State suport: yes, Virginia, C&D recycling can save money.

Faced with crowded landfills, high construction costs and environmental concerns, cities and states across the nation are recycling construction debris and implementing other Green Building practices, while trying to minimize cost and timing barriers. Virginia is now among those states.

The Virginia Department of General Services (DGS), Richmond, is responsible for the construction and renovation of properties within the Capitol Complex and is leading the commonwealth of Virginia's efforts in demolition, recycling and construction by tapping into Green Building techniques with the building of a new parking structure.

Green Building practices incorporate environmental sensitivities in the design and construction of new structures by recycling and reusing materials and making new structures energy efficient.

INITIAL EFFORT. In the fall of 2003, the sounds of bulldozers roared through the air as contractors working for DGS began demolishing two abandoned buildings, the former Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services building and the former Motor Fuel Lab, both located at the corner of 14th and Bank Streets in downtown Richmond.

"Before we started the project we met with the construction contractor to convey to him and his staff the importance of the recycling program," says Chinh Vu, DGS manager for Security and Special Projects. "This is the first time the seat of government has taken on a recycling effort of this size, and we wanted to make sure we had the commitment from everyone involved to make this work," Vu says.

As in most urban areas, parking is scarce for government employees and visitors to government facilities located in the central business district. Because the buildings located at the corner of 14th and Bank Streets had outlived their useful lives and there was a pressing need to replace parking spaces that were being lost, this site was viewed as being an ideal location for a new parking deck.

The project provided an opportunity to implement a radically different approach incorporating an aggressive effort to recycle all building materials for Virginia. While green building practices are not mandated by the commonwealth of Virginia, it was determined that this recycling effort would set the bar for future projects.

BY THE TON. The demolition of these two buildings yielded almost 14,000 tons (28 million pounds) of asphalt, concrete, steel and other debris. The steel, asphalt and mixed debris was transported to specialized recycling facilities.

The fate of the concrete was markedly different. A concrete crusher was set up on site to recycle 100 percent of the concrete, which amounted to 12,750 tons of the total amount of material generated. The crushed concrete was used as backfill. This considerable recycling effort, the first of its kind in the commonwealth, resulted in a savings of more than $485,000. This is a conservative savings estimate because it does not include the cost of labor. Including the labor costs to haul material away could increase the savings to more than $500,000.

Expenditures in a typical demolition and construction project using the conventional approach include transportation to the landfill, disposal charges, buying backfill materials and paying for the transportation of these backfill materials to the site. The estimated cost to do this at the Laboratory Services site was almost $590,000.

Calculating the cost of recycling the concrete on site includes expenditures for equipment, such as the concrete crusher, excavator, track loader and four equipment operators. It also included the sale of copper materials and metals that generated revenue of $60,000.

A comparison of the methods demonstrates that if the conventional method of demolition and construction were used, costs would have been upwards of $590,000, while the aggressive recycling approach used by DGS cost less than $ 100,000. Recycling these materials did not affect the overall project schedule.

"Government should lead by example," says Richard Sliwoski, director of Engineering and Buildings. "It's all part of being good stewards of the environment and tax dollars. This project clearly demonstrates that states can recycle construction materials, build a project in a timely manner, safeguard the environment and save money."

PART OF THE PLAN. Prior planning was critical in ensuring that recycling activities did not cause contractors to deviate from the project timetable. Coordinating a demolition, recycling and construction project of this magnitude and having limited experience in the construction recycling aspect presented some challenges for the DGS.

Envisioning an environmentally and economically sound strategy for a demolition and construction project was the first step in the project. Significant planning went into the development.

This project was not the typical low bid job, but rather was procured under an approach known as Construction Manager at Risk. Companies bidding on the project were required to include recycling processes into their proposals and develop a timetable for sorting, recycling and project completion. Other options reducing the demolition time were explored, including implosion. (It wasn't deemed feasible in light of the height of the buildings and the potential for collateral damage.) Demolishing the buildings in a staged and calculated manner also allowed for the simultaneous sorting of recyclable materials.

The on-site crushing and recycling process was completed in April of 2004. The gradation of recycled material met the backfill specification. The basement areas were filled to create a stable platform that allowed the demolition equipment to reach the upper levels of the building.

During the four-month demolition period, the debris was removed from the basement area and all materials were sorted into appropriate piles and recycled. "If we can find ways to save the environment by reducing the landfill waste and reuse materials to save project costs, that's a winner. That's what happened on our project. Green Building projects shouldn't be overlooked," Vu says.

Now well underway, the new $19 million parking structure is an example of a new approach to traditional construction methods. The parking deck will be strategically located; rid the commonwealth of two unsightly, outdated buildings; and, when it opens in September 2005, will provide 1,500 much needed parking spaces.

"Everyone always asks us what lessons we learned," Sliwoski says. "We knew this was possible and we proved it can be done in a timely, cost-effective manner if it's built into the project plan. Instead of waiting for laws to catch up and require recycling of construction materials, the state is leading by example. Yes, Virginia, you can save money through recycling."

PUBLIC AGENCY MUSCLES INTO C&D MARKET

The Southeastern Public Service Authority (SPSA), a public agency that handles most waste disposal and recycling in Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Franklin, Isle of Wight County and Southampton County, has announced that it will accept construction and demolition debris in its landfill, reports the Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.)

According to the paper, this decision comes nearly a month after private industrial landfill owner John C. Holland Jr. disclosed that the agency had been accepting C&D material for close to a year under several private contracts never publicly approved.

The contracts with four local waste companies included a disposal fee of $6.50 per cubic yard of C&D material, says the Virginian-Pilot. The SPSA board of directors has voted to extend that fee to anyone wanting to dispose of industrial C&D debris.

Holland tells the paper that the fee is below market prices and will undercut competition from private companies, but SPSA officials say the price is on par with what the other private construction debris landfills charge, according to the Virginian-Pilot.

Holland has threatened to take SPSA to court in order to fight the agency's decision, the paper reports.

John Hadfield, SPSA's executive director, tells the Virginian-Pilot that it was a mistake not to seek public approval before signing the first four contracts and adds that the board's decision "sets a fair rate that everyone can use."

He says SPSA's move into the C&D market is a temporary one, designed to use open space at the regional landfill, according to the paper.

The author is director of communications with Virginia's Department of General Services. She can be contacted via e-mail at [e-mail].