TURKEY - Gas Pipelines.Turkish energy officials project their country in Europe as "the Eurasian gateway" to the Turkic world, and to Central Asian countries Noun 1. Asian country - any one of the nations occupying the Asian continent Asian nation country, land, state - the territory occupied by a nation; "he returned to the land of his birth"; "he visited several European countries" they portray Turkey as the "key to Europe" for their oil and gas exports (see OMT (Object Modeling Technique) An object-oriented analysis and design method developed by James Rumbaugh. See Rational Rose. OMT - Object Modelling Technique ). Botas has signed gas purchase agreements with Russia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan involving proposals for pipelines to cross its territory en route to Europe or elsewhere in the region. Now Botas is being pressed to sign a gas purchase deal with Azerbaijan. Most projects involve complex geopolitics geopolitics, method of political analysis, popular in Central Europe during the first half of the 20th cent., that emphasized the role played by geography in international relations. - with the US behind Ankara's promotion of pipelines by-passing Russia and Iran, Moscow moving its own projects and blocking rival ones, and Tehran pushing for one line to export its own gas and another for the export of Turkmenistan gas. By promoting regional pipelines from the Central Asian republics Central Asian Republics, the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Constituent republics of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, they all achieved independence in late 1991. and Azerbaijan to Western markets via Turkey, Ankara expects the following benefits: (1) diversifying its sources of energy; (2) enhancing its energy security, in view of current or potential instability in the Caucasus and Central Asia or in Iran and Iraq; (3) offsetting a part of its energy bill through the transit fees it would charge for the gas or oil piped beyond Turkey; and (4) increasing Turkey's strategic importance to countries throughout the region, by linking itself to the supply security calculations of West European states and export market considerations of the Central Asian and Caspian countries. Botas says that, if and when oil or gas pipeline routes through Turkey have been agreed upon Adj. 1. agreed upon - constituted or contracted by stipulation or agreement; "stipulatory obligations" stipulatory noncontroversial, uncontroversial - not likely to arouse controversy , Ankara will "finance the project, consider flexible arrangements for transmission fees, buy a fixed amount of crude oil and/or gas annually, and guarantee the safety of the pipeline within the Turkish territory. A new department to speed up the oil and gas pipeline projects is to be establishing within the Energy and Natural Resources Ministry. For this, the government sent to parliament a bill in early 2000. The department will be responsible for insurance and international arbitration International arbitration is the established method today for resolving disputes between parties to international commercial agreements. As with arbitration generally, it is a creature of contract, i.e. issues relating to relating to relate prep → concernant relating to relate prep → bezüglich +gen, mit Bezug auf +acc the projects. It will be headed by a board, which will include the Energy Ministry's Undersecretary and deputy undersecretaries of the ministries of foreign affairs foreign affairs pl.n. Affairs concerning international relations and national interests in foreign countries. , interior and finance. The following are supply deals reached between Turkey and regional gas producers, including pipeline projects being proposed as part of these arrangements. |
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