Special operations forces pursue technologies for the urban fight.

The U.S. Special Operations Command is charging ahead with the development of advanced sensors, ammunition and weapons tailored for urban combat.

Confined spaces, hardened targets and night vision limitations are among the more critical factors driving this effort, said Army Col. Thomas Spellissy, formerly in charge of special programs at the command.

The command is evaluating existing technologies from domestic and foreign producers, and commissioning separate developments for more specific requirements. Regardless of the sources, all these technologies first have to pass muster with war fighters, said Spellissy.

The paramount area is fusion technology as it relates to night vision goggles and weapon sights. The so-called sensor-fusion technology combines image intensification, found in conventional night vision goggles, with thermal sensors, or forward-looking infrared, into a single image.

SOCOM intends to field fusion goggles next year, Spellissy said at a recent National Defense Industrial Association international armaments symposium.

"We are working on it, and we will have it by the end of fiscal year 2005," he said.

SOCOM has a new sniper scope under development, which shooters no longer need to reset, or "re-zero," at night. "This is the best piece of kit out in the field," he said about the improved night/day fire control and observation device that is produced by ITT Industries.

SOCOM wants fusion technology to be added during the scope's second and third development blocks, said Spellissy. The AN/PAS 13 thermal weapon sight, developed by Raytheon, also will have this advanced capability, according to his presentation.

Meanwhile, the command also plans to assemble a fusion equipment package to share with the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

In addition, sensor fusion is making its way into one of SOCOM's most pressing projects--the development of a target designator to avoid fratricide. Called the precision target locator designator, it is meant for ground operators to acquire data for targeting global-positioning system satellite-guided and laser-guided munitions. The device must be able to transfer information directly to overhead platforms.

"We have classified [specifications], but we want a target range finder, laser designator with the latest optics to include fusion and to go out to a specified range and be able to geo-locate," said Spellissy. "No man [made] mistake should go through."

Spellissy said that the command commissioned two companies to hunt far a solution. "They are going after this in two different ways, so I think risk is managed," he said. "Anyone who thinks that they can build this box, they need to contact SOCOM immediately to get into this area."

When it comes to individual firepower, SOCOM is leading the world in shoulder-fired weapons and munitions by about six years, according to Spellissy. Despite this advantage, SOCOM is seeking to improve its soldier-carried demolition weapons. The goal, therefore, is to develop a multi-target warhead that can take out light armor, a bunker or a triple brick wall (equivalent to 12 inches of concrete), said Spellissy.

This warhead would complement the array of ammunition SOCOM recently has acquired for its recoilless, multi-role, 84 mm Carl Gustaf weapon for direct fire.

The two men who operate the Carl Gustaf--the gunner and loader now have a selection of high explosive, anti-tank, high explosive dual purpose, and smoke and illumination ammunition, according to Spellissy. The command will soon add thermobaric munitions for this shoulder-fired weapon, which is produced by Saab Bofors of Sweden.

Despite this enhanced firepower, close-combat scenarios in urban environments prompted the urgent need for a weapon that could be fired from tight spaces. Consequently, SOCOM has purchased the confined space version of its battle-tested M136 AT4 lightweight, self-contained, anti-armor weapon.

Saab Bofors Dynamics developed the AT4 confined-space (CS) weapon to provide soldiers with a capability to fire from enclosures typically found in urban combat. The AT4CS is preloaded with a high-penetration warhead that can defeat most targets, said a company official.

The command also is hastening to add this close-quarters capability to the improved M72 66mm light anti-tank weapon (LAW) that was developed in the 1960s by Talley Industries and under license in Norway.

"We have to have the LAW CS, so that is where we are going," said Spellissy. The LAW CS is a recoilless anti-armor and broaching weapon designed to operate in urban areas without harming the operator. The LAW CS is meant to correct the problems of the current LAW.

The LAW had recurring safety problems, but the Navy's Sea, Air and Land teams insisted on keeping this weapon for self-protection, he said. SOCOM received a waiver to keep the LAW and has been working to reduce its dud rate, Spellissy said.

Army Rangers and the service's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment also will receive the LAW CS, noted Spellissy.

For small arms, the command has fielded a series of machine guns tailored especially for Army Special Forces and SEALs. One of them is the MK46 a 5.56 mm gun that is four-and-a-half pounds lighter than the current M249 squad automatic weapon, said Spellissy.

"I gave a couple of those to Rangers," he recalled. "They took them to Afghanistan and would not give them back, so we gut the requirement through and we will equip the Rangers with this weapon. They will turn in their SAWs."

The other lightweight machine gun the Rangers cover is the 7.62 mm MK 48, which was initially built for the SEALs, said Spellissy. It will be used in conjunction with the medium, mounted M240 machine gun, he said.

"We are keeping the 240s on the vehicles, so when the Rangers are going to carry the 7.62 mm, that increases the firepower of the Rangers [when they dismount]," he said.

Meanwhile, the command is fielding an intermediate solution for its crew-served weapons. The MK47 is replacing the MK19, he said. "Right now, as guns come off the production line, they are going straight to the AOR [area of responsibility], to the 3rd Group," he said.

The MK47 is one pound lighter than the MK19, has fire control and can lase targets, said Spellissy, who indicated a 90 percent hit rate on the first round.

SOCOM has a heated competition going on for its for combat assault rifle (SCAR). The command has some 15 companies in the selection pool, said Spellissy. In October, it is supposed to award four contracts, he said.

The development of the SCAR does not come without its share of controversy. Initially, SOCOM supported the development of the XM8 together with the Army, but decided to purchase its own rifle.

Spellissy, however, assured the symposium that SOCOM is giving "110 percent support" to the Army's XM8 program, which seeks a replacement for the M-16 rifle. The command's reason for going ahead with the SCAR program is that it would fulfill specific requirements for special operations, he explained.

Down the line, SOCOM is looking to award a contract for a new pistol, said Spellissy. That, however, is not going to happen before 2008, he added.