Staff studies.The staff members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System The managing body of the Federal Reserve System, which sets policies on bank practices and the money supply. and of the Federal Reserve Banks undertake studies that cover a wide range of economic and financial subjects. From time to time, the studies that are of general interest are published in the Staff Studies series and summarized in the Federal Reserve Bulletin. The analyses and conclusions set forth are those of the authors and do not necessarily indicate concurrence CONCURRENCE, French law. The equality of rights, or privilege which several persons-have over the same thing; as, for example, the right which two judgment creditors, Whose judgments were rendered at the same time, have to be paid out of the proceeds of real estate bound by them. Dict. de Jur. h.t. by the Board of Governors, by the Federal Reserve Banks, or by members of their staffs. Single copies of the full text of each study are available without charge. The titles available are shown under "Staff Studies" in the list of Federal Reserve Board publications at the back of each Bulletin. STUDY SUMMARY THE FUTURE OF RETAIL ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS SYSTEMS: INDUSTRY INTERVIEWS AND ANALYSIS Federal Reserve staff, for the Payments System Development Committee Federal Reserve System Electronic payments have become a prominent feature of the U.S. economic landscape, as consumers, businesses, and governments have increasingly used electronic instruments to make retail payments. Survey research by the Federal Reserve published in 2002, for example, indicates that the use of debit A monetary amount that is subtracted from an account balance. A debit from one account is a credit to another. See credit. and credit cards and automatic deposit and withdrawal (via the automated au·to·mate v. au·to·mat·ed, au·to·mat·ing, au·to·mates v.tr. 1. To convert to automatic operation: automate a factory. 2. clearinghouse clearinghouse Institution established by firms engaged in similar activities to enable them to offset transactions with one another in order to limit payment settlements to net balances. ) grew fivefold fivefold Adjective 1. having five times as many or as much 2. composed of five parts Adverb by five times as many or as much Adj. 1. from 1979 to 2000 and that the use of paper checks for payments probably peaked in the mid-1990s. Over the past decade especially, developers have experimented with new ways of making electronic payments. As with many innovations, only a small number of these new methods of payment have enjoyed commercial success. Nevertheless, developers' inclination inclination, in astronomy, the angle of intersection between two planes, one of which is an orbital plane. The inclination of the plane of the moon's orbit is 5°9' with respect to the plane of the ecliptic (the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun). to expand the range of options and techniques for making electronic payments has been consistent with the long-term direction of payments activity in the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. . The Federal Reserve's Payments System Development Committee is concerned about regulatory and operational barriers to innovation that may inhibit inhibit /in·hib·it/ (in-hib´it) to retard, arrest, or restrain. in·hib·it v. 1. To hold back; restrain. 2. the long-term development of the payments system. Accordingly, the committee asked Federal Reserve staff to seek the views of the private sector and other interested parties on developments in payments, clearing, and settlement services, focusing on potential barriers to further innovation and the implications of new technologies for the design and function of payments systems. The staff study "The Future of Retail Electronic Payments Systems: Industry Interviews and Analysis" presents highlights of interviews with representatives of forty-nine organizations and discusses areas in which, in the committee's opinion, the Federal Reserve and other organizations may be able to foster, or help reduce barriers to, innovation in the payments system. The study also provides a more detailed account of the discussions with industry representatives and the recommendations they made. The study presents nine key issues--including settlement timing and standards--and accompanying recommendations. No single issue was consistently identified, no single recommendation was made by a significant number of interviewees, and, with a few exceptions, no fundamental problems with or barriers to innovation in existing clearing and settlement arrangements were noted. These results should not, however, be interpreted as satisfaction with the status quo [Latin, The existing state of things at any given date.] Status quo ante bellum means the state of things before the war. The status quo to be preserved by a preliminary injunction is the last actual, peaceable, uncontested status which preceded the pending controversy. . Rather, they point to the complexity and difficulty of innovation. The results also highlight the need to identify and address barriers to innovation, where appropriate, and to monitor closely clearing and settlement arrangements to ensure that they evolve in ways that support safe and efficient payments today and in the future. |
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