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Substance abuse in adolescents.


Liddle, H. A., & Rowe, C. L. (2006). Adolescent substance abuse. Research and clinical advances. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP) is a publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534, and one of the two privileged presses (the other being Oxford University Press). . [Hardbound hard·bound  
adj. & n.
Hardcover.

Adj. 1. hardbound - having a hard back or cover; "hardback books"
hardback, hardbacked, hardcover

backed - having a back or backing, usually of a specified type
; ISBN ISBN
abbr.
International Standard Book Number


ISBN International Standard Book Number

ISBN n abbr (= International Standard Book Number) → ISBN m 
# 0-521-82358-7; $120.00]

In United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. , substance use and abuse among adolescent population accounts for significant morbidity and mortality Morbidity and Mortality can refer to:
  • Morbidity & Mortality, a term used in medicine
  • Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a medical publication
See also
  • Morbidity, a medical term
  • Mortality, a medical term
 (Schydlower, 2002). Alcohol and tobacco are the usual drugs of choice among adolescents, followed by marijuana, stimulants, hallucinogens and inhalants inhalants,
n.pl 1. chemical vapors that are inhaled for their mind-altering effects.
2. in herbology, volatile herbal compounds that are delivered by holding a soaked pad to the nose and mouth, by placing the herbs in steaming water, or
 (Brown, 2002). The purpose of this book is to provide information about the research and clinical advances pertaining to substance abuse in adolescents. The book is intended for practitioners, program planners, and policy makers.

The book is organized into twenty two chapters in six parts. The first chapter is on the overview of treating adolescent substance abuse that explains the layout of the book. The first part that follows the first chapter is about theoretical, empirical, and methodological foundations for research into treatment of adolescent substance abuse and contains four chapters. The first chapter of part one is on developmental context for adolescent substance abuse intervention. The chapter identifies the risk factors and protective factors related to adolescent drug use and uses the family interactional theory. Implications for individual level treatment, family level treatment, group treatment, and community approaches are discussed. The second chapter of part one discusses a latent variable In statistics, Latent variables (as opposed to observable variables), are variables that are not directly observed but are rather inferred (through a mathematical model) from other variables that are observed and directly measured.  growth modeling framework. The third chapter of part one describes the clinical course of youth following alcohol and drug treatment. The chapter discusses differences between adolescent and adult relapse patterns, and special challenges for youth treatment programs. The cognitive behavior model based on Marlatt and Gordon (1980) is presented as the process for relapse for adolescents. Identification of factors that predict success for adolescents following drug and alcohol treatment programs are an important contribution of this chapter. The last chapter of part one is about cannabis youth treatment intervention. Cannabis is an important psychoactive psychoactive /psy·cho·ac·tive/ (-ak´tiv) psychotropic.

psy·cho·ac·tive
adj.
Affecting the mind or mental processes. Used of a drug.
 compound used by adolescents (Hall & Babor, 2000). The chapter discusses different treatments such as motivational enhancement treatment, family support network, and multidimensional family therapy and seems authoritative in the area.

The second part of the book is about practice and policy trends related to treatment of adolescent substance abuse and is divided into five chapters. The first chapter in the second part is about epidemiological trends of adolescent substance abuse in Europe. Data about prevalence of substance abuse in Europe and specific European countries is presented. Up-to-date information is presented. The second chapter in the second part is about adolescent drug abuse treatment outcome studies. Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP DARP Day(s) After Reporting Period
DARP Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (Department of Agriculture, Cattle Breeding and Fishing)
DARP Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance
), Treatment Outcome Perspectives Study (TOPS), and Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies for Adolescents (DATOS-A) from United States are discussed. Such programs are important for dissemination of treatment protocols for grassroots efforts. The third chapter in the second part is about the context of adolescent treatment services. Systems of care, providers of care, financing mechanisms, technology transfer and quality issues are discussed. The fourth chapter in the second part is about England and describes the legal framework and policy context and the pattern of resources that identify how services respond to adolescents with substance abuse problem. Some useful lessons for the systems in America and elsewhere in the world have been discussed. The last chapter in the second part identifies key findings and highlights the gaps in existing health services research Health services research is the multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to health care, the quality and cost of health care,  with drug abusing adolescents. The chapter is organized around the key care components of health services research as identified by Institute of Medicine (2001), namely, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, equitable, and redesigned.

The third part is about comprehensive assessment and integrative treatment planning In radiotherapy, Treatment Planning is the process in which a team consisting of radiation oncologists, medical radiation physicists and dosimetrists plan the appropriate external beam radiotherapy treatment technique for a patient with cancer. Typically, medical imaging (i.e.  with adolescent substance abusers and is organized into four chapters. The first chapter in the third part provides an overview of clinical best practices for assessing adolescent drug abuse. The chapter proposes a multidimensional model of screening and assessment that is relevant for problem identification, referral, and treatment. The highlights of this chapter are the guidelines for substance abuse treatment placement starting from brief interventions (2-4 sessions) to low-intensive treatment (7-20 sessions) to intensive treatment (more than 21 sessions). The second chapter in the third part pertains to psychopharmacology psychopharmacology (sī'kōfär'məkŏl`əjē), in its broadest sense, the study of all pharmacological agents that affect mental and emotional functions.  of adolescents with substance abuse problem. The current status of pharmacotherapy pharmacotherapy /phar·ma·co·ther·a·py/ (-ther´ah-pe) treatment of disease with medicines.

phar·ma·co·ther·a·py
n.
Treatment of disease through the use of drugs.
, lessons from adult literature, pharmacological treatment studies in adolescents, pharmacological treatment of comorbid conditions and future directions for research are discussed in this chapter. The third chapter in the third part enhances understanding about clinical impact and treatment implications of comorbidity in adolescents with substance abuse problem. Developmental context of comorbid psychiatric disorders with substance abuse, assessment issues, and clinical approach are discussed in detail. This chapter is useful both for practitioners and researchers. The last chapter in the third part focuses on HIV HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), either of two closely related retroviruses that invade T-helper lymphocytes and are responsible for AIDS. There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS in the United States.  infection in adolescent substance abusers. It discusses patterns of HIV risk and substance abuse in adolescents and different interventions at the individual level, small group level, family level, and community level.

The fourth part is about empirically-tested interventions for substance abuse in adolescents and has five chapters. This section is clearly the backbone of the book. The first chapter in this part is around the topic of therapeutic communities. Background, history, empirical basis, the prototypical adolescent therapeutic community, and methodological, clinical, and policy issues with therapeutic communities are discussed in the chapter. The second chapter in the fourth part is about school-based interventions and student assistance programs are discussed. The third chapter in the fourth part is about behavioral and family interventions. The fourth chapter is about behavioral management approaches and discusses behavior analysis and principles of contingency management
For use in management theory, see Contingency theory.


Contingency Management is a type of treatment used in the mental health or substance abuse fields.
. The last chapter in the fourth part is about cognitive-behavioral therapies. The underlying theoretical models, evidence from randomized controlled trials, and applications for comorbid conditions are discussed in this chapter.

The fifth part of this book is about culturally-based interventions for adolescent substance abusers and has two chapters. The first chapter is about family centered treatment for American Indian American Indian
 or Native American or Amerindian or indigenous American

Any member of the various aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of the Eskimos (Inuit) and the Aleuts.
 adolescent substance abuse. The American Indian communities are described along with family-centered intervention and results from evaluation. The second and last chapter in this section is about family-based treatment in Hispanic adolescents. The emphasis on cultural competence cultural competence Social medicine The ability to understand, appreciate, and interact with persons from cultures and/or belief systems other than one's own  is the highlight of this chapter.

The sixth and final part has only one chapter and focuses on the future. The chapter points at the need to decrease the gap between research and practice, the need to disseminate research findings, enhance access to evidence-based approaches, expand the role of juvenile justice system, and confront the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome  epidemic.

The book is a valuable resource for practitioners, researchers, and policy makers in the area of substance abuse particularly those working with adolescents. It is also useful for graduate students in health, education, social work, counseling, addictive behaviors, sociology and psychology who are studying treatment aspects of substance abuse. The book has been written by several contributors which add to the flavor of the book. On the whole, this monograph will serve as an important book in this area.

REFERENCES

Brown, R. T. (2002). Risk factors for substance abuse in adolescents. Pediatric pediatric /pe·di·at·ric/ (pe?de-at´rik) pertaining to the health of children.

pe·di·at·ric
adj.
Of or relating to pediatrics.
 Clinics of North America, 49 (2), 247-255.

Hall, W., & Babor. T.F. (2000). Cannabis uses and public health: assessing the burden, Addiction, 95, 485-490.

Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Marlatt, G.A., & Gordon, J. R. (1980). Determinants of relapse: Implications for the maintenance of behavior change. In P. Davidson, & S.M. Davidson (eds.), Behavioral medicine behavioral medicine
n.
The application of behavior therapy techniques, such as biofeedback and relaxation training, to the prevention and treatment of medical and psychosomatic disorders and to the treatment of undesirable behaviors, such as overeating.
: Changing health lifestyles (pp. 410-452). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

Schydlower, M. (2006). Adolescent substance use and abuse: Current issues. Texas Medicine, 98(2), 31-35.

Review by Manoj Sharma, University of Cincinnati The University of Cincinnati is a coeducational public research university in Cincinnati, Ohio. Ranked as one of America’s top 25 public research universities and in the top 50 of all American research universities,[2]  
COPYRIGHT 2006 American Alcohol & Drug Information Foundation
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2006, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.

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Author:Sharma, Manoj
Publication:Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education
Article Type:Book review
Date:Dec 1, 2006
Words:1262
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