Substance abuse: medical and slang terminology.Abstract: Substance abuse is among one of the major problems plaguing our society. It has come to the attention of several healthcare professionals that a communication gap exists between themselves and substance abusers. Most of the time the substance abusers are only familiar with the slang terms of abused substances, a terminology that medical professionals are usually unaware of. This paper is an attempt to close that communication gap, allowing health care professionals to understand the slang terminology that their patients use, thus enabling them to make appropriate treatment decisions. In addition, the article presents some key features (including active ingredient, pharmacological classification, medical use, abuse form, usage method, combinations used, effects sought, long-term possible effects, and detectability in urine) of the most commonly abused substances. Key Words: addiction, drugs, medical terminology, slang, substance abuse ********** Substance abuse is one of the major problems currently plaguing our society. A recent survey found the lifetime prevalence of a diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence to be 16.7% among the United States population over 18 years of age. (1) The widespread excessive use of these habit-forming substances is associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality Morbidity and Mortality can refer to:
Alcohol Slang terms Booze, beverage, juice, sauce, brew, vino Active ingredient Ethanol, ethyl alcohol Source Natural (from fruits, grains, vegetables) Pharmacological classification CNS depressant Medical use Solvent, antiseptic, sedative, historically used to delay premature labor Abuse form Clear absolute alcohol liquid diluted and/or blended as wine, beer, liquor (distilled spirits) or liqueur. Small amounts used in products such as mouthwash mouthwash /mouth·wash/ (mouth´wosh) a solution for rinsing the mouth. mouth·wash n. A medicated liquid for cleaning the mouth and treating diseased mucous membranes. and cough medicine. Non-beverage isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol are "alley juice" drinks for street alcoholics and teenagers. Usage Method Taken orally, applied topically, experimentally provided by inhalation Effects Sought Intoxication, sensory alteration, anxiety reduction Adverse Effects Toxic psychosis, neurologic and liver damage, fetal alcohol syndrome fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), pattern of physical, developmental, and psychological abnormalities seen in babies born to mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Detectable In Urine Yes (also detectable in exhaled gas and levels can be measured in plasma) Amphetamines Slang terms Bennies, billy, black beauties, copilots, crank, crystal, desoxyn, dexedrine, dexies, eye openers, lid poppers, meth, pep pills, Rx diet pills, speed, ups, uppers, wake-ups, whizz Active ingredient Amphetamine, dextroamphetamine dextroamphetamine /dex·tro·am·phet·amine/ (dek?stro-am-fet´ah-men) the dextrorotatory isomer of amphetamine; used as the sulfate salt in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention-deficit. Abuse of this drug may lead to dependence. , methamphetamine Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification CNS See Continuous net settlement. CNS See continuous net settlement (CNS). stimulant Medical use Control of appetite, narcolepsy, depression, some childhood behavior disorders (particularly attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) Abuse form Tablets, capsules, liquid, powder (white) Usage method Taken orally, sniffed, or injected Combinations Barbiturates Barbiturates Definition Barbiturates are medicines that act on the central nervous system and cause drowsiness and can control seizures. Purpose with methamphetamine; or cocaine and heroin ("speedball speed·ball n. An intravenous dose of cocaine mixed with heroin or an amphetamine. ") with LSD LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide (lī'sûr`jĭk, dī'ĕth`ələmĭd, dī'ĕthəlăm`ĭd), alkaloid synthesized from lysergic acid, which is found in the fungus ergot ( and PCP PCP abbr. 1. phencyclidine 2. primary care physician Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Effects sought Increases alertness and energy Adverse Effects Loss of appetite loss of appetite Medtalk Anorexia, see there , delusions, hallucinations, toxic psychosis Detectable in urine Yes Barbiturates Slang terms Amytal (amobarbial), barbs, bluebirds, blues, butisol (butabarbital), downers, goofballs, luminal (phenobarbital phenobarbital /phe·no·bar·bi·tal/ (fe?no-bahr´bi-tal) a long-acting barbiturate, used as the base or sodium salt as a sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant. phe·no·bar·bi·tal n. ), 'ludes, 714s (methaqualone meth·a·qua·lone n. A potentially habit-forming drug used as a sedative and hypnotic. methaqualone a nonbarbiturate hypnotic similar to barbiturates in its effects. ), seconal (secobarbital secobarbital /se·co·bar·bi·tal/ (se?ko-bahr´bi-tal) a short-acting barbiturate used as the sodium salt as a hypnotic and sedative and as an anticonvulsant in tetanus. sec·o·bar·bi·tal n. ), nembutal (pentobarbital pentobarbital /pen·to·bar·bi·tal/ (pen?to-bahr´bi-tal) a short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate; the sodium salt is used as a hypnotic and sedative, usually presurgery, and as an anticonvulsant. ), tooties, yellow jackets Active ingredient Phenobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, amobarbital amobarbital (ăm'ōbär`bĭtäl), drug that acts as a nervous system depressant. See barbiturate. Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Sedative hypnotic Medical use Sedation, epilepsy Abuse form Tablets, capsules, liquid solution Usage method Taken orally, injected, or inserted as rectal suppository suppository /sup·pos·i·to·ry/ (su-poz´i-tor?e) an easily fusible medicated mass to be introduced into a body orifice, as the rectum, urethra, or vagina. sup·pos·i·to·ry n. Combinations Amobarbital or secobarbital with butalbital, and caffeine [right arrow] "tuinal"; with weak street heroin and methamphetamine [right arrow] "fiorinal". Effects sought Anxiety reduction, euphoria. Adverse effects Severe withdrawal symptoms, possible convulsions Convulsions Also termed seizures; a sudden violent contraction of a group of muscles. Mentioned in: Heat Disorders , toxic psychosis Detectable in urine Yes Butyl Nitrite Slang terms Liquid incense, room deodorizer deodorizer or deodorant, substance used to absorb or eliminate offensive odors. Disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and chlorine compounds eliminate odors caused by microorganisms. , rush, locker room, Poppers Active ingredient Butyl nitrite Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Vasodilator vasodilator /vaso·di·la·tor/ (-di-la´ter) 1. causing dilatation of blood vessels. 2. a nerve or agent that does this. va·so·di·la·tor n. Medical use None (amyl nitrite used in angina pectoris) Abuse form Liquid Usage method Inhaled Effects sought Exhilaration Adverse effects Damage to heart and blood vessels; may aggravate heart problems Detectable in urine Methemaglobin in blood Cannabis, see Marijuana Cocaine Slang terms Blow, "C", charlie, coke, devil's dandruff, pearl flake, peruvian marching powder, rock, snow, stardust, toot Active ingredient Cocaine hydrochloride Source Natural (from coca leaves) Pharmacological classification Local or topical anesthesia Medical use Local or topical anesthesia, nose bleeds Abuse Form Powder (white) or liquid Usage Method Snorted; taken orally; injected; applied to mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, rectum (powder) Combination With heroin, "dynamite," "speed ball," or "whiz-bang"; with morphine, also "whiz-bang"; dissolved in liquid Effects Sought Stimulation, excitation, euphoria Adverse Effects Loss of appetite, depression, paranoia, psychosis, convulsions, nasal passage injury, heart attack, stroke, seizure Detectable in urine Yes Cocaine Free Base Slang terms Base, crack, free-base free·base or free-base v. free·based, free·bas·ing, free·bas·es v.tr. 1. To purify (cocaine) by dissolving it in a heated solvent and separating and drying the precipitate. 2. , french fries (three-inch sticks), readyrock, rock Active ingredient Cocaine base Source Natural (prepared from cocaine hydrochloride) Pharmacological Classification Local or topical anesthesia Medical use Topical anesthetic ointments Abuse form White crystal, slivers resembling soap shavings Usage method Smoked (inhaled vapors) Combinations With heroin, "dynamite" "speedball" or "whiz-bang"; with morphine, also "whiz-bang Effects sought Intensified cocaine effects Adverse effects Weight loss, depression, hypertension, hallucinations, psychosis, chronic cough, heart attack, stroke, seizure Detectable in urine Yes Codeine codeine (kō`dēn), alkaloid found in opium. It is a narcotic whose effects, though less potent, resemble those of morphine. An effective cough suppressant, it is mainly used in cough medicines. Like other narcotics, codeine is addictive. Slang terms Schoolboy Active ingredient Methylmorphine Source Natural (from opium), semisynthetic semisynthetic /semi·syn·thet·ic/ (-sin-thet´ik) produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. sem·i·syn·thet·ic adj. 1. (from morphine) Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use Ease pain and coughing Abuse form Tablets or liquid (in cough syrup) Usage method Taken orally or injected Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Caffeine Slang terms Cafe, cafergot, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, cola drinks, cold/cough medications, espresso, guarana guarana /gua·ra·na/ (gwah-rah´nah) [Tupi-Guarani] the Brazilian woody vine Paullinia cupana, or a dried paste prepared from its seeds which is used as a stimulant and tonic in folk medicine and for the treatment of headache in , guaranine, natural stimulant, tea, pep pill, yerba mate Active ingredient Caffeine Source Natural Pharmacological classification CNS stimulant Medical use Mild stimulant Abuse form White, crystalline powder solution; seeds of coffea arabica (coffee); leaves of thea sinensis (tea); seeds of theobroma cacao (cocoa, chocolate); leaves of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate); kola nuts of cola acuminata (cola drinks) Usage method Taken orally Combinations With asprin and/or codeine (cold and cough medications); with ergotamine ergotamine /er·got·amine/ (er-got´ah-min) an alkaloid of ergot; the tartrate salt is used for relief of migraine and cluster headaches. er·got·a·mine n. (cafergot); with theophylline theophylline /the·oph·yl·line/ (the-of´i-lin) a xanthine derivative found in tea leaves and prepared synthetically; its salts and derivatives act as smooth muscle relaxants, central nervous system and cardiac muscle stimulants, and or dextrose dextrose: see glucose. (stimulants) Effects sought Alertness; headache treatment; pain relievers; cold/allergy treatment; muscle relaxant; diuretic Adverse effects Irritability, insomnia, tremors, hyperalertness, and may aggravate heart problems Detectable in urine Yes Ecstasy, see MDMA MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. MDMA n. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine; a mescaline analog. MDMA 3,4 methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. See Ecstasy. Flunitrazepam flu·ni·tra·ze·pam n. A benzodiazepine drug that is illegal in the US but is used elsewhere as a hypnotic and in anesthesia. It is popularly known as the "date rape drug" because its ability to cause semiconciousness and memory blackouts has led to its Slang terms rohypnol, sexual assault drug, roach, roche (ro-shay), roofies, run-trip-and-fall, R-2, Mexican valium, ropynol, rib, rope Active ingredient Benzodiazepine benzodiazepine (bĕn'zōdīăz`əpēn'), any of a class of drugs prescribed for their tranquilizing, antianxiety, sedative, and muscle-relaxing effects. Benzodiazepines are also prescribed for epilepsy and alcohol withdrawal. Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Strong sedative (ten times the potency of diazepam diazepam /di·az·e·pam/ (di-az´e-pam) a benzodiazepine used as an antianxiety agent, sedative, antipanic agent, antitremor agent, skeletal muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. ) Medical use Presurgical anesthetic; insomnia Abuse form White tablets Usage method Taken orally, snorted Effects sought Intoxication, sleepiness, deep sedation Adverse effects Respiratory distress, blackouts, amnesia, death with overdose Detectable in urine Yes [gamma]-Hydroxybutyrate Slang terms GHB GHB abbr. gamma-hydroxybutyrate GHB 1 Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, γ-hydroxy-butyrate See GABA 2 Glycosylated hemoglobin, see there GHb Glycosylated hemoglobin, see there , sexual assault drug, date rape drug date rape drug Public health A popular name for Rohypnol, which is 10-fold more potent than Valium as a sedative hypnotic; its notoriety derives from its alleged ability to ↓ inhibitions and defenses in ♀, helping the female's partner make unwanted sexual advances , grievous bodily harm grievous bodily harm Noun Criminal law serious injury caused by one person to another Noun 1. grievous bodily harm - street names for gamma hydroxybutyrate , easy lay, gook, gamma 10, liquid X, liquid E, liquid G, Georgia home boy Noun 1. Georgia home boy - street names for gamma hydroxybutyrate grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy, max, easy lay, goop, soap, scoop gamma hydroxybutyrate, GHB - a club drug available in liquid or powder form is taken orally (frequently combined with , soap, scoop, salty water, somatomax, GG-riffick, cherry meth, fantasy, organic quaalude, nature's quaalude, zonked zonk v. zonked, zonk·ing, zonks Slang v.tr. 1. To stupefy; stun. 2. To intoxicate with drugs or alcohol: "zonk their patients with tranquilizers" Active ingredient [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification CNS depressant Medical use Once sold in health food stores as performance enhancing additive to body builder formulae, now banned by FDA FDA abbr. Food and Drug Administration FDA, n.pr See Food and Drug Administration. FDA, n.pr the abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration. ; analgesic effects plus amnesia Abuse form Capsules; grainy, white to sandy-colored powder Usage method Taken orally or dissolved in liquids like water and alcoholic beverages Effects sought Intoxication, deep sedation Adverse effects Chemical burns to esophagus, mouth and throat; amnesia; seizures, respiratory depression; coma and possible death with overdose Detectable in urine Yes Heroin Slang terms Black tar, china white, dust, "H", horse, J junk, Mexican mud, scag, smack Active ingredient Diacetyl morphine Source Semisynthetic (from morphine) Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use None legally Abuse form Powder (white, gray, brown) Usage method Injected (bloodstream, under skin, or into muscle), snorted, smoked ("chasing the dragon"), or taken orally (powder wrapped in bread) Combinations With amphetamine, "bombita"; with cocaine, "dynamite," "speedball," or "whizbang"; with marijuana, "atombomb" or "A-bomb" Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Inhalants inhalants, n.pl 1. chemical vapors that are inhaled for their mind-altering effects. 2. in herbology, volatile herbal compounds that are delivered by holding a soaked pad to the nose and mouth, by placing the herbs in steaming water, or Slang terms Solvents, aerosols, nitrites (poppers), nitrous oxide, glue, transmission fluid, typewriter correction fluid, sniff Active ingredient Organic solvents Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Sedative/hypnotic, anesthetic Medical use Few used for anesthetic purposes Abuse form Various (primarily hydrocarbon solvents as liquid or gas) Usage method Inhaled as gas or vapor; sniffed; taken po; injected into bloodstream Combinations Anti-freeze, gasoline, de-greaser; windshield washers, foam dispensers, acetone; cleaning-fluid, spot remover, nail polish remover nail polish remover n → quitaesmalte m nail polish remover nail n → dissolvant m nail polish remover nail n , shoe polish; gasoline, household cements, lacquer thinners, lighter fluid, model cements; airplane glue, plastic cements, rubber tire patching cement; paint and varnish removers, paint brush cleaners, household waxes; type-writer correcting fluids and thinners, general household cleaners; floor wax removers, suede cleaners, liquid incense, room deodorizer Effects sought Intoxication Adverse effects Impaired perception, coordination, judgment; toxicity from solvent impurities; dementia Detectable in urine Specialized testing required Ketamine Slang terms Special K, K, vitamin K, cat valiums, ket Active ingredient Methadone Source Semisynthetic Pharmacological classification Analgesic Medical use Anesthetic purpose (90% sold for veterinary use) Abuse form Powder or liquid Usage method Snorted, smoked, or injected intramuscularly Combinations Often snorted or smoked with marijuana or tobacco products; with alcohol Effects sought Euphoria (causes dream-like states and hallucinations); has been used in rape Adverse effects Delirium, amnesia, impaired memory, impaired motor function, hypertension, depression, respiratory failure, and heart failure Detectable in urine Yes LSD Slang terms Acid, LSD-25, blotter acid, blotters, dots, windowpane win·dow·pane n. 1. A piece of glass filling a window or a section of a window. 2. A pattern of thin lines forming large squares on a background of a different color. 3. Slang LSD. , named after pictures on paper, mesc, microdots, trips, tabs Active ingredient D-lysergic acid diethylamide Source Semisynthetic (from ergot ergot (ûr`gət), disease of rye and other cereals caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The cottony, matlike body, or mycelium, of the fungus develops in the ovaries of the host plant; it eventually turns into a hard pink or purple alkaloids alkaloids, n alkaline phytochemicals that contain nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring structure. They can have powerful pharmacological effects and are more often used in traditional medicine than in herbal treatments. ) Pharmacological classification Hallucinogen hallucinogen Substance that produces psychological effects normally associated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religious visions. It produces changes in perception (ranging from distortions in what is sensed to perceptions of objects where there are none), thought, and Medical use Experimental research only Abuse form Tablets, capsules, liquid, or paper squares Usage method Taken orally Effects sought Insight, distortion of senses, exhilaration, mystical/religious experience Adverse effects May intensify existing psychosis; panic reactions, flashback psychotic experiences described Detectable in urine Yes Marijuana (Cannabis) Slang terms Acapulco gold, ace, bhang bhang also bang n. A preparation from the leaves and seed capsules of the cannabis plant, smoked, chewed, eaten, or infused and drunk to obtain mild euphoria. , cannabis stiva, Colombian, concentrated resin--hash, dope, ganja Ganja: see Gyandzha, Azerbaijan. , grass, weed, hashish hashish (hăsh`ēsh, –ĭsh), resin extracted from the flower clusters and top leaves of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, and C. indica. , hashish oil, hemp, home-grown, honey oil, Indian, indica, Jamaican, jive, joint, mary jane, maui-wowie, Mexican, Panama red, Panama gold, pot, ragweed ragweed, any plant of the genus Ambrosia, coarse, weedy herbs belonging to the family Asteraceae (aster family), most of which are native to America. They have inconspicuous greenish flowers and soft subdivided leaves. , reefer reef·er n. Marijuana, especially a marijuana cigarette. , roach, sativa, sinse, sinsemilla sin·se·mil·la n. A highly potent form of marijuana obtained from unpollinated female plants. [Spanish : sin, without (from Latin sine) + semilla, seed , tea, thaisticks, weed oil Active ingredient Tetrhydrocannabinolis (THC THC tetrahydrocannabinol. THC n. Tetrahydrocannabinol; a compound that is obtained from cannabis or is made synthetically; it is the primary intoxicant in marijuana and hashish. ) Source Natural (from cannabis sativa) Pharmacological classification CNS depressant, hallucinogen Medical use Anti-emetic in cancer, chemotherapy, glaucoma, epilepsy, muscle spasm due to multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury Spinal Cord Injury Definition Spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord that causes loss of sensation and motor control. Description Approximately 10,000 new spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occur each year in the United States. Abuse form Plant particles (dark green or brown dry leaf), resin oil, leaf oil Usage method Smoked (a joint, bong, or pipe); may be cooked in foods and eaten Combinations With PCP, "supergrass supergrass Noun Brit, Austral & NZ an informer who names a large number of people as terrorists or criminals, esp. one who gives this information in order to avoid being put on trial Noun 1. " or "killer weed"; with opium, "O J"; with heroin, "atomb bomb" or "A-bomb" Effects sought Euphoria, relaxation, increased perception Adverse effects Bronchitis, conjunctivitis conjunctivitis (kənjəngtəvī`təs), inflammation or infection of the mucosal membrane that covers the eyeball and lines the eyelid, usually acute, caused by a virus or, less often, by a bacillus, an allergic reaction, or an , possible birth defects, reduces drive and motivation Detectable in urine Yes MDMA (MDA (1) (Monochrome Display Adapter) The first IBM PC monochrome video display standard for text. Due to its lack of graphics, MDA cards were often replaced with Hercules cards, which provided both text and graphics. See PC display modes and Hercules Graphics. , MDE, MMDA MMDA See: Money Market Demand Account. Same as Money Market Deposit Account ) Slang terms Love drug, ecstasy, XTC XTC See Ecstasy, MDMA. , adam, "E," doves, disco biscuits, echoes, hug drug, eccies, burgers, fantasy Active ingredient Various methoxylated amphetamines Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Amphetamine-based hallucinogen Medical use Briefly used to augment psychotherapy Abuse form Tablets or capsules Usage method Taken orally Effects sought Same as LSD Adverse effects Neurotoxic neurotoxic pertaining to or emanating from a neurotoxin. neurotoxic state a case of poisoning by a neurotoxin. neurotoxic adjective , particularly to serotoninergic serotoninergic /sero·to·nin·er·gic/ (ser?o-to?nin-er´jik) 1. containing or activated by serotonin. 2. pertaining to neurons that secrete serotonin. neurons Detectable in urine Yes Meperidine meperidine (me-per´i-den) an opioid analgesic, used as the hydrochloride salt as an analgesic and an anesthesia adjunct. meperidine a centrally acting analgesic with spasmolytic properties equal to those of atropine. Slang terms None Active ingredient Meperidine hydrochloride Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Narcotic Analgesic Medical use Pain relief, prevent withdrawal discomfort Abuse form Tablets or liquid Usage method Taken orally or injected Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Mescaline mescaline (mĕs`kələn), perception-altering substance found in peyote. See hallucinogenic drug. mescaline Hallucinogen, the active principle in the flowering heads of the peyote cactus. (Peyote peyote (pāō`tē), spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii), ingested by indigenous people in Mexico and the United States to produce visions. Cactus) Slang terms Mesc, peyote, peyote buttons Active ingredient Mescaline Source Natural (from peyote cactus) Pharmacological classification Hallucinogen Medical use Used in traditional healing practices Abuse form Tablets, capsules, raw drug (buttons) Usage method Taken orally Effects sought Same as LSD Adverse effects Milder than LSD Detectable in urine No Methadone Slang terms Dolly Active ingredient Methadone hydrochloride Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use Pain relief, treatment of narcotic addiction Abuse form Tablets or liquid Usage method Taken orally or injected Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Methaqualone Slang terms Ludes, 714's, spoor Active ingredient Methaqualone Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Sedative hypnotic Medical use Sedation Abuse form Tablets Usage method Taken orally or snorted Effects sought Euphoria, aphrodisiac Adverse effects Coma, convulsions Detectable in urine Yes Morphine Slang terms White stuff, M, morf Active ingredient Morphine sulfate Source Natural (from opium) Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use Pain relief Abuse form Powder (white), tablets, or liquid Usage method Taken Orally or injected Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Nitrous Oxide Slang terms Laughing gas, gas, whippitts, nitrous, blue bottle Active ingredient Nitrous oxide Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Inhalation anesthetic Medical use Anesthesia Abuse form Gas in pressurized containers Usage method Inhaled Effects sought Euphoria, relaxation Adverse effects Kidney or liver damage, peripheral neuropathy, spontaneous abortion Oxycodone oxycodone /oxy·co·done/ (-ko´don) an opioid analgesic derived from morphine; used in the form of the hydrochloride and terephthalate salts. ox·y·co·done n. Slang terms None known at the time Active ingredient 14-hydroxydihydro-codeinone Source Semisynthetic (morphine-like) Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use Pain relief Abuse form Tablets or liquid Usage method Taken orally or injected Effects sought Euphoria Adverse effects Addiction, constipation, loss of appetite Detectable in urine Yes Peyote Cactus, see Mescaline Phencyclidine phencyclidine /phen·cy·cli·dine/ (PCP) (fen-si´kli-den) a potent veterinary analgesic and anesthetic, used as a drug of abuse in the form of the hydrochloride salt; its abuse by humans may lead to serious psychological disturbances. (PCP) Slang terms Angel dust, crystal, hog, horse tranquilizer tranquilizer, drug whose action calms the central nervous system, decreasing emotional agitation without impairing alertness. Tranquilizing drugs differ from hypnotic drugs such as barbiturates in that they do not act on the brain's cortical areas but rather on its , peace pill, tea, tic, THC, zoot Active ingredient Phencyclidine Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Dissociative anesthetic Medical use Once used as a veterinary anesthetic Abuse form Tablets, powder in smoking mixtures Usage method Smoked, snorted, taken orally, injected Combinations With LSD; with marijuana, tobacco, or parsley [right arrow] "supergrass" or "killer weed" Effects sought Distortion of senses Adverse effects Psychotic behavior, violent acts, psychosis Detectable in urine Yes Psilocybin psilocybin (sĭl'əsī`bən), perception-altering substance found in some species of mushroom. See hallucinogenic drug. Slang terms Magic mushrooms, shrooms Active ingredient Psilocybin Source Natural (from psilocybe fungus--a type of mushroom) Pharmacological classification Hallucinogen Medical use None Abuse form Mushrooms, rarely as tablets or capsules Usage method Taken orally Effects sought Same as LSD Advserse effects Milder than LSD Detectable in urine No Rohypnol, see Flunitrazepam Synthetic Narcotics (Analogs) Slang terms China white, synthetic heroin, MPTP MPTP 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, analogs MTMP, PEPAP Neurology A potent neurotoxin–which has an effect much like Meperidine or Demerol—that acts on neuromelanin, producing parkinsonism Clinical Bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, resting , MPPP, PEPAP Active ingredient Analogs of synthetic narcotics (fentanyl fentanyl /fen·ta·nyl/ (fen´tah-nil) an opioid analgesic; the citrate salt is used as an adjunct to anesthesia, in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, in combination with droperidol (or similar agent) as a neuroleptanalgesic, and meperidine phencyclidine) Source Synthetic Pharmacological classification Narcotic analgesic Medical use None Abuse form Powders Usage method Injected or snorted Effects sought Euphoria Long-Term Effects Addiction, MPTP induced Parkinsonism Detectable in urine Yes Tobacco Slang terms Cigs, smokes, butts, cancer sticks Active ingredient Nicotine Source Natural (from Nicotinia Tabacum) Pharmacological classification CNS toxin Medical use Emetic emetic (əmĕt`ĭk), substance that produces vomiting. Direct, or gastric, emetics, which act directly on the stomach, include syrup of ipecac, sulfate of zinc or copper, alum, ammonium carbonate, mustard in water, or copious quantities of Abuse form Snuff, pipe cut particles, cigars, cigarettes Usage method Smoked, snorted, chewed Effects sought Relaxation Advserse Effects Loss of appetite; addictive lung cancer; retarded fetal growth Detectable in urine Yes Well done is better than well said. --Benjamin Franklin Appendix: Listing by Slang Terms A-bomb: combination of marijuana with heroin Atom Bomb: see A-bomb Acapulco Gold: marijuana Acid: LSD Adam: MDA, MDE, MDMA, MMDA Alley juice: nonbeverage isopropyl and methyl alcohol Amytal: amobarbital Angel Dust: PCP Base: cocaine free base Barbs: barbiturates Bennies: amphetamines/speed Beverage: alcohol Bhang: marijuana Billy: speed Black Beauties: amphetamine/speed Black Tar: heroin Blotter Acid: LSD Blotters: LSD Blow: cocaine Bluebirds: barbiturates Blues: barbiturates Blue-Bottle: nitrous oxide Bombitas: combination of heroin with amphetamines Booze: alcohol Brew: alcohol Burgers: ecstasy Butisol: butabarbital Butts: tobacco "C": cocaine Cafe: caffeine Cafergot: combination of caffeine with ergotamine Cancer Sticks: tobacco Cannabis Sativa: marijuana Cat Valium: ketamine Charlie: cocaine Chasing the dragon: smoking (vapor) Cherry Meth: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate China White: heroin (or analogs of synthetic narcotics) Chocolate: contains caffeine Cigs: tobacco Cocoa: contains caffeine Coffee: seeds of Coffea arabica with caffeine as active ingredient Coke: cocaine Colombian: marijuana Concentrated Resin: marijuana (concentrated resin form) Copilots: amphetamines/speed Cough medicine: contains alcohol Crack: cocaine free base Crank: amphetamines Crystal: PCP or amphetamines/speed Desoxyn: amphetamines/speed Dexedrine: amphetamines/speed Dexies: amphetamines/speed Devil's Dandruff: cocaine Diet pills (Rx): amphetamines Disco Biscuits: ecstasy Dolly: methadone Dope: marijuana Dots: LSD Doves: ecstasy Downers: barbiturates Dust: heroin Dynamite: combination of cocaine with heroin Easy Lay: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Eccies: ecstasy Echoes: ecstasy Ecstasy: MDA, MDE, MDMA, MMDA Espresso: caffeine Eye openers: amphetamines/speed Fantasy: ecstasy or [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Fiorinal: combination of amobarbital and secobarbital with weak heroin and methamphetamine Flake: cocaine Free-base: cocaine free base French fries: crack cocaine (free base cocaine free base cocaine Substance abuse An aqueous form of cocaine that allows it to be injected IV or smoked, producing a more intense 'high'–and more intense addiction. See Cocaine, Crack cocaine. ) [gamma]-10: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Ganja: marijuana Gas: Nitrous Oxide Georgia Home Boy: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Get Roached: to be under the influence of flunitrazepam GHB: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Glue: inhalant inhalant /in·hal·ant/ (in-hal´ant) 1. something meant to be inhaled; see inhalation (def. 3). 2. a class of psychoactive substances whose volatile vapors are subject to abuse. Goofball goof·ball or goof ball n. A barbiturate or tranquilizer in the form of a pill, especially when taken for nonmedical purposes. : barbiturates Gook: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Grass: marijuana Grievous Bodily Harm: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate G-riffick: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Guarana: caffeine Guaranine: caffeine "H": heroin Hash: marijuana (concentrated resin form) Hashish: marijuana Hashish Oil: marijuana Hemp: marijuana Home-Grown: marijuana Honey Oil: marijuana Horse: heroin Hug Drug: ecstasy Indian: marijuana Indica: marijuana Jamaican: marijuana Jive: marijuana Joint: marijuana Juice: alcohol Junk: heroin K: ketamine Ket: ketamine Killer Weed: combination of marijuana with PCP LSD-25: LSD Laughing Gas: nitrous oxide Lid poppers: amphetamines/speed Liquid-E: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Liquid-G: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Liquid Incense: butyl nitrite Liquid-X: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Locker Room: butyl nitrite Look-alike Amphetamine: combination of caffeine with PPA PPA 1. Palpation, Percussion & Ausculation 2. Pittsburgh pneumonia agent 3. Postpartum amenorrhea 4. Price per accession 5. Pure pulmonary atresia and ephedrine ephedrine (ĭfĕd`rĭn, ĕf`ĭdrēn'), drug derived from plants of the genus Ephedra (see Pinophyta), most commonly used to prevent mild or moderate attacks of bronchial asthma. Love Drug: MDA, MDE, MDMA, MMDA Ludes: methaqualone Luminal: phenobarbital "M": morphine Magic Mushrooms: psilocybin Mainlining: solution injected into bloodstream Marching Powder: cocaine Mary Jane: marijuana Maui-Wowie: marijuana Meth: amphetamines/speed Mexican: marijuana Mexican Mud: heroin Mexican Valium: flunitrazepam Microdots: LSD Morf: morphine Mouthwash: contains alcohol MPPP: analogs of synthetic narcotics MPTP: analogs of synthetic narcotics Natural Stimulant: caffeine Nature's Quaalude: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Nembutal: pentobarbital Nitrous: nitrous oxide O J: combination of marijuana with opium Organic Quaalude: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Panama Gold: marijuana Panama Red: marijuana PCP: phencyclidine Peace Pill: PCP Pearl-Flake: cocaine PEPAP: analogs of synthetic narcotics Pep-Pill: caffeine OR amphetamines/speed Peruvian Marching Powder: cocaine Peyote: mescaline Peyote Buttons: mescaline (peyote cactus) Poppers: butyl nitrite Pot: marijuana R-2: flunitrazepam Ragweed: marijuana Readyrock: crack cocaine (free base cocaine) Reefer: marijuana Rib: flunitrazepam Roach: marijuana Roach: flunitrazepam Roche: flunitrazepam Rock: cocaine free base Rohypnol: flunitrazepam Roofies: flunitrazepam Room Deodorizer: butyl nitrite Rope: flunitrazepam Ro-Shay: flunitrazepam Run-Trip-and-Fall: flunitrazepam Rush: butyl nitrite Salty Water: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Sauce: alcohol Scag: heroin Schoolboy: codeine Scoop: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Seconal: secobarbital Sexual Assault drug: flunitrazepam or [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Shrooms: psilocybin Sinse: marijuana Sinsemilla: marijuana Skin-popping: injected under skin Smack: heroin Smokes: tobacco Snorting: sniffing (powder) Snow: cocaine Soap: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Solvent: inhalant Somatomax: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate Sopor sopor /so·por/ (so´por) [L.] unnaturally deep or profound sleep. so·por n. A deep, lethargic, or unnatural sleep. sopor [L.] deep or profound sleep. : methaqualone Special K: ketamine Speed: amphetamines Speedball: combination of cocaine with heroin Stardust: cocaine Sticks: marijuana Stiva: marijuana Supergrass: combination of marijuana with PCP Synthetic Heroin: analogs of synthetic narcotics Tabs: LSD Tea: leaves of Thea sinesis (term sometimes used for marijuana or PCP) Thai-sticks: see "Sticks" THC: PCP Three-inch Sticks: crack cocaine (free base cocaine) Toot: Cocaine Tooties: barbiturates Transmission Fluid: inhalant Trips: LSD Tuinal: amobarbital and secobarbital with butalbital, aspirin, and caffeine Typewriter Correction Fluid: inhalant Ups: amphetamines (or nonprescription stimulants) Uppers: amphetamines (or nonprescription stimulants) Vino: alcohol Vitamin K: ketamine Wake-ups: amphetamines/speed Weed: marijuana Weed Oil: marijuana Whippitts: nitrous oxide White Stuff: morphine Whiz-bang: combination of cocaine with heroin OR cocaine with morphine Whizz: speed Windowpane: LSD XTC: MDMA, Ecstasy Yellow-Jackets: barbiturates Yerba mate: caffeine from leaves of ilex paraguariensis Zonked: [gamma]-hydroxybutyrate 714's: methaqualone Accepted June 22, 2004. References 1. Kaplan HI, Sadock, GJ, and Grebb JA. Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis Of Psychiatry--Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1994, ed 7. 2. National Institute of Drug Abuse. Community Drug Alert Bulletin. http://www.nida.nih.gov/ClubAlert/Clubdrugalert.html.AQ 3. The Times of India. Use of designer drugs on the rise. http://www.timesofindia.com/170100/'7mbom17.htm. 4. The Dangers of Designer Drugs. http://www.pediatrx.com/designerdrugs/index.html. 5. Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. http://www.tcada.state.tx.us. 6. Drug Free Resource Net, Partnership for a Drug Free America. http://www.drugfreeamerica.org. 7. Drugs of Abuse. Washington, DC: Drug Enforcement Administration The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was established in 1973 by President richard m. nixon as part of the Justice Department, thus uniting a number of federal drug agencies that had often worked at cross-purposes. , 1996. http://www.usdoj.gov/pubs/abuse/contents.htm. 8. Addictive substances used for non-medical purposes. Jefferson Country Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center. Louisville, Kentucky. 2001. 9. Facts about Drugs. Patient information handouts. 1989 Parlay International. 10. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. USP USP - unique sales point DI--17th Edition. Vol 1. Rockville: The United States Pharmacopeial phar·ma·co·pe·ial adj. 1. Of or relating to a pharmacopoeia. 2. Relating to a drug in the list of the United States Pharmacopoeia or similar pharmacopoeia. Convention, Inc.; 1997. 11. Discussions with the staff members of Jefferson County Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center. RELATED ARTICLE: Key Points * A listing of medical and slang names for commonly abused drugs is presented. * Subjective and objective effects of these drugs are presented. * Medical and street utility of the drugs are also presented. Humera Hamid, BA, Rif S. El-Mallakh, MD, and Keith Vandeveir, CADC From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville See also
1. ^ [1] 2. ^ [2] URL accessed on June 8 2006 3. , Louisville, KY. Reprint requests to Rif S. El-Mallakh, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Room 210, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202. Email: rselma01@athena.louisville.edu |
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