experience.
Electronic home entertainment About average growth. Employment of
equipment installers and these workers should rise along with
repairers sales of home entertainment
equipment. But as the cost of this
equipment falls, a preference for
replacement over repair may limit
employment growth. Opportunities
should be best for jobseekers who
have certification, knowledge of
electronics, relevant experience, and
customer service skills.
Radio and telecommunications Little or no change.
equipment installers and Telecommunications companies
repairers providing many new services, such as
faster Internet connections and video
on demand, are expected to result in
employment growth for these workers.
But better equipment will require
less maintenance work, slowing
employment growth. Prospects should
be best for jobseekers with computer
skills and training in electronics.
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
Aircraft and avionics About average growth. Air traffic is
equipment mechanics and expected to increase due to an
service technicians expanding economy and a growing
population, leading to employment
growth for aircraft mechanics and
service technicians. Prospects should
be best for jobseekers who have
experience and professional
certification.
Automotive body and related Little or no change. As vehicle
repairers components become more
technologically advanced and
expensive, the trend for vehicles to
be declared a total loss following a
collision is expected to result in
fewer repairs and, thus, minimal
employment growth for these workers.
But many job openings are expected to
occur as existing workers leave the
occupation permanently. Jobseekers
with formal training should have the
best prospects.
Automotive service technicians Slower than average growth.
and mechanics Consolidation in the automobile
dealer industry, a significant
employer of technicians, is expected
to limit growth in this occupation.
But some opportunities are expected
because of the need to service the
growing number of vehicles in the
United States. Jobseekers who
complete formal training should have
good prospects.
Diesel service technicians and Slower than average growth. The
mechanics increasing durability of new diesel
engines is expected to hamper growth
for the workers who repair them. This
factor will be partially offset by
the need for these workers due to
increased freight shipments and the
need to retrofit vehicles to meet
environmental regulations.
Opportunities should be very good for
jobseekers with technical skills and
formal training.
Heavy vehicle and mobile About average growth. Continued
equipment service expansion of the industries that use
technicians and mechanics heavy mobile equipment, such as
agriculture and energy exploration
and mining, should lead to additional
jobs for these workers. Opportunities
should be good for jobseekers who
have experience or formal training.
Small engine mechanics About average growth. Employment
growth is projected to be greatest
for workers who repair motorcycles as
the number of registered motorcycles
continues to increase. Excellent job
prospects are expected for jobseekers
with formal training.
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Heating, air-conditioning, Much faster than average growth.
and refrigeration mechanics Demand for better energy management
and installers is expected to create jobs for
workers who replace older systems in
existing homes and buildings with
newer, more efficient units.
Prospects should be excellent,
particularly for jobseekers who have
completed accredited training
programs or formal apprenticeships.
Home appliance repairers Little or no change. Smaller,
inexpensive appliances are
increasingly replaced rather than
repaired, resulting in minimal
projected job growth for repairers to
service major appliances. Excellent
job prospects are expected, however.
Opportunities should be best in
metropolitan areas and for jobseekers
who have formal training.
Industrial machinery Slower than average growth. The
mechanics and millwrights increasing reliance on machinery in
manufacturing is expected to lead to
employment growth for these
maintenance and installation workers.
Favorable job prospects are expected.
Line installers and repairers Little or no change. Despite declines
in some of the industries that employ
these workers, some growth is
expected as cities and the overall
population expand and create a need
for power and communications lines.
Very good opportunities are expected
as more workers in the electrical
power industry near retirement age
than workers in other industries.
Maintenance and repair About average growth. Employment is
workers, general related to the extent of building
stock and the amount of equipment
needing maintenance and repair.
Opportunities should be excellent,
especially for jobseekers with
experience or certification.
Medical equipment repairers Much faster than average growth. An
increased demand for healthcare
services and the growing complexity
of medical equipment are projected to
result in greater need for these
repairers. Excellent job prospects
are expected. Jobseekers who have an
associate degree should have the best
prospects.
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Camera and photographic Rapid decline. Because of
equipment repairers technological improvements, most
consumers opt to replace a broken
camera with a newer model rather than
have the broken one repaired.
Competition for jobs is expected as
employment declines limit
opportunities.
Coin, vending, and amusement About average growth. Although the
machine servicers and number of vending and slot machines
repairers is expected to rise, these machines
are becoming easier to maintain and
repair. There will be fewer video
arcade machines as people play more
of these games at home. Job
opportunities should be excellent for
repairers with training in
electronics who are willing to travel
and to work irregular hours.
Musical instrument repairers Little or no change. Band and
and tuners orchestra programs in high
schools--the primary source of
business for repairers--are not as
prevalent as they once were. But job
opportunities should arise from the
need to replace workers who are
leaving the occupation permanently.
Watch repairers Rapid decline. The high cost of
repairs will compel many consumers to
replace their watches rather than
have them fixed. But good prospects
are expected from the need to replace
workers leaving the occupation.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Production occupations
Assemblers and fabricators
1,950,900 -37,800 -2
Food processing occupations
706,700 27,400 4
Metal workers and plastic workers
Computer control programmers 157,800 6,700 4
and operators
Machine setters, operators, 1,028,400 -129,400 -13
and tenders--metal and
plastic
Machinists 421,500 -19,300 -5
Tool and die makers 84,300 -6,700 -8
Welding, soldering, and 466,400 -10,500 -2
brazing workers
Printing occupations
Bookbinders and bindery 66,500 -12,900 -19
workers
Prepress technicians and 106,900 -14,300 -13
workers
Printing machine operators 195,600 -10,700 -5
Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations
787,500 -119,900 -15
Woodworkers
323,300 20,600 6
Plant and system operators
Power plant operators, 50,400 200 0
distributors, and
dispatchers
Stationary engineers and 41,600 2,200 5
boiler operators
Water and liquid waste 113,400 22,500 20
treatment plant and system (*)
operators
Miscellaneous production occupations
Inspectors, testers, sorters, 464,700 -16,900 -4
samplers, and weighers
Jewelers and precious stone 52,100 2,800 5
and metal workers
Medical, dental, and 95,200 13,100 14
ophthalmic laboratory
technicians
Painting and coating workers, 192,700 7,300 4
except construction and
maintenance
Semiconductor processors 31,600 -10,000 -32
Other production occupations
Photographic process workers 73,000 -11,800 -16
and processing machine
operators
Occupation Employment prospects
Production occupations
Assemblers and fabricators
Little or no change. Increased
production and efficiency in
manufacturing, where most of these
workers are employed, should
stabilize employment. Good job
prospects are expected.
Food processing occupations
Slower than average growth. Increased
demand for processed food is expected
to increase the need for these
workers, but efficient processing and
distribution practices will offset
growing output. Opportunities should
be good because of the need to
replace workers who leave these
occupations.
Metal workers and plastic workers
Computer control programmers Slower than average growth.
and operators Employment growth is expected to be
driven by the increased use of
computer controlled machinery. lob
competition will exist; jobseekers
who can operate many types of
machines should have the best
opportunities.
Machine setters, operators, Rapid decline. The use of more
and tenders--metal and efficient production equipment should
plastic cause declines. Most openings are
expected to arise from the need to
replace existing workers who leave
the occupation permanently.
Machinists Moderate decline. Employment growth
should be affected by increased
productivity requiring fewer
machinists. But technology is not
expected to affect their employment
as significantly as that of other
production workers. Opportunities
should be good because of the many
openings expected to arise from the
need to replace workers who leave the
occupation permanently.
Tool and die makers Moderate decline. More advanced
machinery will improve the
productivity of these workers.
However, the need to replace the many
workers who are expected to leave the
occupation should create excellent
opportunities.
Welding, soldering, and Little or no change. An expected
brazing workers decline in the demand for welders due
to automation should be offset
somewhat by the need to visually
inspect welds and operate welding
machinery. Few people are training to
enter this field, so good job
prospects are expected.
Printing occupations
Bookbinders and bindery Rapid decline. Employment is expected
workers to slow as print productivity
increases and as distribution of
advertising supplements shifts from
print to electronic media.
Experienced workers should continue
to have the best opportunities for
skilled jobs.
Prepress technicians and Rapid decline. Improvements in
workers printing technology and the growing
use of publishing software are
expected to increase productivity and
reduce the need for these workers.
Opportunities should be favorable for
workers with strong computer and
customer service skills.
Printing machine operators Moderate decline. Increasing printer
speed and automation are expected to
lower employment for press operators.
The need to replace those who leave
the occupation should create
favorable opportunities for workers
trained in using computerized
equipment.
Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations
Rapid decline. Continued job loss is
expected due to increasing imports,
the growing use of assembly abroad,
and automation. But some openings
should arise from the need to replace
workers who leave the occupation.
Woodworkers
Slower than average growth.
Automation has reduced the number of
people required to produce a finished
product, but improved efficiency has
also made domestic wood products more
competitive with imports. Job
prospects should be excellent for
highly qualified workers.
Plant and system operators
Power plant operators, Little or no change. Although annual
distributors, and energy use continues to grow in the
dispatchers United States, greater power plant
efficiency is expected to temper
employment gains resulting from that
growth. Job opportunities should be
excellent, however, because of the
need to replace a large number of
retiring workers.
Stationary engineers and Slower than average growth.
boiler operators Commercial and industrial development
is expected to increase the amount
of equipment to be operated and
maintained. Jobseekers face
competition; those who have completed
an apprenticeship or other formal
training should have the best
prospects.
Water and liquid waste Much faster than average growth.
treatment plant and system Growth in the population, especially
operators in suburban areas, is expected to
boost demand for water and
wastewater-treatment services. Job
opportunities should be excellent.
Miscellaneous production occupations
Inspectors, testers, sorters, Moderate decline. Automated
samplers, and weighers inspection equipment and a
redistribution of some quality
control duties from inspectors to
production workers are expected to
contribute to employment declines in
these occupations. Job opportunities
should be better for workers who have
experience.
Jewelers and precious stone Slower than average growth. Continued
and metal workers increases in jewelry imports, as well
as consolidation and growth in online
jewelers, are expected to constrain
employment growth of this occupation.
Employment opportunities should be
favorable for skilled jewelers.
Medical, dental, and Faster than average growth. The
ophthalmic laboratory ongoing preva-lence of chronic
technicians diseases--which often necessitate the
use of medical devices--is expected
to increase employment of medical
appliance technicians. And an aging
population and increased demand for
cosmetic dental procedures should
create more jobs for dental and
ophthalmic laboratory technicians.
Favorable job prospects are expected.
Painting and coating workers, Slower than average growth. Projected
except construction and employment growth will be driven by
maintenance the increased number of goods that
need painting and coating. Good job
prospects are expected, due to the
need to replace workers who leave the
occupation.
Semiconductor processors Rapid decline. Despite strong demand
for micro-processors, automation is
expected to result in continued
employment declines in this
occupation. Competition for jobs is
expected.
Other production occupations
Photographic process workers Rapid decline. Projected employment
and processing machine declines for these workers are tied
operators to the proliferation of self-service
machines, home printers, and online
ordering that meet most of the demand
for digital prints. Also, photo
editing software makes it easier for
consumers to edit their own
photographs.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Transportation and material moving occupations
Air transportation occupations
Air traffic controllers 26,200 3,400 13
Aircraft pilots and flight 116,000 13,700 12
engineers
Motor vehicle operators
Bus drivers 647,500 43,900 7
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 232,300 36,100 16
Truck drivers and driver/sales 3,189,300 291,900 9
workers (*)
Rail transportation occuations
130,500 12,000 9
Water transportation occupations
81,100 12,000 15
Material moving occupations
4,583,700 -46,500 -1
Occupation Employment prospects
Transportation and material moving occupations
Air transportation occupations
Air traffic controllers About average growth. More
controllers are expected to be needed
to handle increasing air traffic.
Competition for admission to the FAA
Academy--the usual first step in
employment as an air traffic
controller--is expected to remain
keen.
Aircraft pilots and flight About average growth. Population
engineers growth and economic expansion are
expected to boost demand for air
travel. Regional airlines and
low-cost carriers should have the
best opportunities; pilots vying for
jobs with major airlines face strong
competition.
Motor vehicle operators
Bus drivers About average growth. Population
growth is expected to create jobs for
school bus drivers, and the increased
popularity of public transportation
as an alternative to driving should
create employment growth for transit
and intercity bus drivers. Good job
prospects are expected.
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs Faster than average growth. Growth
in tourism and business travel is
expected to lead to employment
increases for these workers. Job
opportunities are expected to be
plentiful.
Truck drivers and driver/sales About average growth. Employment
workers growth for these workers is expected
to correspond to overall economic
growth. Job opportunities should be
favorable, especially for long-haul
drivers.
Rail transportation occuations
About average growth. Freight
transportation and the occupations
associated with it are expected to
expand as global trade increases and
as more goods are shipped by rail.
Opportunities should be good for
qualified jobseekers because many
workers, particularly at freight
railroads, are expected to retire.
Water transportation occupations
Faster than average growth. lob
growth is expected to stem from
increasing tourism and from growth in
offshore oil and gas production.
Employment is also projected to
increase in and around major port
cities due to growing international
trade. Opportunities should be
excellent as the need to replace
workers, particularly officers,
generates many job openings.
Material moving occupations
Little or no change. Improvements in
technology are expected to increase
productivity, holding employment
stable. Good job prospects are
expected from the need to replace the
many workers leaving these
occupations.
Employment change,
projected
2008-18 (1)
Employment,
Occupation 2008 Numeric Percent
Opportunities in the U.S. Armed Forces
1,375,100 (2) (3) (3)
Occupation Employment prospects
Opportunities in the U.S. Armed Forces
Opportunities should be excellent in
all branches of the military for
applicants who meet designated
standards.
(1) Numeric and percent changes are rounded, but they are calculated
from unrounded figures for current and projected employment.
(2) Source: U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Manpower Data Center.
Data are for May 31, 2008, and exclude U.S. Coast Guard. For U.S.
military personnel statistics, see http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/
personnel/MILITARY/miltop.htm.
(3) A projection is not available from the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
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