TCO analysis: where D2D fits--part 2.Data protection is an operationally intensive activity and the overall costs for providing effective data protection extend well beyond the acquisition cost of the hardware and software involved; in fact, most analysts have concluded that the majority of data protection costs are operational ones. Additionally, most organizations make major investments in data protection solutions only infrequently in·fre·quent adj. 1. Not occurring regularly; occasional or rare: an infrequent guest. 2. when a combination of operational requirements (programming) operational requirements - Qualitative and quantitative parameters that specify the desired capabilities of a system and serve as a basis for determining the operational effectiveness and suitability of a system prior to deployment. , scale of IT activity and technology development combine to justify a new investment cycle. As a result, data protection investments are best assessed using a Total Cost of Ownership model that includes both acquisition and operational costs. In spite of significant changes in the economy, in government regulations and in the expectations for high-integrity business operations Business operations are those activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing value for the stakeholders. Compare business processes. The outcome of business operations is the harvesting of value from assets , data protection technologies and processes have gone largely unchanged over the past decade. What had been "good enough" historically can no longer be tolerated by organizations looking to cut IT costs while increasing Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for backup and recovery. The inadequacy of these traditional data protection solutions (both from hardware and software perspectives) is embedded Inserted into. See embedded system. at the very core of their technology--the use of tape as the backup media. In spite of this, we will demonstrate that these traditional approaches have annual costs in excess of $60 for each gigabyte One billion bytes. Also GB, Gbyte and G-byte. See giga and space/time. (unit) gigabyte - 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes = 1024 megabytes. Roughly the amount of data required to encode a human gene sequence (including all the redundant codons). See prefix. of the data being protected ($60/GB-year). Today, nothing less than 100% integrity, online and on-demand restore performance and the ability to dynamically scale from departmental to global enterprise requirements have become business imperatives. At the same time, both the rapid growth of data volume and the overall pressure to reduce operational IT costs demand that on-going cost to protect each gigabyte of data be reduced significantly. Over the past several years, the Years, The the seven decades of Eleanor Pargiter’s life. [Br. Lit.: Benét, 1109] See : Time relative cost of disk and tape systems has converged significantly, leading to a number of approaches to integrating disks into data protection solutions. These approaches range from the incremental Additional or increased growth, bulk, quantity, number, or value; enlarged. Incremental cost is additional or increased cost of an item or service apart from its actual cost. addition of disks into a traditional tape-based system architecture to completely new architectures that are designed solely around disk-based archives. While even the incremental addition of disks can have a positive impact on the TCO (1) (Total Cost of Ownership) The cost of using a computer. It includes the cost of the hardware, software and upgrades as well as the cost of the inhouse staff and/or consultants that provide training and technical support. See ROI. of data protection, it is the latter class or "disk-based data protection" that demonstrates the greatest TCO advantage when compared to tape-based systems. This article assesses the TCO for both traditional, tape-based, data protection and a specific implementation of disk-based data protection from Avamar Technologies, Inc. called Axion ax·i·on n. A hypothetical boson having no charge or spin and small mass, proposed to explain the existence of certain symmetries of the strong nuclear force. [axi(al) + -on1.] . In order to ensure broad applicability to both mid-tier and large enterprises, we consider organizational environments ranging from 2TB to over 50TB of protected data. While the TCO for data protection is influenced by many operational considerations, our overall conclusion is that Axion can reduce the cost of data protection by at least a factor of two--to approximately $30/GB-year. This conclusion is very consistent across the environments considered and is insensitive in·sen·si·tive adj. 1. Not physically sensitive; numb. 2. a. Lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances of others; unfeeling. b. to many operational details. This article will analyze specific case studies for organizations protecting 2TB, 10TB and 50TB to compare and contrast methodologies and establish the new economics of backup and recovery. TCO Analysis Here, we identify the elements necessary for an accurate TCO analysis for data protection and also assess the data protection TCO in three representative environments: * A small enterprise with 2TB of protected data * A medium enterprise with 10TB of protected data * A large enterprise with 50TB of protected data While a full TCO analysis needs to consider many details specific to the operational environment, we will speak to the sensitivity of the results to the few operational characteristics that can materially affect the conclusions. When considering data protection solutions, it is important to include the following factors in a TCO analysis: * Hardware and software acquisition costs * Hardware and software maintenance costs * Media costs * Staff costs * Communications (particularly when WANs are involved) Where offsite data storage for disaster recovery is a requirement, the analysis should also include the following factors: * Disaster recovery site costs (hardware, software and staff) * Additional media costs * Periodic disaster recovery review and assessment costs * Data or media transfer costs When comparing a disk-based data protection solution to a tape-based solution, the value of improved restore times and increased reliability can be substantial. In some environments, the need for regular restores necessitates expensive layers of redundancy that can quickly inflate inflate - deflate the total cost of data protection for an enterprise. Enterprises also continue to pay hidden costs for lost productivity due to long restore times or worse, the cost of reconstructing data for restores abandoned or never initiated due to the limitations of tape backup Using magnetic tape for storing duplicate copies of hard disk files. Users can add an internal or external tape drive to their desktop computers for backup purposes, and files are typically copied to the tapes using a backup utility that updates on a periodic schedule. . Annual data protection costs are typically less than $100/GB, while data reconstruction costs are estimated to be much higher, in the range of $900/MB--nearly $1M/GB. Clearly, restore effectiveness can have a very significant impact on the overall organizational costs of data protection. We will highlight an approach to assessing the benefits of fast restores later in this article. Executive Summary As a result of market studies done by Avamar in 2002, we determined that typical enterprises spend $60-$80 annually for tape-based data protection of each gigabyte of data. We have had the opportunity over the past year to validate To prove something to be sound or logical. Also to certify conformance to a standard. Contrast with "verify," which means to prove something to be correct. For example, data entry validity checking determines whether the data make sense (numbers fall within a range, numeric data this assumption with enterprises that range from 1TB to well over 100TB of data and have found that, while many cluster in the $60-$70/GB region, others have costs as high as $100/GB. Even so, according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. a recent study conducted by The Taneja Group, many enterprise customers do not calculate their true data protection costs or their actual success rate in performing backup and restores. Axion disk-based backup, on the other hand, consistently demonstrates the ability to provide local backup and restore functionality at annual ownership costs in the range of $30-$40/GB. Plus, it can provide an offsite data replication In database management, the ability to keep distributed databases synchronized by routinely copying the entire database or subsets of the database to other servers in the network. There are various replication methods. capability for disaster recovery at modest WAN bandwidths. In fact, the incremental cost Incremental Cost The encompassing change that a company experiences within its balance sheet due to one additional unit of production. Notes: Incremental cost is the overall change that a company experiences by producing one additional unit of good. of providing this disaster recovery capability and the bandwidth cost for the WAN connectivity is typically also in the range of $30-$40/GB annually. Axion can therefore provide both local disk-based backup and restore capability and off-site data replication for a TCO equivalent to those of local tape-based backup and offsite tape archive tape archive - tar . Background What does tape-based backup do? It creates multiple redundant copies of primary data due to the inherent limitations of tape as a serial medium and the need to increase the reliability of restores. Most enterprises backup all data in any particular server with a "full backup See backup types. " once per week, although some perform this process more frequently. The Taneja Group study found that 87% of those surveyed routinely did at least one full backup a week. This is called a full backup because it contains a complete copy of the data in the system at that point in time. On other days of the week they perform an "incremental backup See backup types. (operating system) incremental backup - A kind of backup that copies all files which have changed since the date of the previous backup. The first backup of a file system should include all files - a "full backup". Call this level 0. " that contains copies of only those files that have changed since the last backup. To restore data, the last full backup is restored and then any intervening incremental backups are applied. To avoid reliability problems and reduce restore times, most enterprises perform "cumulative incremental backups" which collect and store copies of all the files that have changed since the last full backup was taken. Some solutions also offer an "incremental forever" approach, where the data protection system can rebuild a "virtual full" from an initial full and the incremental backups. Enterprise systems typically have a daily file change rate of 3% per day. As a result, cumulative incremental backups range from 3% to almost 20%, with a daily average over 10% (this article uses an average of 10% in the TCO calculations). Over the course of one week, a set of one full and six incremental backups transfers more than one and one-half times the amount of data protected on a weekly basis. Enterprise tape management strategies determine how many full and incremental backups are maintained in automated au·to·mate v. au·to·mat·ed, au·to·mat·ing, au·to·mates v.tr. 1. To convert to automatic operation: automate a factory. 2. libraries for near-line restore. Tapes rotated rotated turned around; pivoted. rotated tibia see rotated tibia. out of a library must be recovered from onsite or offsite storage, prolonging restore times. Enterprises, on average, leave between one and two months of data in the library, sometimes combined with a set of "clones" (copies) of the latest full backup in case the first set of tapes is corrupted cor·rupt adj. 1. Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved. 2. Venal; dishonest: a corrupt mayor. 3. . For medium and large enterprises, we have assumed six to seven weeks of near-line retention, or about 10 times primary data storage. For small enterprises that often maintain less data in near-line storage for cost reasons, we assumed two weeks of data, or just over three times the amount of data protected, in near-line storage. By maximizing its use of disk storage technology, Axion provides customers with efficient full backups that are smaller than traditional tape-incremental backups, eliminating the concept of incremental backups. Axion has been evaluated in over a hundred environments and has demonstrated remarkably consistent performance. Typically, the initial level of redundancy across files and systems ranges between 40%-70%; therefore, the initial backup of 100TB of protected data requires between 30TB-60TB of capacity in the backup system Noun 1. backup system - a computer system for making backups ADP system, ADPS, automatic data processing system, computer system, computing system - a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage . This initial redundancy or "commonality com·mon·al·i·ty n. pl. com·mon·al·i·ties 1. a. The possession, along with another or others, of a certain attribute or set of attributes: a political movement's commonality of purpose. " depends on how homogeneous The same. Contrast with heterogeneous. homogeneous - (Or "homogenous") Of uniform nature, similar in kind. 1. In the context of distributed systems, middleware makes heterogeneous systems appear as a homogeneous entity. For example see: interoperable network. the original systems are. For instance, a set of 10,000 Windows laptops can sometimes exceed 70% initial redundancy. This article assumes an average initial redundancy of 55%. Commonality for daily backups is significantly higher. For Windows systems, commonality generally ranges between 99.6% and 99.9%; for Solaris and Linux systems, commonality ranges between 99% and 99.5%; and for highly active Oracle database servers, the commonality may be as low as 98%. This TCO analysis assumes daily commonality of 99.2% (each day's full backup is .8% of the data being protected). Assumption for Cost Models All hardware and software is assessed at list price. Tape backup hardware and software configurations are based on configurations from market-leading, enterprise vendors. Additionally: * Tape library configurations are half full of drives and half full of media at acquisition * Annual hardware support is 15% of list price * Annual software support is 20% of list price * Tape media cost is based on a 100GB tape cartridge See cartridge. at $100 * Administrative staff efficiency is based on an analysis performed by Giga Group in 2002, evaluating the benefits of disk-based vs. tape backup systems in a number of customer environments * The average, fully burdened cost of a storage administrator is $75,000 annually * All hardware and software is depreciated Depreciated may refer to:
* All costs are normalized to annual $/GB, and averaged over three years * Pricing for WAN costs is included when backup data or replication data is transferred over a WAN. WAN costs used in this TCO analysis represent an average of cost quotations we have solicited for bandwidth ranging from fractional-T1 to OC3. CASE 1: SMALL ENTERPRISE Small Enterprise (2TB Data) A study published by Gartner Group (company) Gartner Group - One of the biggest IT industry research firms. Address: Connecticut, USA. in 2003 described a "mid-tier" enterprise as a company with $50-$500 million revenues and 100-1000 employees. Gartner found that nearly 90% of the companies had less than 1.5 TB of data under management. This "small enterprise" case can also be applied to independent departments within larger enterprises. Tape hardware costs include one entry-level tape library, with 5TB of tape capacity and two LTO (Linear Tape Open) A family of open magnetic tape standards developed by HP, IBM and Quantum (formerly the Certance subsidiary of Seagate) that are licensed to third-party vendors. LTO cartridges contain a memory that stores historical usage data. Generation 2 tape drives. The backup software See backup program. (tool, software) backup software - Software for doing a backup, often included as part of the operating system. Backup software should provide ways to specify what files get backed up and to where. costs include support for ten client systems. An entry-level server is included as the backup server A computer in a network used to store copies of files from client machines or other servers. Such servers typically have their disks set up in a RAID configuration to provide fault tolerance. See backup program, RAID, SAN and LAN free backup. . The Axion solution includes an easy-to-install data protection appliance with 2TB of usable USable is a special idea contest to transfer US American ideas into practice in Germany. USable is initiated by the German Körber-Stiftung (foundation Körber). It is doted with 150,000 Euro and awarded every two years. storage and software licenses In computing, software that is copyrighted and licensed under a software license is done under a variety of licensing schemes. For end-users there are proprietary licenses and there are free software licenses, and there are proprietary Within these schemes are further classifications. for ten client systems. These costs are significantly below average data protection costs because of the limited amount of retention we have assumed for this market segment. The Axion disk-based solution can provide online restore capability at less than half the total cost of a similarly sized tape backup system. In addition, while the tape library is sized to hold only two weeks of active data, the Axion solution is sized to hold a minimum of seven weeks. All data stored in the Axion disk-based system over this period is online and available for immediate restore. Even if the enterprise already has a fully depreciated Fully depreciated An asset that has already been charged with the maximum amount of depreciation allowed by the IRS for accounting purposes. fully depreciated Of or relating to a fixed asset that has been depreciated to a book value of zero. , installed tape system, the savings in maintenance, media and staffing alone will support the cost of acquiring and operating a new Axion disk-based solution for this size enterprise. Small Enterprise: Backup and Offsite Data Storage Large enterprises routinely move data off site for disaster recovery, but Gartner Group discovered that 49% of mid-tier enterprises do not move their data off site at all due to cost constraints CONSTRAINTS - A language for solving constraints using value inference. ["CONSTRAINTS: A Language for Expressing Almost-Hierarchical Descriptions", G.J. Sussman et al, Artif Intell 14(1):1-39 (Aug 1980)]. . In this scenario, two items are added to the tape costs: additional tape media and transportation/warehousing of offsite media. Axion offers small enterprises an affordable offsite solution over a wide area network. All data can be replicated on a scheduled basis to an Axion at a second site, adding the following costs: a second system, replication software and the cost of WAN communications. A comparative summary of the costs can be seen in Table 1. Even with the additional cost of a second system, replication software and a T1 WAN line, the total cost of backup and nightly night·ly adj. 1. Of or occurring during the night; nocturnal: the cat's nightly prowl. 2. Happening or done every night: the physician's nightly rounds. electronic replication with disk is the same as tape backup with offsite data movement by truck. With disk, a small enterprise that pays for offsite tape vaulting vaulting Gymnastics exercise in which the athlete leaps over a form that was originally intended to mimic a horse. At one time, the pommel horse was used in the vaulting exercise, with the pommels (handles) removed. can actually afford full electronic replication, with the added benefit of immediate, online restores. The key point for the small enterprise market segment is that Axion's efficiency enables the user to have online backup Using the Web to store copies of data for backup. There are numerous providers on the Internet that charge for storage, and fees are typically based on capacity. Online backup services provide offsite backup, which is essential for disaster recovery. See backup types. and restore as well as offsite replication for the same cost as traditional tape backup with, at most, a passive copy of media stored offsite. CASE 2: MEDIUM ENTERPRISE Medium Enterprise (10TB Data) With its focus on timely restores, a medium enterprise will typically hold up to two months of full and incremental tape backups in the library or about ten times the capacity of primary storage. The Axion solution configuration is a highly scalable data protection solution, configured con·fig·ure tr.v. con·fig·ured, con·fig·ur·ing, con·fig·ures To design, arrange, set up, or shape with a view to specific applications or uses: to support 10TB of primary data, with a minimum retention period of seven or more weeks. The cost of providing data protection with Axion, with its online restore capability, is approximately one-half that of acquiring and operating a tape backup solution. Medium Enterprise: Backup with Replication The vast majority of medium enterprises send archival copies of their backup data off site by truck. In addition, they frequently invest in high-cost synchronous data Synchronous data Information available at the same time. To test option-pricing models, the price of the option and of the underlying should be synchronous and reflect the same moment in the market. replication systems for their mission-critical data. Axion provides these enterprises with an affordable means to replicate rep·li·cate v. 1. To duplicate, copy, reproduce, or repeat. 2. To reproduce or make an exact copy or copies of genetic material, a cell, or an organism. n. A repetition of an experiment or a procedure. all of their data offsite for disaster recovery. The network cost of transferring all tape-based backup data can be cost prohibitive pro·hib·i·tive also pro·hib·i·to·ry adj. 1. Prohibiting; forbidding: took prohibitive measures. 2. (see Table 2). Enterprises that replicate their tape backup data to a second site also need a second set of hardware and software to use as a disaster recovery system. Including support, this amounts to an additional $33/GB per year. Because this site is for disaster recovery only, not daily file recovery, a much smaller set of media is required (approximately two full copies of primary data or $2/GB per year). The key point for the medium enterprise is that Axion makes electronic replication of all backup data to a second site affordable for this market segment. Remote Branch Office Backup Medium enterprises often face another backup challenge: remote branch offices. Due to the high cost of wideband WANs, each remote branch office is obliged o·blige v. o·bliged, o·blig·ing, o·blig·es v.tr. 1. To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means. 2. to manage tape-based backup and recovery independently. This strategy often creates inconsistencies in data protection coverage across the enterprise. Axion's unique network efficiency provides enterprises with a new and cost-effective solution for remote branch office data protection. Even if a medium enterprise only sends incremental backups from its remote branch offices, Axion still provides significant savings in network costs, making it cost effective to protect data stored in remote branch offices over a WAN. The key point when considering remote office backup is that Axion makes centralized cen·tral·ize v. cen·tral·ized, cen·tral·iz·ing, cen·tral·iz·es v.tr. 1. To draw into or toward a center; consolidate. 2. management of the distributed backups practical. In fact, the communications efficiency that Axion makes to the TCO is very insensitive to the distribution of the data to be protected among the components of the enterprise. For example, distribution of only 30% of the data to be protected doubles the TCO of tape-based backup, but only increases the TCO of disk-based backup by 30%. CASE 3: LARGE ENTERPRISE Large Enterprise (50TB) Large enterprises face the greatest backup and recovery challenges. As Table 3 shows, the economic benefits for the largest enterprises are the most dramatic. These enterprises are able to maximize the Axion disk-based solution's value, particularly its ability to replicate all backup data to a second site. Many of these enterprises have already invested in synchronous data replication systems to provide immediate offsite data protection and business continuity for their mission-critical systems. Axion does not replace this functionality but does provide these enterprises with the ability to affordably replicate all of their data off site electronically for immediate online restore. These enterprises also benefit from economies of scale in the cost of communications. The key point for large enterprises is that Axion provides the enterprise with the ability to maintain all backup data online for immediate restore. Additionally, Axion allows large enterprises to maintain their backup data offsite on disk storage for immediate restore in case of site disaster. Building a Case for Fast Restores Unlike data stored on tape, data on disk is immediately available for restore by an administrator or, if authorized au·thor·ize tr.v. au·thor·ized, au·thor·iz·ing, au·thor·iz·es 1. To grant authority or power to. 2. To give permission for; sanction: , directly by individual users. With a tape-based backup system, the tapes must either already be in the library, or they must first be retrieved and then loaded into the library. Only then can the full and incremental backups be serially restored. As a result, restores from a tape-based backup system take far longer than restores from a disk-based data-protection system such as Axion. This significant restore latency (1) The time between initiating a request in the computer and receiving the answer. Data latency may refer to the time between a query and the results arriving at the screen or the time between initiating a transaction that modifies one or more databases and its completion. results in substantial down time and lost productivity. In fact, today most tape-based backup suppliers suggest using disk staging Disk staging is using disks as an additional, temporary stage of backup process before finally storing backup to tape. Backups stay on disk typically for a day or a week, before being copied to tape in a background process and deleted afterwards. to speed restores even though this approach requires additional hardware and software. The most aggressive TCO models attach a "lost opportunity" or "lost revenue" cost to restore times, which can help justify even the installation of very expensive data replication solutions. A more conservative approach is to translate prolonged pro·long tr.v. pro·longed, pro·long·ing, pro·longs 1. To lengthen in duration; protract. 2. To lengthen in extent. restore times into an "employee expense," which is based solely upon the lost productivity of the affected employees. Research by Avamar indicates that, on average, organizations perform one restore per week for each terabyte One trillion bytes. Also TB, Tbyte and T-byte. See tera and space/time. (unit) terabyte - 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes = 1024 gigabytes or roughly 10^12 bytes. (Note the spelling - one 'r'). See prefix. of managed data and the average latency (wait time) for a restore is between 4-8 hours. If each of these restores impacts only two employees, with a 4-hour average wait time, then assuming that the fully-burdened cost for a user is $94,000/year, each hour of productivity lost can be assigned a cost of $50. With these assumptions, tape-based solutions have an additional, hidden, productivity cost of $20/GB per year. Since disk-based backup solutions such as Axion provide instantaneous in·stan·ta·ne·ous adj. 1. Occurring or completed without perceptible delay: Relief was instantaneous. 2. restore, they have no equivalent cost element. Restore latency, then, can represent a 20% to 33% increase in the cost of tape-based backup for the enterprise. This cost is in addition to the costs outlined in Tables 1-3. According to several industry studies, even enterprises who have not quantified the value of faster restores are clearly aware this value exists, which helps to explain the growing demand for disk-based data protection solutions. Summary: the Value of Disk-Based Backup By early 2004, Enterprise Storage Group found 24% of their surveyed customers were using a combination of disk and tape, and an additional 17% were using disk alone. A clear trend is emerging. Enterprises are seeing the value of disk-based backup in faster, more reliable backup and restore. While customers are willing to pay more for disk-based solutions, a financial cost of ownership analysis shows that Axion pays for itself, often with payback periods Payback Period The length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. Calculated as: of twelve months or less. Small, medium and large enterprises can have the value of online backup, online restore and electronic offsite replication--all for the cost of tape-based backup alone.
Table 1
Tape Costs
Cost Elements Annual Cost $/GB per Year
Hardware/Software $18,350 $ 9
Support $ 8,250 $ 4
Staffing $30,000 $15
Media $ 2,500 $ 1
Offsite Media $ 2,000 $ 1
Transport./Vaulting $ 2,000 $ 1
WAN Comm. $ 0 $ 0
Total $63,100 $31
Axion Costs
Cost Elements Annual Cost $/GB per Year
Hardware/Software $35,000 $18
Support $10,650 $ 5
Staffing $ 7,500 $ 4
Media $ 0 $ 0
Offsite Media $ 0 $ 0
Transport./Vaulting $ 0 $ 0
WAN Comm. $ 7,500 $ 4
Total $27,000 $31
Table 2
Tape Costs Axion Costs
Cost Elements Annual Cost $/GB per Year Annual Cost $/GB per Year
Backup cost $ 615,450 $ 62 $343,150 $34
DR site $ 330,000 $ 33 $300,000 $30
Media $ 20,000 $ 2 $ 0 $ 0
Staffing (50%) $ 75,000 $ 8 $ 30,000 $ 3
Communication $ 600,000 $ 60 $150,000 $15
Total $1,640,450 $165 $673,150 $67
Table 3
Tape Costs
Cost Elements Annual Cost $/GB per Year
Hardware/Software $1,050,000 $22
Support $ 347,500 $11
Staffing $ 750,000 $15
Media $ 500,000 $10
Shelved Media $ 200,000 $ 2
Total Backup $ 615,450 $62
2nd site $1,050,000 $33
HW/SW/Supp.
Staffing (50%) $ 375,000 $ 8
Communications $2,300,000 $46
Total Backup & $3,725,000 $87
Replication
Axion Costs
Cost Elements Annual Cost $/GB per Year
Hardware/Software $ 860,000 $19
Support $ 461,000 $10
Staffing $ 188,000 $ 4
Media $ 0 $ 0
Shelved Media $ 0
Total Backup $1,509,000 $30
2nd site $ 679,000 $14
HW/SW/Supp.
Staffing (50%) $ 94,000 $ 2
Communications $ 365,000 $ 8
Total Backup & $1,138,000 $54
Replication
www.avamar.com Kevin Daly is CEO (1) (Chief Executive Officer) The highest individual in command of an organization. Typically the president of the company, the CEO reports to the Chairman of the Board. of Avamar Technologies (Irvine, CA) |
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