Strict implementation of 1977 arms embargo against South Africa asked by Council.The Security Council on 28 November asked States to implement strictly its 1977 mandatory arms embargo An arms embargo is an embargo that applies to weaponry. It may also include "dual use" items. An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes:
States were also asked to refrain from any co-operation in the nuclear field with South Africa which would contribute to the manufacture and development by that country of nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive A nuclear explosive is an explosive device that derives its energy from nuclear reactions. Almost all nuclear explosive devices that have been designed and produced are nuclear weapons intended for warfare; see that article for more detail. devices. The Council acted by adopting by consensus resolution 591 (1986), the text of which had been recommended by its Committee on sanctions against South Africa, formally known as the "Security Council Committee established by resolution 421 (1977) concerning the question of South Africa". (The Council imposed the mandatory arms embargo against South Africa in its resolution 418 of 4 November 1977. Under resolution 421 of 9 December 1977, the Council established a committee consisting of all Council members to study ways by which that embargo could be made more effective and to make recommendations to the Council.) In resolution 591, States were called on to prohibit the export of spare parts Spare parts, also referred to as Service Parts is a term used to indicate extra parts available and in proximity to the mechanical item, such as a automobile, boat, engine, for which they might be used. Spare parts are also called “spares. for embargoed aircraft and other military equipment belonging to South Africa and any official involvement in the maintenance and service of such equipment. States were also urged to ban export to South Africa of items which they had reason to believe were destined des·tine tr.v. des·tined, des·tin·ing, des·tines 1. To determine beforehand; preordain: a foolish scheme destined to fail; a film destined to become a classic. 2. for its military and/or police forces, which had a military capacity and which were intended for military purposes - aircraft, aircraft engines, aircraft parts, electronic and telecommunication equipment, computers and four-wheel drive vehicles, The Council asked States to ensure that their national legislation or comparable policy directives guaranteed that specific provisions to implement resolution 418 included penalties to deter vilolations. States were also asked to adopt measures to investigate violations, prevent future circumventions and strengthen their machinery for the implementation of resolution 418 with a view to the effective monitoring and verification of transfers of arms and other equipment in violation of the arms embargo. The embargo should, the Council stated, include - in addition to all nuclear, strategic and conventional weapons - all military, paramilitary police vehicles and equipment, "as well as weapons and ammunitions, spare parts and supplies for the aforementioned and the sale or transfer thereof". It renewed its request to States to refrain from importing arms, ammunition of all types and military vehicles Military vehicles include all land combat and transportation vehicles, excluding rail-based, which are designed for or are in significant use by military forces. See also list of armoured fighting vehicles. produced in South Africa. States were called upon to prohibit the import or entry of all South African armaments for display in international fairs and exhibitions under their jurisdiction; to end exchanges as well as visits and exchanges of visits by government personnel, when such visits and exchanges maintained or increased South Africa's military or police capabilities; and to refrain from participating in any activities; in South Africa which they had reason to believe might contribute to Pretoria's military capability. States, including those not United Nations members, were asked to act in accordance with the provisions of the resolution. The Council's Committee on sanctions against South Africa was asked to continue its efforts to secure full implementation of the arms embargo against South Africa. The Council met to consider the question of South Africa on the basis of a 24 November letter (S/18474) from D.H.N. Alleyne, Chairman of the Council's Committee on sanctions against South Africa. The letter transmitted the text of a resolution that the Committee had adopted by consensus that same day. Mr. Alleyne (Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (trĭn`ĭdăd, təbā`gō), officially Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, republic (2005 est. pop. 1,088,000), 1,980 sq mi (5,129 sq km), West Indies. The capital is Port of Spain. ) said that, while some countries had observed the letter and the spirit of Council resolutions providing for the prevention of arms shipments to South Africa, the embargo had itself been "something of a leaky barrier through which arms and military technology for bolstering a domestic arms industry in South Africa have flowed freely". The resolution sought to secure full implementation of the embargo by recommending measures to close loopholes in it, to reinforce it and to make it more effective. Council members representing France, the United States, the United Kingdom and Bulgaria also gave their views. African Natural Resources Institute established An Institute for Natural Resources in Africa (INRA INRA Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique (France; National Institute for Agronomic Research) INRA Institute for Natural Resources in Africa INRA Inland Northwest Research Alliance ) has been established by the United Nations University as a research and training centre in Yamoussoukro, Cote d'Ivoire. Contributions totalling nearly 16 million have been received from Cote d'Ivoire, Zambia and France, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDP Unión Nacional para la Democracia y el Progreso (National Union for Democracy and Progress) ), and the Fund of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), multinational organization (est. 1960, formally constituted 1961) that coordinates petroleum policies and economic aid among oil-producing nations. (OPEC OPEC: see Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC in full Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Multinational organization established in 1960 to coordinate the petroleum production and export policies of its ). More than 2,500 kilometres of feeder roads completed in Sahelian Africa The United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office reports the completion of more than 2,500 kilometres - approximately 1,389 miles - of new access roads in the Sahelian region of Africa, extending from Cape Verde to Niger. The roads were built with the co-operation of the Sahelian countries and the international donor community, and open up many landlocked landlocked adj. referring to a parcel of real property which has no access or egress (entry or exit) to a public street and cannot be reached except by crossing another's property. areas of the region. They will also reduce the impact of emergencies caused by drought and desertification desertification Spread of a desert environment into arid or semiarid regions, caused by climatic changes, human influence, or both. Climatic factors include periods of temporary but severe drought and long-term climatic changes toward dryness. by enabling a steady flow of food and medical supplies and by securing lines of communication "Lines of Communication" is an episode from the fourth season of the science-fiction television series Babylon 5. Synopsis Franklin and Marcus attempt to persuade the Mars resistance to assist Sheridan in opposing President Clark. to the most remote areas. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) helped provide equipment, technical assistance and financing. |
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