The 2006 salary survey: despite a few blips, the overall salary numbers hold strong. But designers seem more cynical than ever.

The results of the 2006 Designer and Design Engineer Salary Survey are in. Overall, the benchmarks of the survey were unchanged from last year, and after the volatility of the first few years of this century, maybe continuity is a good thing, especially in the PCB design world.

Salaries dropped a hair compared to those reported in last year's survey. The overall base salary of U.S. respondents for 2006 is $68,115, vs. $70,317 in 2005. Statistically, that's not much of a downward trend.

This year, more than 75% of respondents said they had received raises in the past year, up from 71% last year. And most PCB designers and design engineers are employed now. The number of respondents who reported being laid off within the last 12 months stayed statistically flat, dropping a tenth of a percent, from 3.5% in 2005 to 3.4% in 2006. On a non-scientific, purely anecdotal level, I haven't heard from too many out-of-work designers or design engineers in the past year.

There are virtually no new PCB designers and designer engineers reflected in this survey, and the average age of respondents continues to rise. Last year, the average male age was 45, and females averaged 46. This year those numbers are 46 and 47, respectively.

Asking about educational background is almost a waste of time; with no "newbies" entering the workforce, we almost always find that about 62% of respondents have less education than a four-year college degree. Design is, right now, a zero sum game. But if new hires begin swarming into the design field, we'll be able to track it through the Salary Survey.

I could almost write the age section of the Salary Survey articles without even seeing the results. I hereby predict, though I hope I'm wrong, that the 2016 male and female respondents' average ages will be 56 and 57, respectively.

As I've reported in previous years, the majority of designers and design engineers we've tracked through Printed Circuit Design and PCD& M salary surveys started working between 1975 and 1985. Another big chunk started working in the early '70s. This combined group has been working its way through our statistics, with no one ready to take their places when they retire.

The lot of the PCB designer and design engineer seems to be improving. Salaries have been making their way upward for some time now" Former PCD Editor Nick Lester wrote in the 1999 Salary Survey that the combined average U.S. base salary of designer and design engineer respondents had just crossed the $50,000 mark. Now that combined U.S. average base salary is almost $70,000. That's an increase of nearly 40% in seven years, including three or four years of sheer turmoil. Not too shabby.

Stepping back for a second, the U.S. economy doesn't seem to be in too bad of shape right now, but caution remains a watchword. The U.S. employment rate for September was 4.6%; it hasn't been above 4.8% in 2006. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in October that 1.7 million jobs were added in the previous 12 months, with jobs added for 37 consecutive months.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average recently broke 11,727, its highest mark since January 2000. But investors haven't been going hog-wild; this gain came only after investors made deliberate moves after tediously investigating reports by analysts and brokers. Don't expect another roller coaster ride on Wall Street anytime soon.

All this is happening against a backdrop of strong global competition, and strong growth. The October JP Morgan PMI Global Report on Manufacturing found that global manufacturing employment rose for the 16th consecutive month in September.

Energy prices are dropping after hitting record post-Katrina highs. Will this cause chemical suppliers to cut their prices for fabrication and assembly products?

The Particulars

Each year we try to make the Salary Survey more useful to PCB designers and design engineers. The idea is for the underpaid among you to use these data as leverage to get raises. Every year we hear from happy designers who have received raises or at least gotten their managers to consider raises. Last year I even heard from an unhappy manager. Hey, the data are what they are.

In the past, we've mailed surveys, included them in the printed issue of the magazine, and bribed subscribers with dollar bills. This year, like last year, we posted the survey on a secure section of the PCD&M site and emailed survey links to all of our subscribers who indicated on the subscription forms that their job functions were Design/System/Electrical Engineering, Engineering Management or PCB Design/Layout/Circuit Design/Circuit System Packaging Design.

The survey was posted Aug. 23 through Sept. 15. This year, 766 designers and design engineers responded to the survey. Of the 766 total, 532 hailed from the U.S., 47 from Canada, and the rest primarily from Europe and Asia.

The term "respondents" refers to PCB designers and design engineers from around the world, unless otherwise specified by job function, country, etc.

Go West, Young Man

The 1936 Mae West movie title could apply to anyone seeking the highest base salaries for PCB designers and design engineers. California had the highest U.S. respondents' overall base salary this year, dislodging Massachusetts from the top spot it held in 2005. FIGURE 1 reflects the states that are home to the highest numbers of survey respondents. California rose $3K from last year, to $88,421, edging out the Bay State at $80,491, which rose about $4K from 2005. Arizona jumped $6K YOY to place at $75,697, while Texas stayed at fourth, flat at $72,852.

Ohio left its' seat in eleventh place and claimed ninth place with $63,552, a meteoric rise of $13K from 2005. New York dropped from ninth place last year ($64,271) to tenth place with $62,957. Wisconsin fell from tenth place in 2005 ($56,219) to eleventh place by averaging $56,540 in overall base salaries.

When we broke down U.S. respondents' overall base salary numbers by city (FIGURE 2), California claimed most of the highest-paying cities. No surprise that Silicon Valley's Santa Clara and San Jose came in first and second at $107,500 ($119,000 in 2005) and $96,922 ($106,110 in 2005), respectively. Fremont came in at $85,000, and Anaheim at $83,667. San Diego brought up the rear at $78,679, down from $80,625.

Texas salaries are always interesting to work with. The Austin folks skew the state averages skyward, thanks to the higher salaries paid by AMD, Dell and HP. Austin comes out on top at $90,833 ($97,250 last year), with Houston ($75,058, up from $67,180 in 2005) and Richardson ($74,200, up from $69,200 last year) bringing up the rear of the Lone Star State.

Among other cities, Cleveland is still in the low fifties ($54,333) but Columbus jumped from $54,500 last year to $73,100 in 2006. Did we just catch a whole new group of respondents, or was 2006 a very good year in Columbus? Same for Minneapolis, up from $63,500 last year to $78,319 this year. Peabody, MA, jumped from $69,246 in 2005 to $82,667, while Ft. Collins, CO, headed northward from $69,333 last year to $76,514 now.

In Canada, Ottawa is the place to be in 2006, with respondents pulling CAN$88,320, up from CAN$77,233 in 2005. Toronto rose from CAN$58,500 last year to CAN$65,667 this year. And Waterloo increased from CAN$62,000 a year ago to CAN$69,750 in 2006.

Sometimes there are statistical reasons for these variations. But I see many of the same names every year when we pull the survey data. Any year-to-year changes we document could reflect real increases or decreases.

Your company type is another good way to compare apples to apples. This year, 65.1% of respondents work for OEMs, followed by 10.3% toiling away as consultants or contractors. The other employer types were in single digits. (OEMs are always the single largest employers of survey respondents.) Among U.S. respondents (FIGURE 3), consulting/contracting showed the highest base salary at $96,462, followed by EDA software vendors at $88,857. A few respondents working for PCB assemblers clocked in at $80,161, while OEMs and PCB fabricators were tied at almost $73,000.

Going by end-product or service (FIGURE 4), U.S. respondents involved in communications equipment came out on top, at $79,714, the same salary as in last year's survey. Last year, computer/office equipment took first place at $88,742, but that category dropped to $76,196 in 2006. Consulting, which brings in so much salary when taken as a company type, has for years been doing less well when considered as an end-product or service, and this year consulting-as-service dropped to $58,543 from $62,085 in 2005.

We allow respondents to check off more than one end-product or service, which might account for the discrepancy between consulting as a company and as a service.

All About You

Again, our respondents were overwhelmingly male, but the ladies have been growing in number each year. This year, 87.2% of total respondents were male, down from 91.1% two years ago. (In the design engineers-only survey of 2004, women made up only a few percent of the total respondents.)

Only 14.2% of total respondents were single, about the same as in previous years. That number should hold until more young people enter the field.

A majority of respondents--57.7%--have less than a four-year college degree. Of all respondents, the largest segment reported having an associate's one- or two-year degree (26.9%), followed by 22.7% with some college classes but no degree, and high school grads at 8.1%. Of the total, 13.8% reported having a bachelor's degree other than an EE, and 12.5% said they held BSEE sheepskins. Those with master's and doctorate degrees numbered in the single digits.

Among the 532 U.S. respondents (FIGURE 5), a few of you with EE Ph.D.s led the way with $122,000 average base salaries. Those with a Ph.D. other than an EE came in next, at $103,000.

While engineers must have a college degree, a degree often has little influence upon the salaries of our design and layout respondents. The slight difference between the average base salaries for a high school grad ($69,020) and someone with a bachelor's other than an EE ($73,050) tells the tale. In the 2003 Salary Survey, high school grads beat non-EE college grads in average base salaries, $66,845 to $64,915. That was a one-time result, but a college degree doesn't seem to have much influence on salaries for those on the PCB design and layout side.

Many of you got started in this industry before the first Reagan administration. Guess how many of the 766 total respondents reported having less than one year of experience? Three. And only 53 had between one and five years of experience.

Among the 532 U.S. respondents (FIGURE 6), the largest single segment (24.8 %) reported having 26-30 years of experience and pulling down an average base salary of $81,670. Those with 16-20 years (18.5%) earned $76,741, and those with 11-15 pulled $68,472. The lonely guy with 1-5 years of experience made $58,700, which isn't bad, especially if he's one of the PCB designers with just a high school degree.

The satisfaction levels of respondents are always instructive. Basically, respondents tend to love their career choice (FIGURE 7), if not their particular job (FIGURE 8). In career satisfaction, 82.7% of respondents are satisfied or very satisfied. How many careers have numbers like that, besides firefighters and a few others? But current job satisfaction is lower, as it often is, with 67.1% reporting that they are satisfied or very satisfied with their current job. Is the grass always greener at another company? According to some of the comments we received, the answer is yes.

In other 2006 Salary Survey news, 70.1% of respondents had some experience with lead-free designs, and 73.8% would like to know more about IPC standards. Nearly 75% said they did not have CID certification, and 59.4% said their companies don't support CID anyway.

Functionally Literate

Each year, the meat and potatoes of this survey is the job function information. Job function is what you do during the day that causes your manager to hand you a paycheck.

Job function (FIGURE 9) is the best barometer for comparing apples with apples in average base salaries. This year, as in 2005, engineering consulting and engineering management led the way, with $92,582 and $90,186 respectively. Application engineer averaged $85,752, followed by general/corporate management at $82,903 and design/layout management at $80,352. PCB engineer earned $73,014, with PCB design/layout (43.1% of U.S. respondents) clocking in at $68,157. PCB layout only came in at $62,521.

This year, we experienced technical difficulties with the job title data, so we weren't able to come up with averages based on job title. But job title information is less useful than that of job function. One company's "PCB design manager" may perform exactly the same job function as another company's "CAD manager." (We're not just saying that because we don't have the data.)

As always, respondents' comments are all over the place. Some of you love your jobs; others can't wait to get out of this industry and never look back. Some of the better comments, slightly edited:

* Getting paid for connecting the dots rules!

* As greedy managers, and government, continue to outsource our jobs to foreign entities, how long will it be before the "international businesses" decide they do not need the expensive U.S. managers and distributors?

* As much as they keep trying to shove all facets of operations to China/Hong Kong/Taiwan, I think that the industry is finding out there is a huge communication disconnect between the customer and the design engineering staffs.

* This is still a great job! A very satisfying and challenging profession! I'm so very lucky to be involved in the design of printed circuit boards!

* RoHs seems to be counterproductive.

* I've seen very little new blood in the industry in the past 10 years or so. In Connecticut few companies are hiring PCB designers on a permanent basis.

* I think that I am fortunate that I have a job that I love.

We hope the results of this survey help you get a raise, even though the odds are that you're satisfied with your job and your career.

We've covered the geographic areas that were home to the most respondents. If you'd like further information, contact me and I'll tell you what we know, if anything, about design or design engineering jobs in your area.

ANDY SHAUGHNESSY is editor at large for PCD&M. He can be reached at [e-mail].

TABLE 1. Averages at a glance

Overall age--46
Male age--46
Female age--47
Male base salary (US)--$68,047
Female base salary (US)--$68,483
US base salary--$68,115
Canadian base salary--CAN$76,243
Percentage ]aid off in last 12 mos.--3.4%
Paid vacation days offered--17.14
Actual vacation days--14.54
Holidays--10.59
Other paid days off--4.05

FIGURE 1. Average salary by selected states.

CA  $88,421
MA  $80,491
AZ  $75,697
TX  $73,642
IL  $72,852
FL  $68,461
CO  $67,233
MN  $66,768
OH  $63,552
NY  $62,957
WI  $56,540

Note: Table made from bar graph.

FIGURE 2. Average salary by selected cities.

California

Santa Clara      $107,500
San Jose          $96,922
Fremont           $85,000
Anaheim           $83,667
San Diego         $78,679

Texas

Austin            $90,833
Houston           $75,058
Richardson        $74,200

Canada

Ottawa            $88,320
Waterloo          $69,750
Toronto           $85,667

Misc. Cities

Melbourne,
  Australia       $85,500
Peabody, MA       $82,667
Minneapolis, MN   $78,319
Ft. Collins, CO   $76,514
Tempe, AZ         $75,000
Columbus, OH      $73,100
Tampa, FL         $65,250
Cleveland, OH     $54,333
Milwaukee, WI     $52,750

Note: Table made from bar graph.

FIGURE 3. Average salary by company
type.

OEM (70.5%), $72,838
Design service bureau (8.3%), $70,555
Consulting/contracting (3.4%), $96,462
Gov't/military (5.3%), $74,138
EDA software (1.3%), $88,857
Contract mfg (5.3%), $86,497
PCB fab (4.9%), $72,846
PCB assembler (0.9%), $80,161

Note: Table made from pie chart.

FIGURE 4. Average salary by end product.

Aerospace/avionics (8.1%), $76,429
Auto (5.3%), $68,851
Communication equip. (19.7%), $79,714
Computer/office equip. (7.2%), $76,196
Consulting (1.3%), $58,543
Consumer electronics (112%), $76,164
Design services (6%), $75,644
Gov't./military (6%), $89,504
Industrial controls (12.9%), $68,140
Medical elect. (5.2%), $69,280
PCB fab/assem. services (5.1), $69,841
R&D/test lab (2.1%), $61,875
Test/measure/controls (8.9%), $69,799

Note: Table made from pie chart.

FIGURE 5. Average salary by education.

High school (8.1%), $69,020
Assoc. 1 or 2 year (32.7%), $67,408
College (no degree) (21.2%), $74,321
BA/BS (other than EE) (15.9%), $73,050
BSEE (11.2%), $76,756
Post grad. Work (1.5%), $81,750
MA/MS (other than EE) (2.1%), $85,256
Engineering grad work (1.7%), $81,946
MSEE (3.5%), $82,611
MBA (1.3%), $89,571
PhD (other than EE) (0.4%), $103,000
PhD (EE) (0.4%), $122,000

Note: Table made from pie chart.

FIGURE 6. Average salary by years of
experience.

Less than 1 year, 0
1-5 (0.3%, $58,70
6-10 (14.8%), $64,308
11-15 (17.8%), $68,472
16-20 (18.5%), $76,741
21-25 (3%), $75,686
26-30 (24.8%), $81,670

FIGURE 7. Average salary by satisfaction
with career.

Very satisfied (28.6%)
Satisfied (54.1%)
Neutral (13.4%)
Dissatisfied (3%)
Very dissatisfied (0.8%)

FIGURE 8. Average salary by satisfaction
with current job.

Very satisfied (20.8%)
Satisfied (46.3%)
Neutral (18.9%)
Dissatisfied (9.3%)
Very dissatisfied (4.3%)
N/A (0.4%)

FIGURE 9. Average salary by job function.

PCB design/layout (43.1%), $68,157
PCB engineer (14.2%), $73,014
PCB layout only (8.9%), $62,521
Design/layout mgmt (8.6%), $80,352
Engineering mgmt (8.3%), $90,186
Design support (4.9%), $70,678
Application engineer (4.5%), $85,752
Engineering consulting (3.2%), $92,582
General/corp. mgmt (3%), $82,903
ECAD librarian (1.3%), $71,795