Section VII: appendices.Appendix appendix, small, worm-shaped blind tube, about 3 in. (7.6 cm) long and 1-4 in. to 1 in. (.64–2.54 cm) thick, projecting from the cecum (part of the large intestine) on the right side of the lower abdominal cavity. I--MethodologyUniform Crime Reporting (UCR (Under Color Removal) A method for reducing the amount of printing ink used. It substitutes black for gray color (equal amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow). Thus black ink is used instead of the three CMY inks. See GCR and dot gain. ) Program contributors forward crime data to the FBI either directly from local law enforcement agencies A law enforcement agency (LEA) is a term used to describe any agency which enforces the law. This may be a local or state police, federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). or through state UCR Programs in 46 states and the District of Columbia District of Columbia, federal district (2000 pop. 572,059, a 5.7% decrease in population since the 1990 census), 69 sq mi (179 sq km), on the east bank of the Potomac River, coextensive with the city of Washington, D.C. (the capital of the United States). . The FBI provides continuing guidance and support to individual contributing agencies in those states that do not have a state Program. State UCR Programs are very effective liaisons between local contributors and the FBI. Many of the Programs have mandatory reporting mandatory reporting The obligatory reporting of a particular condition to local or state health authorities, as required for communicable disease and substance abuse Infectious disease State boards of health maintain records and collect data resulting from MR of requirements and collect data beyond the national UCR scope to address crime problems germane ger·mane adj. Being both pertinent and fitting. See Synonyms at relevant. [Middle English germain, having the same parents, closely connected; see german2. to their particular locales. In most cases, these state agencies are also able to provide more direct and frequent service to participating law enforcement agencies, to make information more readily available for use at the state level, and to contribute to more streamlined operations at the national level. With the implementation of state crime reporting Programs, the national UCR Program ceased direct collection of data from individual law enforcement agencies within those states. Currently, the state data collection agency forwards information it receives from local agencies to the national Program. The criteria criteria (krītēr´ē  ),n. established for state Programs ensure consistency Consistency can refer to:
fit, meet coordinate - be co-ordinated; "These activities coordinate well" national UCR Program standards, definitions, and information requirements The information needed to support a business or other activity. Systems analysts turn information requirements (the what and when) into functional specifications (the how) of an information system. . The states are not, of course, prohibited pro·hib·it tr.v. pro·hib·it·ed, pro·hib·it·ing, pro·hib·its 1. To forbid by authority: Smoking is prohibited in most theaters. See Synonyms at forbid. 2. from collecting other statistical data beyond the national requirements. (2) The state criminal justice agency must have a proven, effective, statewide Program and demonstrate acceptable quality control procedures. (3) Coverage within the state by a state agency must be, at least, equal to that attained at·tain v. at·tained, at·tain·ing, at·tains v.tr. 1. To gain as an objective; achieve: attain a diploma by hard work. 2. by the national UCR Program. (4) The state agency must have adequate field staff assigned as·sign tr.v. as·signed, as·sign·ing, as·signs 1. To set apart for a particular purpose; designate: assigned a day for the inspection. 2. to conduct audits and to assist contributing agencies in recordkeeping practices and crime-reporting procedures. (5) The state agency must furnish fur·nish tr.v. fur·nished, fur·nish·ing, fur·nish·es 1. To equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for. 2. the FBI with all of the detailed data regularly collected by the FBI in the form of duplicate DUPLICATE. The double of anything. 2. It is usually applied to agreements, letters, receipts, and the like, when two originals are made of either of them. Each copy has the same effect. returns, computer printouts, and/or and/or conj. Used to indicate that either or both of the items connected by it are involved. Usage Note: And/or is widely used in legal and business writing. magnetic tapes. (6) The state agency must have the proven capability (tested over a period of time) to supply all the statistical data required in time to meet deadlines established for publication of the national Uniform Crime Reports. To fulfill ful·fill also ful·fil tr.v. ful·filled, ful·fill·ing, ful·fills also ful·fils 1. To bring into actuality; effect: fulfilled their promises. 2. its responsibilities in connection with the UCR Program, the FBI continues to edit To make a change to existing data. See update. (application) edit - Use of some kind of editor program to modify a document. Also used to refer to the modification itself, e.g. "my last edit only made things worse". and review individual agency reports for both completeness and quality. National UCR Program staff have direct contact with individual contributors within the state as necessary in connection with crime reporting matters, coordinating co·or·di·nate n. 1. One that is equal in importance, rank, or degree. 2. coordinates A set of articles, as of clothing or luggage, designed to match or complement one other, as in style or color. 3. such contact with the state agency. On request, staff members conduct training programs within the state on law enforcement recordkeeping and crime reporting procedures. Should circumstances CIRCUMSTANCES, evidence. The particulars which accompany a fact. 2. The facts proved are either possible or impossible, ordinary and probable, or extraordinary and improbable, recent or ancient; they may have happened near us, or afar off; they are public or develop whereby the state agency does not comply with the aforementioned a·fore·men·tioned adj. Mentioned previously. n. The one or ones mentioned previously. aforementioned Adjective mentioned before Adj. 1. requirements, the national Program may reinstitute a direct collection of Uniform Crime Reports from law enforcement agencies within the state. Reporting Procedures Based on records of all reports of crime received from victims, officers who discover infractions, or other sources, law enforcement agencies across the country tabulate (1) To arrange data into a columnar format. (2) To sum and print totals. the number of Crime Index (Part I) offenses brought to their attention each month. Specifically, the Index crimes reported to the FBI are murder and nonnegligent manslaughter manslaughter, homicide committed without justification or excuse but distinguished from murder by the absence of the element of malice aforethought. Modern criminal statutes usually divide it into degrees, the most common distinction being between voluntary and , forcible forc·i·ble adj. 1. Effected against resistance through the use of force: The police used forcible restraint in order to subdue the assailant. 2. Characterized by force; powerful. rape, robbery robbery, in law, felonious taking of property from a person against his will by threatening or committing force or violence. The injury or threat may be directed against the person robbed, his property, or the person or property of his relative or of anyone in his , aggravated assault A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he or she attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another or causes such injury purposely, knowingly, or recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life; or attempts to cause or purposely or , burglary burglary, at common law, the breaking and entering of a dwelling house of another at night with the intent to commit a felony, whether the intent is carried out or not. , larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft Motor vehicle theft or grand theft auto is a criminal act of theft generally understood to refer to the stealing of automobiles, buses, motorcycles, snowmobiles, trucks, trailers or any other motorized vehicle legally allowed on public roads and highways, including attempted , and arson arson, at common law, the malicious and willful burning of the house of another. Originally, it was an offense against the security of habitation rather than against property rights. . Whenever complaints of crime are determined through investigation to be unfounded or false, they are eliminated from an agency's count. Agencies report to the FBI the number of actual offenses known regardless of whether anyone is arrested for the crime, stolen property is recovered, or prosecution prosecution n. 1) in criminal law, the government attorney charging and trying the case against a person accused of a crime. 2) a common term for the government's side in a criminal case, as in "the prosecution will present five witnesses" or "the prosecution rests" is undertaken. Another integral part of the monthly submission Submission Elliott, Anne reluctantly gives up her fiancé on her family’s advice. [Br. Lit.: Jane Austen Persuasion in Magill I, 734] is the total number of actual Crime Index offenses cleared. Crimes are cleared in one of two ways: (1) by arrest of at least one person, who is charged and turned over to the court for prosecution, or (2) by exceptional means when some element beyond law enforcement control precludes the arrest of a known offender offender n. an accused defendant in a criminal case or one convicted of a crime. (See: defendant, accused) . Law enforcement agencies also report the number of Index crime clearances that involve only offenders under the age of 18, the value of property stolen and recovered in connection with the offenses, and detailed information pertaining per·tain intr.v. per·tained, per·tain·ing, per·tains 1. To have reference; relate: evidence that pertains to the accident. 2. to criminal homicide homicide (hŏm`əsīd), in law, the taking of human life. Homicides that are neither justifiable nor excusable are considered crimes. A criminal homicide committed with malice is known as murder, otherwise it is called manslaughter. and arson. In addition to its primary collection of Crime Index (Part I) offenses, the UCR Program solicits monthly data on persons arrested for all crimes except traffic violations. The age, sex, and race of arrestees are reported by crime category, both Part I and Part II. Part II offenses include all crimes not classified as Part I. Monthly data are also collected on law enforcement officers killed or assaulted. The number of full-time full-time adj. Employed for or involving a standard number of hours of working time: a full-time administrative assistant. full sworn and civilian CIVILIAN. A doctor, professor, or student of the civil law. personnel are reported as of October October: see month. 31 of each year. At the end of each quarter, summary information is collected on hate crimes, i.e., specific offenses that were motivated mo·ti·vate tr.v. mo·ti·vat·ed, mo·ti·vat·ing, mo·ti·vates To provide with an incentive; move to action; impel. mo by an offender's bias against the race, religion, ethnic origin, sexual orientation sexual orientation n. The direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes, especially a direction seen to be dictated by physiologic rather than sociologic forces. , or physical or mental disability of the victim. Hate crime data from those agencies participating in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System (US DoD) ) are submitted monthly. Editing Procedures Each report submitted to the UCR Program is thoroughly examined for arithmetical accuracy and for deviations which may indicate errors. To identify any unusual fluctuations in an agency's crime count, UCR staff compare monthly reports with previous submissions of the agency and with those for similar agencies. Large variations in crime levels may indicate modified mod·i·fy v. mod·i·fied, mod·i·fy·ing, mod·i·fies v.tr. 1. To change in form or character; alter. 2. records procedures, incomplete reporting, or changes in the jurisdiction's geopolitical ge·o·pol·i·tics n. (used with a sing. verb) 1. The study of the relationship among politics and geography, demography, and economics, especially with respect to the foreign policy of a nation. 2. a. structure. Data reliability is a high priority of the Program, and noted deviations or arithmetical adjustments are brought to the attention of the state UCR Program or the submitting agency. A standard procedure of the FBI is to study the monthly reports and to evaluate periodic trends prepared for individual reporting units. Any significant increase or decrease becomes the subject of a special inquiry. Changes in crime reporting procedures or annexations can influence the level of reported crime. When this occurs, the figures for specific crime categories or totals, if necessary, are excluded from trend tabulations. To assist contributors in complying with UCR standards, the national Program provides training seminars and instructional materials on crime reporting procedures. Throughout the country, the national UCR Program maintains liaison Liaison may refer to:
tr.v. com·piled, com·pil·ing, com·piles 1. To gather into a single book. 2. To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources: its crime statistics and its remedial REMEDIAL. That which affords a remedy; as, a remedial statute, or one which is made to supply some defects or abridge some superfluities of the common law. 1 131. Com. 86. The term remedial statute is also applied to those acts which give a new remedy. Esp. Pen. Act. 1. efforts are unsuccessful, personnel from the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services Division The Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) is a division of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). A computerized criminal justice information system that is a counterpart of FBI’s National Crime Information Center (NCIC) in may visit the contributor to aid in resolving the difficulties. The Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook
This article is about reference works. For the subnotebook computer, see .
To enhance communication among Program participants, letters to UCR contributors and UCR State Program Bulletins are produced as needed as needed prn. See prn order. . These provide policy updates and new information, as well as clarification Clarification The removal of small amounts of fine, particulate solids from liquids. The purpose is almost invariably to improve the quality of the liquid, and the removed solids often are discarded. of reporting issues. The final responsibility for data submissions rests with the individual contributing law enforcement agency Noun 1. law enforcement agency - an agency responsible for insuring obedience to the laws FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigation - a federal law enforcement agency that is the principal investigative arm of the Department of Justice . Although the Program makes every effort through its editing procedures, training practices, and correspondence to assure the validity of the data it receives, the accuracy of the statistics depends primarily on the adherence adherence /ad·her·ence/ (ad-her´ens) the act or condition of sticking to something. immune adherence of each contributor to the established standards of reporting. Deviations from these established standards, which cannot be resolved by the national UCR Program, may be brought to the attention of the Criminal Justice Information Systems Committees of the International Association of Chiefs of Police
The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) was founded in Chicago in 1893 as the National Chiefs of Police Union. and the National Sheriffs' Association The National Sheriffs' Association (NSA) is a U.S. non-profit trade association dedicated to raising the level of professionalism among U.S.sheriffs, their deputies and others in the fields of criminal justice and public safety. . Arrest Data Florida Florida, state, United States Florida (flôr`ĭdə, flŏr`–), state in the extreme SE United States. A long, low peninsula between the Atlantic Ocean (E) and the Gulf of Mexico (W), Florida is bordered by Georgia and state arrest data are not included in Tables 30-68. Limited arrest data were received from Illinois Illinois, river, United States Illinois, river, 273 mi (439 km) long, formed by the confluence of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers, NE Ill., and flowing SW to the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill. It is an important commercial and recreational waterway. , Kansas Kansas, state, United States Kansas (kăn`zəs), midwestern state occupying the center of the coterminous United States. It is bordered by Missouri (E), Oklahoma (S), Colorado (W), and Nebraska (N). , Kentucky Kentucky, state, United States Kentucky (kəntŭk`ē, kĭn–), one of the so-called border states of the S central United States. It is bordered by West Virginia and Virginia (E); Tennessee (S); the Mississippi R. , Montana Montana (mŏntăn`ə), Rocky Mt. state in the NW United States. It is bounded by North Dakota and South Dakota (E), Wyoming (S), Idaho (W), and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan (N). , South Carolina South Carolina, state of the SE United States. It is bordered by North Carolina (N), the Atlantic Ocean (SE), and Georgia (SW). Facts and Figures Area, 31,055 sq mi (80,432 sq km). Pop. (2000) 4,012,012, a 15. , South Dakota South Dakota (dəkō`tə), state in the N central United States. It is bordered by North Dakota (N), Minnesota and Iowa (E), Nebraska (S), and Wyoming and Montana (W). , and Wisconsin Wisconsin, state, United States Wisconsin (wĭskŏn`sən, –sĭn), upper midwestern state of the United States. It is bounded by Lake Superior and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, from which it is divided by the Menominee . No 2001 arrest data were received from the District of Columbia. Complete 12-month arrest figures for New York City New York City: see New York, city. New York City City (pop., 2000: 8,008,278), southeastern New York, at the mouth of the Hudson River. The largest city in the U.S. were not available for inclusion in this book. Arrest totals for these areas, however, were estimated for inclusion in Table 29, "Estimated Arrests, United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. , 2001." Population Prior to preparation of 2001 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program population estimates, 2000 Bureau of the Census Noun 1. Bureau of the Census - the bureau of the Commerce Department responsible for taking the census; provides demographic information and analyses about the population of the United States Census Bureau (BOC (Bell Operating Company) One of 22 companies that was formerly part of AT&T and later organized into seven regional companies. See RBOC. ) decennial de·cen·ni·al adj. 1. Relating to or lasting for ten years. 2. Occurring every ten years. n. A tenth anniversary. data were incorporated into the UCR master file and adjustments for over or under estimation estimation In mathematics, use of a function or formula to derive a solution or make a prediction. Unlike approximation, it has precise connotations. In statistics, for example, it connotes the careful selection and testing of a function called an estimator. of 2000 UCR population estimates were performed. In this edition, the state and national population figures are BOC 2001 state and national provisional Temporary; not permanent. Tentative, contingent, preliminary. A provisional civil service appointment is a temporary position that fills a vacancy until a test can be properly administered and statutory requirements can be fulfilled to make a permanent appointment. estimates. Population figures for individual jurisdictions were updated by applying 2001 state growth rates Growth Rates The compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or other figures. Notes: Remember, historically high growth rates don't always mean a high rate of growth looking into the future. to 2000 BOC city/county decennial data to obtain 2001 city/county population estimates. The state growth rates were calculated using 2000 resident population counts and 2001 BOC state provisional estimates. The estimate of the U.S. population showed a 1.2-percent increase from 2000 to 2001. NIBRS Conversion Several states provide their UCR data in the expanded NIBRS format. For presentation in this book, NIBRS data were converted to the historical summary UCR formats. The NIBRS database was constructed to allow for such conversion so that UCR's long-running time series could continue. Crime Trends By showing fluctuations from year to year, trend statistics offer the data user an added perspective from which to study crime. Percent change tabulations in this publication are computed only for reporting units which have provided comparable data for the periods under consideration. Exclusions exclusions, n.pl the dental services not covered under a dental benefits program. from trend computations are made when figures from a reporting agency are not received for comparable timeframes or when it is ascertained as·cer·tain tr.v. as·cer·tained, as·cer·tain·ing, as·cer·tains 1. To discover with certainty, as through examination or experimentation. See Synonyms at discover. 2. that unusual fluctuations are due to such variables as improved records procedures, annexations, etc. Care should be exercised in making any direct comparison between data in this publication and those in prior issues of Crime in the United States Crime in the United States is characterized by relatively high levels of gun violence and homicide, compared to other developed countries although this is explained by the fact that criminals in America are more likely to use firearms. . For example, upon receiving 1995 aggravated assault figures for the state of Kentucky, it was determined the 1994 aggravated assault figures previously submitted were not valid; therefore, the Kentucky aggravated assault figures were not included in Tables 12 through 15 of the 1995 edition. The 1994 estimates in certain offense categories were updated for Delaware Delaware, state, United States Delaware (dĕl`əwâr, –wər), one of the Middle Atlantic states of the United States, the country's second smallest state (after Rhode Island). , Kansas, and Kentucky. In addition, Montana figures for 1995 were updated to show the actual offense data which were received after publication of Crime in the United States, 1995. These updates appear in the national trends. Offense Estimation Tables 1 through 5 and 7 of this publication contain statistics for the entire United States. Because not all law enforcement agencies provide data for complete reporting periods, estimated crime counts are included in these presentations. Offense estimation occurs within each of three areas: Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), cities outside MSAs, and rural counties. Using the known crime experiences of similar areas within a state, the estimates are computed by assigning as·sign tr.v. as·signed, as·sign·ing, as·signs 1. To set apart for a particular purpose; designate: assigned a day for the inspection. 2. the same proportional proportional values expressed as a proportion of the total number of values in a series. proportional dwarf the patient is a miniature without disproportionate reductions or enlargements of body parts. crime volumes to nonreporting agencies. The size of agency; type of jurisdiction, e.g., police department versus sheriff's office; and geographic geographic /geo·graph·ic/ (je?o-graf´ik) in pathology, of or referring to a pattern that is well demarcated, resembling outlines on a map. geographic pertaining to geography. location are considered in the estimation process. Due to the efforts to convert to NIBRS in recent years, it has become necessary to estimate totals for some states. The inability of some state UCR Programs to provide forcible rape figures in accordance Accordance is Bible Study Software for Macintosh developed by OakTree Software, Inc.[] As well as a standalone program, it is the base software packaged by Zondervan in their Bible Study suites for Macintosh. with UCR guidelines guidelines, n.pl a set of standards, criteria, or specifications to be used or followed in the performance of certain tasks. and other problems at the state level have also required unique estimation procedures. A summary of state-specific and offense-specific estimation procedures follows.
Year State(s) Reason for Estimation
1985 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1986 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1987 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1988 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
Florida, Kentucky Reporting problems at the state
level resulted in no usable data.
1989 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1990 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1991 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
Iowa NIBRS conversion efforts resulted
in estimation for Iowa.
1992 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1993 Michigan, Minnesota The state UCR Programs were unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
Kansas NIBRS conversion efforts resulted
in estimation for Kansas.
Illinois NIBRS conversion efforts resulted
in estimation for Illinois.
The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
1994 Illinois NIBRS conversion efforts resulted
in estimation for Illinois.
The state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
Kansas NIBRS conversion efforts resulted
in estimation for Kansas.
Montana The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1994 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
1995 Kansas The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1995 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1995 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Montana The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1995 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
1996 Florida The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1996 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1996 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kansas The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1996 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kentucky, Montana The state UCR Programs were unable
to provide complete 1996 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
1997 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1997 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kansas The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1997 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kentucky, Montana, The state UCR Programs were unable
New Hampshire, to provide complete 1997 offense
Vermont figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
1998 Delaware Forcible rape figures supplied by
the Delaware State Bureau of
Investigation were not in
accordance with national UCR
guidelines.
Kentucky, Montana, The state UCR Programs were unable
New Hampshire, to provide complete 1998 offense
Wisconsin figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kansas The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1998 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Vermont Due to changes in reporting
procedures, the 1997 Vermont Crime
Index offense totals were not
comparable to those for 1998.
Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1998 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
1999 Illinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1999 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Maine The Maine Department of Public
Safety was unable to provide
complete 1999 offense figures in
accordance with UCR guidelines.
Kansas, Kentucky, The state UCR Programs were unable
Montana to provide complete 1999 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
New Hampshire The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 1999 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
2000 Kansas The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 2000 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Kentucky, Montana The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 2000 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
llinois The state UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 2000 offense
figures or forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
2001 Kentucky The State UCR Program was unable
to provide complete 2000 offense
figures in accordance with UCR
guidelines.
Illinois The state UCR Program submitted
complete data for only 7 agencies
within the state. Additionally,
the state UCR Program was unable
to provide forcible rape figures
in accordance with UCR guidelines.
Year State(s) Estimation Method
1985 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1986 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1987 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1988 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
Florida, Kentucky State totals were estimated by
updating previous valid annual
totals for individual
jurisdictions, subdivided by
population group. Percent changes
for each offense within each
population group of the geographic
divisions in which the states
reside were applied to the
previous valid annual totals. The
state totals were compiled from
the sums of the population group
estimates.
1989 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1990 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1991 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
Iowa State totals were estimated by
updating previous valid annual
totals for individual
jurisdictions, subdivided by
population group. Percent changes
for each offense within each
population group of the geographic
divisions in which the states
reside were applied to the
previous valid annual totals. The
state totals were compiled from
the sums of the population group
estimates.
1992 Illinois The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1993 Michigan, Minnesota The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to each state.
Kansas Kansas totals were estimated by
updating previous valid annual
totals for individual
jurisdictions, subdivided by
population group. Percent changes
for each offense within each
population group of the West North
Central Division were applied to
the previous valid annual totals.
The state totals were compiled
from the sums of the population
group estimates.
Illinois Since valid annual totals were
available for approximately 60
Illinois agencies, those counts
were maintained. The counts for
the remaining jurisdictions were
replaced with the most recent
valid annual totals or were
generated using standard
estimation procedures. The results
of all sources were then combined
to arrive at the 1993 state total
for Illinois.
The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
1994 Illinois Illinois state totals were
generated using only the valid
crime rates for the East North
Central Division. Within each
population group, the state's
offense totals were estimated
based on the rate per 100,000
inhabitants within the remainder
of the division.
The rape totals were estimated
using national rates per 100,000
inhabitants within the eight
population groups and assigning
the forcible rape volumes
proportionally to the state.
Kansas Kansas state totals were generated
using only the valid crime rates
for the West North Central
Division. Within each population
group, the state's offense totals
were estimated based on the rate
per 100,000 inhabitants within the
remainder of the division.
Montana Montana totals were estimated by
updating previous valid annual
totals for individual
jurisdictions, subdivided by
population group. Percent changes
for each offense within each
population group of the Mountain
Division were applied to the
previous valid annual totals. The
state totals were compiled from
the sums of the population group
estimates.
1995 Kansas The Kansas State UCR Program was
able to provide valid 1994 state
totals which were then updated
using 1995 crime trends for the
West North Central Division.
Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
Montana Montana state estimates were
computed by updating the previous
valid annual totals using the 1994
versus 1995 percent changes for
the Mountain States.
1996 Florida The state UCR Program was able to
provide an aggregated state total;
data received from 94 individual
Florida agencies are shown in the
1996 jurisdictional figures
presented in Tables 8 through 11.
Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
Kansas Annual figures were extrapolated
from 1996 January-June state
totals provided by the Kansas
State UCR Program.
Kentucky, Montana The 1995 and 1996 percent changes
within each geographic division
were applied to valid 1995 state
totals to generate 1996 state
totals.
1997 Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated withoutb application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
Kansas The Kansas state estimate was
extrapolated from 1996
January-June state totals provided
by the Kansas State UCR Program.
Kentucky, Montana, The 1996 and 1997 percent changes
New Hampshire, registered for each geographic
division in which the states of
Kentucky, Montana, New Hampshire,
Vermont and Vermont are categorized were
applied to valid 1996 state totals
to affect 1997 state totals.
1998 Delaware The 1998 forcible rape total for
Delaware was estimated by reducing
the number of reported offenses by
the proportion of male forcible
rape victims statewide.
Kentucky, Montana, State totals were estimated by
using the 1997 figures for the
New Hampshire, nonreporting areas and applying
1997 versus 1998 percentage
Wisconsin changes for the division in which
each state is located. The
estimates for the nonreporting
areas were then increased by any
actual 1998 crime counts received.
Kansas To arrive at 1998 estimates, 1997
state totals supplied by the
Kansas State UCR Program were
updated using 1998 crime trends
for the West North Central
Division.
Vermont The 1998 Vermont Crime Index
offense totals were excluded from
Table 4. The 1997 Vermont state
estimates were, however, retained
in the aggregate national,
regional, and divisional volume
and rate totals.
Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
1999 Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
Maine The Maine Department of Public
Safety forwarded monthly January
through October crime counts for
each law enforcement contributor;
since 12 months of data were not
received, the national Program
estimated for the missing data
following standard estimation
procedures to arrive at a 1999
state total.
Kansas, Kentucky, To arrive at 1999 estimates for
Kansas, Kentucky, and Montana,
Montana 1998 state totals supplied by each
state Uniform Crime Reporting
Program were updated using 1999
crime trends for the divisions in
which each state is located.
New Hampshire The state total for New Hampshire
was estimated by using the 1998
figures for the 1999 nonreporting
areas and applying the 2-year
percent change for the New England
Division.
2000 Kansas To arrive at 2000 estimates for
Kansas, 1999 state estimates were
updated using 2000 crime trends
for the division in which it is
located.
Kentucky, Montana To arrive at 2000 estimates for
Kentucky and Montana, 1999 state
totals supplied by each state Uniform
Crime Reporting Program were
updated using 2000 crime trends
for the divisions in which each is
located.
llinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
be counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilation,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
due to the nonapplication of the
Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by the
proportion of multiple offenses
reported within single incidents
in the available NIBRS data. Valid
totals for the large cities were
excluded from the reduction
process.
2001 Kentucky To arrive at the 2001 estimate for
Kentucky, the 2000 state estimates
were updated using 2001 crime
trends reported for the East South
Central Division in which it is
located.
Illinois Valid Crime Index counts were
available for most of the largest
cities. For other agencies, the
only available counts were
generated without application of
the UCR Hierarchy Rule. (The
Hierarchy Rule requires that only
the most serious offense in a
multiple-offense criminal incident
is counted.) To arrive at a
comparable state estimate to be
included in national compilations,
the total supplied by the Illinois
State Program (which was inflated
because of the nonapplication of
the Hierarchy Rule) was reduced by
the proportion of multiple
offenses reported within single
incidents in the available NIBRS
data. Valid totals for the large
cities were excluded from the
reduction process.
Table Methodology Although most law enforcement agencies submit crime reports to the UCR Program, data are sometimes not received for complete annual periods. To be included in this publication's Tables 8 through 11, which show specific jurisdictional statistics, figures for all 12 months of the current year must have been received at the FBI prior to established publication deadlines. Other tabular tab·u·lar adj. 1. Having a plane surface; flat. 2. Organized as a table or list. 3. Calculated by means of a table. tabular resembling a table. presentations are aggregated on varied levels of submission. With the exception of the tables which consist of estimates for the total United States population, each table in this publication shows the number of agencies reporting and the extent of population coverage. Designed to assist the reader, this table explains the construction of many of this book's tabular presentations.
(1) (2)
Table Database
1 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense reports for each year.
2 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense reports.
3 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program (including those submitting less than
12 months in 2001).
4 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense reports for 2000 and 2001.
5 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense reports.
6 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense statistics for 2001.
7 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program. Crime statistics include estimated
offense totals for agencies submitting less than
12 months of offense reports for each year.
8 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
9 All university/college law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2001.
10 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
11 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
12-15 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for at least 6 common months
in 2000 and 2001.
16-19 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
20 All law enforcement agencies submitting
Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data in
2001.
21, 22 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
23, 24 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for at least 6 months in 2001.
25-28 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for at least 6 months in 2001.
29 All law enforcement agencies in the UCR
Program (including those submitting less than
12 months in 2001).
30, 31 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
32, 33 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 1992 and
2001.
34, 35 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 1997 and
2001.
36, 37 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2000 and
2001.
38-43 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
44, 45 All city law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2000 and
2001.
46-49 All city law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2000 and
2001.
50, 51 All suburban county law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2000 and 2001.
52-55 All suburban county law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2001.
56, 57 All rural county law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2000 and 2001.
58-61 All rural county law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2001.
62, 63 All suburban area law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2000 and 2001.
64-67 All suburban area law enforcement agencies
submitting complete reports for 12 months in
2001.
68 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
69 All law enforcement agencies submitting
complete reports for 12 months in 2001.
(1) (3)
Table Table Construction
1 The 2001 statistics are consistent with Table 2.
Pre-2001 crime statistics may have been updated
and, hence, may not be consistent with prior
publications. Population statistics represent July 1
provisional estimations for each year except 1990
and 2000, which are Bureau of the Census
decennial census data (see the Population section in
this appendix).
2 Statistics are aggregated from individual state
statistics as shown in Table 5. Population statistics
for 2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from Bureau of the
Census 2000 decennial census counts and 2001
provisional estimates (see the Population section in
this appendix).
3 Regional offense distributions are computed from
volume figures as shown in Table 4. Population
distributions are based on Bureau of the Census
provisional estimates for 2001.
4 The 2001 statistics are aggregated from individual
state statistics as shown in Table 5. Population
statistics represent Bureau of the Census decennial
counts for 2000 and provisional estimates for 2001.
5 Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix). Statistics
under the heading Area Actually Reporting
represent reported offense totals for agencies
submitting 12 months of offense reports and
estimated totals for agencies submitting less than
12 but more than 2 months of offense reports. The
statistics under the heading Estimated Totals
represent the above plus estimated offense totals for
agencies having less than 3 months of offense
reports.
6 Statistics are published for all Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (MSAs) having at least 75%
reporting and for which the central city/cities
submitted 12 months of data in 2001. Population
statistics for 2001 represent estimates based upon
the percent change in state population from Bureau
of the Census 2000 decennial census counts and
2001 provisional estimates (see the Population
section in this appendix). The statistics under the
heading Area Actually Reporting represent reported
offense totals for agencies submitting all 12 months
of offense reports plus estimated offense totals for
agencies submitting less than 12 but more than 2
months of offense reports. The statistics under the
heading Estimated Total represent the above plus
the estimated offense totals for agencies submitting
less than 3 months of offense reports. The tabular
breakdowns are according to UCR definitions (see
App. II).
7 Offense totals are for all Index offense categories
other than aggravated assault.
8 Cities and Towns are defined to be agencies in
Population Groups I through V (App. III).
Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix).
9 The 1999 student enrollment figures, which are
provided by the U.S. Department of Education, are
the most recent available. They include full- and
part-time students. No adjustments to equate part-time
enrollments into full-time equivalents have
been made.
10 Suburban Counties are defined as the areas covered
by noncity agencies within an MSA (App. III).
Population classifications of suburban counties are
based on 2001 UCR estimates for individual
agencies (see the Population section in this
appendix).
11 Rural Counties are those outside MSAs and whose
jurisdictions are not covered by city police agencies
(App. III). Population classifications of rural
counties are based on 2001 UCR estimates for
individual agencies (see the Population section in
this appendix).
12-15 The 2001 crime trend statistics are 2-year
comparisons based on 2001 reported crime activity.
Only common reported months for individual
agencies are included in 2001 trend calculations.
Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix). See Appendix
III for UCR population breakdowns. Note that
Suburban and Nonsuburban Cities are all municipal
agencies other than central cities in MSAs.
16-19 The 2001 crime rates are the ratios of the
aggregated 2001 crime volumes and the aggregated
2001 populations of the contributing agencies.
Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix). See Appendix
III for UCR population breakdowns. Note that
Suburban and Nonsuburban Cities are all municipal
agencies other than central cities in MSAs.
20 The weapon totals are the aggregate for each murder
victim recorded on the SHRs for calendar year 2001.
21, 22 The weapon totals are aggregated 2001 totals.
Population statistics represent 2001 UCR estimates.
23, 24 Offense total and value lost total are computed for all
Index offense categories other than aggravated
assault. Percent distribution is derived based on
offense total of each Index offense. Trend statistics
are derived based on agencies with at least 6 common
months complete data for 2000 and 2001.
25-28 The 2001 clearance rates are based on offense and
clearance volume totals of the contributing agencies
for 2001. Population statistics for 2001 represent
estimates based upon the percent change in state
population from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial
census counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix). See Appendix
III for UCR Program population breakdowns.
29 The arrest totals presented are national estimates
based on the arrest statistics of all law enforcement
agencies in the UCR Program (including those
submitting less than 12 months). The Total Estimated
Arrests statistic is the sum of estimated arrest volumes
for each of the 29 offenses. Each individual arrest
total is the sum of the estimated volumes within each
of the eight population groups (App. III). Each
group's estimate is the reported volume (as shown in
Table 31) divided by the percent of total group
population reporting (according to 2001 UCR
estimates for individual agencies, see the Population
section in this appendix).
30, 31 The 2001 arrest rates are the ratios, per 100,000
inhabitants, of the aggregated 2001 reported arrest
statistics and population. The population statistics for
2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from Bureau of the Census
2000 decennial census counts and 2001 provisional
estimates (see the Population section in this
appendix). See Appendix III for UCR population
classifications/geographical configuration.
32, 33 The arrest trends are the percentage differences
between 1992 and 2001 arrest volumes aggregated
from all common agencies. The population statistics
for 2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from Bureau of the Census
2000 decennial census counts and 2001 provisional
estimates. (See the Population section in this
appendix). Population statistics for 1992 are based
upon the percent change in state population from
Bureau of the Census 1991 and 1992 provisional
estimates.
34, 35 The arrest trends are the percentage differences
between 1997 and 2001 arrest volumes aggregated
from common agencies. The population statistics for
2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from Bureau of the
Census 2000 decennial census counts and 2001
provisional estimates. (See the Population section in
this appendix). Population statistics for 1997 are
based upon the percent change in state population
from the Bureau of the Census 1996 and 1997
provisional estimates.
36, 37 The arrest trends are 2-year comparisons between
2000 and 2001 arrest volumes aggregated from
common agencies. Population statistics represent
Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census counts.
Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial counts
and 2001 provisional estimates (see the Population
section in this appendix).
38-43 Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix).
44, 45 The 2001 city arrest trends represent the percentage
differences between 2000 and 2001 arrest volumes
aggregated from common city agencies. City
Agencies are defined to be all agencies within
Population Groups I-VI (App. III). Population
statistics for 2001 represent estimates based upon
the percent change in state population from Bureau
of the Census 2000 decennial census counts and
2001 provisional estimates. (See the Population
section in this appendix.)
46-49 City Agencies are defined to be all agencies within
Population Groups I-VI (App. III). Population
statistics for 2001 represent estimates based upon
the percent change in state population from Bureau
of Census 2000 decennial census counts and 2001
provisional estimates (see Population section in this
appendix).
50, 51 The 2001 suburban county arrest trends represent
percentage differences between 2000 and 2001
volumes aggregated from contributing agencies.
Suburban Counties are defined as the areas covered
by noncity agencies within an MSA (App. III).
Population statistics for 2000 represent Bureau of
the Census decennial census counts. Population
statistics for 2001 represent estimates based upon
the percent change in state population from Bureau
of the Census 2000 decennial census counts and
2001 provisional estimates (see the Population
section in this appendix).
52-55 Suburban Counties are defined as the areas covered
by noncity agencies within an MSA (App. III).
Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from the Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial
census counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see
the Population section in this appendix).
56, 57 The 2001 rural county arrest trends represent
percentage differences between 2000 and 2001
volumes aggregated from contributing agencies.
Rural Counties are defined as noncity agencies
outside MSAs (App. III). Population statistics for
2000 represent Bureau of the Census decennial
census counts. Population statistics for 2001
represent estimates based upon the percent change
in state population from Bureau of the Census 2000
decennial census counts and 2001 provisional
estimates (see the Population section in this
appendix).
58-61 Rural Counties are defined as noncity agencies
outside MSAs (App. III). Population statistics for
2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from the Bureau of the
Census 2000 decennial census counts and 2001
provisional estimates (see the Population section in
this appendix).
62, 63 The 2001 suburban area arrest trends represent
percentage differences between 2000 and 2001
arrest volumes aggregated from contributing
agencies. Suburban Area is defined as agencies
that are within a metropolitan area excluding those
that cover central cities as defined by the Office of
Management and Budget (App. III). Population
statistics for 2000 represent Bureau of the Census
decennial census counts. Population statistics for
2001 represent estimates based upon the percent
change in state population from Bureau of the
Census 2000 decennial census counts and 2001
provisional estimates (see the Population section in
this appendix).
64-67 Suburban Area is defined as agencies that are
within a metropolitan area excluding those that
cover central cities as defined by the Office of
Management and Budget (App. III). Population
statistics for 2001 represent estimates based upon
the percent change in state population from Bureau
of the Census 2000 decennial census counts and
2001 provisional estimates (see the Population
section in this appendix).
68 Population statistics for 2001 represent estimates
based upon the percent change in state population
from Bureau of the Census 2000 decennial census
counts and 2001 provisional estimates (see the
Population section in this appendix).
69 Arrest totals are aggregated for individual agencies
within each state. Population statistics represent
Bureau of the Census provisional estimates for
2001 (see Population section in this appendix).
(1) (4)
Table General Comments
1 Represents an estimation of national reported crime
activity from 1982 to 2001.
2 Represents an estimation of national reported crime
activity in 2001.
3 Represents the 2001 geographical distribution of
estimated Crime Index offenses and population.
4 Represents an estimation of reported crime activity
for Index offenses at the:
1. national level
2. regional level
3. division level
4. state level
Any comparison of UCR statistics should take into
consideration demographic factors.
5 Represents an estimation of reported crime activity
for Index offenses at the state level. Any comparison
of UCR statistics should take into consideration
demographic factors.
6 Represents an estimation of the reported crime
activity for Index offenses at individual MSA level.
Any comparison of UCR statistics should take into
consideration demographic factors.
7 Represents an estimation of national reported crime
activity from 1997 to 2001. Aggravated assault is
excluded from Table 7, because if money or
property is taken in connection with an assault, the
offense is robbery.
8 Represents reported crime activity of individual
agencies in cities and towns 10,000 and over in
population. Any comparison of UCR statistics
should take into consideration demographic factors.
9 Represents reported crime from those individual
university/college law enforcement agencies
contributing to the UCR Program. These agencies
are listed alphabetically by state. Any comparison
of these UCR statistics should take into
consideration size of enrollment, number of on-campus
residents, and other demographic factors.
10 Represents crime reported to individual law
enforcement agencies in suburban counties, i.e., the
individual sheriff's office, county police department,
highway patrol, and/or state police. These figures
do not represent the county totals since they exclude
city crime counts. Any comparison of UCR
statistics should take into consideration demographic
factors.
11 Represents crime reported to individual rural county
law enforcement agencies covering populations
25,000 and over, i.e., the individual sheriff's office,
county police department, highway patrol, and/or
state police. These figures do not represent the
county totals since they exclude city crime counts.
Any comparison of UCR statistics should take into
consideration demographic factors.
12-15
16-19 The forcible rape figures furnished by the Delaware
and Illinois state-level UCR Programs were not in
accordance with national guidelines. For inclusion
in these tables, the Delaware and Illinois forcible
rape figures were estimated by using the national
rates for each population group applied to the
population by group for Delaware and Illinois
agencies supplying all 12 months of data. Slight
decrease in national coverage for Table 19 due to
editing procedure and lower submission rate.
20 The SHR is the monthly report form concerning
homicides. It details victim and offender
characteristics, circumstances, weapons used, etc.
21, 22
23, 24 Aggravated assault is excluded from Table 23. For
UCR Program purposes, the taking of money or
property in connection with an assault is reported
as robbery.
25-28
29
30, 31
32, 33
34, 35
36, 37
38-43
44, 45
46-49
50, 51
52-55
56, 57
58-61
62, 63
64-67
68 Data furnished are based upon individual state age
definitions for juveniles.
69 Any comparison of statistics should take into
consideration variances in arrest practices,
particularly for Part II crimes.
Appendix II--Offenses in Uniform Crime Reporting The Uniform Crime Reporting Program classifies offenses into two groups, Part I and Part II. Each month contributing agencies submit information on the number of Part I (Crime Index) offenses known to law enforcement; those cleared by arrest or exceptional means; and the age, sex, and race of persons arrested. Contributors provide only arrest data for Part II offenses. The Part I offenses are defined below: Criminal homicide--a.) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter: the willful Intentional; not accidental; voluntary; designed. There is no precise definition of the term willful because its meaning largely depends on the context in which it appears. (nonnegligent) killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by negligence negligence, in law, especially tort law, the breach of an obligation (duty) to act with care, or the failure to act as a reasonable and prudent person would under similar circumstances. , attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides It may never be fully completed or, depending on its its nature, it may be that it can never be completed. However, new and revised entries in the list are always welcome.
1. occurring by chance, unexpectedly, or unintentionally. 2. nonessential; not innate or intrinsic. deaths are excluded. The Program classifies justifiable homicides justifiable homicide n. a killing without evil or criminal intent, for which there can be no blame, such as self-defense to protect oneself or to protect another, or the shooting by a law enforcement officer in fulfilling his/her duties. separately and limits the definition to: (1) the killing of a felon An individual who commits a crime of a serious nature, such as Burglary or murder. A person who commits a felony. felon n. a person who has been convicted of a felony, which is a crime punishable by death or a term in state or federal prison. by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty In the Line of Duty may refer to:
Gross negligence is a conscious and voluntary disregard of the need to use reasonable care, which is likely to cause foreseeable grave injury or harm to persons, property, or . Traffic fatalities are excluded. While manslaughter by negligence is a Part I crime, it is not included in the Crime Index. Forcible rape--The carnal knowledge Copulation; the act of a man having sexual relations with a woman. Penetration is an essential element of sexual intercourse, and there is carnal knowledge if even the slightest penetration of the female by the male organ takes place. of a female forcibly forc·i·ble adj. 1. Effected against resistance through the use of force: The police used forcible restraint in order to subdue the assailant. 2. Characterized by force; powerful. and against her will. Rapes by force and attempts or assaults to rape regardless of the age of the victim are included. Statutory offenses (no force used--victim under age of consent) are excluded. Robbery--The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody The care, possession, and control of a thing or person. The retention, inspection, guarding, maintenance, or security of a thing within the immediate care and control of the person to whom it is committed. The detention of a person by lawful authority or process. , or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. Aggravated ag·gra·vate tr.v. ag·gra·vat·ed, ag·gra·vat·ing, ag·gra·vates 1. To make worse or more troublesome. 2. To rouse to exasperation or anger; provoke. See Synonyms at annoy. assault--An unlawful Contrary to or unauthorized by law; illegal. When applied to promises, agreements, or contracts, the term denotes that such agreements have no legal effect. The law disapproves of such conduct because it is immoral or contrary to public policy. attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied ac·com·pa·ny v. ac·com·pa·nied, ac·com·pa·ny·ing, ac·com·pa·nies v.tr. 1. To be or go with as a companion. 2. by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm The medical idea of (grievous) bodily harm is more specific than legal ideas of assault or violence in general, and distinct from property damage. It refers to lasting harm done to the body, human or otherwise, although in its legal sense it is exclusively defined as lasting . Simple assaults are excluded. Burglary (breaking or entering)--The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. Attempted forcible entry forcible entry n. the crime of taking possession of a house or other structure, or land by the use of physical force or serious threats against the occupants. is included. Larceny-theft (except motor vehicle theft)--The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession constructive possession n. when a person does not have actual possession, but has the power to control an asset, he/she has constructive possession. Having the key to a safe deposit box, for example, gives one constructive possession. (See: constructive) of another. Examples are thefts of bicycles or automobile automobile, self-propelled vehicle used for travel on land. The term is commonly applied to a four-wheeled vehicle designed to carry two to six passengers and a limited amount of cargo, as contrasted with a truck, which is designed primarily for the transportation of accessories, shoplifting Ask a Lawyer Question Country: United States of America State: Florida caught shoplifting at sears 12/05/05, first time, 20yearsold, have no criminal record. , pocket-picking, or the stealing STEALING. This term imports, ex vi termini, nearly the same as larceny; but in common parlance, it does not always import a felony; as, for example, you stole an acre of my land. 2. of any property or article which is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Attempted larcenies are included. Embezzlement embezzlement, wrongful use, for one's own selfish ends, of the property of another when that property has been legally entrusted to one. Such an act was not larceny at common law because larceny was committed only when property was acquired by a "felonious taking," i. , confidence games, forgery forgery, in art forgery, in art, the false claim to authenticity for a work of art. The Nature of Forgery Because the provenance of works of art is seldom clear and because their origin is often judged by means of subtle factors, art , worthless checks, etc., are excluded. Motor vehicle theft--The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. A motor vehicle is self-propelled self-pro·pelled adj. 1. Containing its own means of propulsion: a self-propelled golf cart. 2. Fired from or mounted on a moving vehicle: a self-propelled howitzer. and runs on the surface and not on rails. Motorboats, construction equipment, airplanes, and farming equipment are specifically excluded from this category. Arson--Any willful or malicious Involving malice; characterized by wicked or mischievous motives or intentions. An act done maliciously is one that is wrongful and performed willfully or intentionally, and without legal justification. DESERTION, MALICIOUS. burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud To make a Misrepresentation of an existing material fact, knowing it to be false or making it recklessly without regard to whether it is true or false, intending for someone to rely on the misrepresentation and under circumstances in which such person does rely on it to his or , a dwelling dwelling an abnormality of gait in a horse in which there is a momentary hesitation before the foot is placed on the ground. house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. The Part II offenses are defined below: Other assaults (simple)--Assaults and attempted assaults where no weapons are used and which do not result in serious or aggravated injury to the victim. Forgery and counterfeiting--Making, altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false in the semblance of that which is true. Attempts are included. Fraud--Fraudulent conversion and obtaining money or property by false pretenses False representations of material past or present facts, known by the wrongdoer to be false, and made with the intent to defraud a victim into passing title in property to the wrongdoer. . Confidence games and bad checks, except forgeries and counterfeiting counterfeiting, manufacturing spurious coins, paper money, or evidences of governmental obligation (e.g., bonds) in the semblance of the true. There must be sufficient resemblance to the genuine article to deceive a person using ordinary caution. , are included. Embezzlement--Misappropriation or misapplication misapplication, n the use of incorrect or improper procedures while administering treatment; results from inadequacy in experience, training, skills, or knowledge. May also result from impairment or incompetence. of money or property entrusted to one's care, custody, or control. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing--Buying, receiving, and possessing stolen property, including attempts. Vandalism--Willful or malicious destruction, injury, disfigurement dis·fig·ure tr.v. dis·fig·ured, dis·fig·ur·ing, dis·fig·ures To mar or spoil the appearance or shape of; deform. [Middle English disfiguren, from Old French desfigurer , or defacement de·face tr.v. de·faced, de·fac·ing, de·fac·es 1. To mar or spoil the appearance or surface of; disfigure. 2. To impair the usefulness, value, or influence of. 3. of any public or private property, real or personal, without consent of the owner or persons having custody or control. Attempts are included. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.--All violations of regulations or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufacturing of deadly weapons deadly weapon n. any weapon which can kill. This includes not only weapons which are intended to do harm like a gun or knife, but also blunt instruments like clubs, baseball bats, monkey wrenches, an automobile or any object which actually causes death. or silencers. Attempts are included. Prostitution prostitution, act of granting sexual access for payment. Although most commonly conducted by females for males, it may be performed by females or males for either females or males. and commercialized vice--Sex offenses of a commercialized nature, such as prostitution, keeping a bawdy bawd·y adj. bawd·i·er, bawd·i·est 1. Humorously coarse; risqué. 2. Vulgar; lewd. bawd  i·ly adv. house,
procuring Procuring, in general, is the act of acquiring goods or services, usually by contract. It may refer to:
Sex offenses A class of sexual conduct prohibited by the law. Since the 1970s this area of the law has undergone significant changes and reforms. Although the commission of sex offenses is not new, public awareness and concern regarding sex offenses have grown, resulting in the (except forcible rape, prostitution, and commercialized vice)--Statutory rape and offenses against chastity Chastity See also Modesty, Purity, Virginity. Agnes, St. virgin saint and martyr. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewster, 76] Artemis (Rom. Diana) moon goddess; virgin huntress. [Gk. Myth. , common decency de·cen·cy n. pl. de·cen·cies 1. The state or quality of being decent; propriety. 2. Conformity to prevailing standards of propriety or modesty. 3. decencies a. , morals, and the like. Attempts are included. Drug abuse violations--State and/or local offenses relating to relating to relate prep → concernant relating to relate prep → bezüglich +gen, mit Bezug auf +acc the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, and manufacturing of narcotic narcotic, any of a number of substances that have a depressant effect on the nervous system. The chief narcotic drugs are opium, its constituents morphine and codeine, and the morphine derivative heroin. See also drug addiction and drug abuse. drugs. The following drug categories are specified spec·i·fy tr.v. spec·i·fied, spec·i·fy·ing, spec·i·fies 1. To state explicitly or in detail: specified the amount needed. 2. To include in a specification. 3. : opium opium, substance derived by collecting and drying the milky juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. Opium varies in color from yellow to dark brown and has a characteristic odor and a bitter taste. or cocaine cocaine (kōkān`, kō`kān), alkaloid drug derived from the leaves of the coca shrub. A commonly abused illegal drug, cocaine has limited medical uses, most often in surgical applications that take advantage of the fact that, in and their derivatives derivatives In finance, contracts whose value is derived from another asset, which can include stocks, bonds, currencies, interest rates, commodities, and related indexes. Purchasers of derivatives are essentially wagering on the future performance of that asset. (morphine morphine, principal derivative of opium, which is the juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It was first isolated from opium in 1803 by the German pharmacist F. W. A. , heroin heroin (hĕ`rəwən), opiate drug synthesized from morphine (see narcotic). Originally produced in 1874, it was thought to be not only nonaddictive but useful as a cure for respiratory illness and morphine addiction, and capable of relieving , codeine codeine (kō`dēn), alkaloid found in opium. It is a narcotic whose effects, though less potent, resemble those of morphine. An effective cough suppressant, it is mainly used in cough medicines. Like other narcotics, codeine is addictive. ); marijuana marijuana or marihuana, drug obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (see hemp) or C. indica; the latter species can withstand colder climates. ; synthetic Synthetic A financial instrument that is created artificially by simulating another instrument with the combined features of a collection of other assets. Notes: narcotics--manufactured narcotics narcotics n. 1) techinically, drugs which dull the senses. 2) a popular generic term for drugs which cannot be legally possessed, sold, or transported except for medicinal uses for which a physician or dentist's prescription is required. that can cause true addiction addiction: see drug addiction and drug abuse. (demerol Demerol: see analgesic. , methadone methadone (mĕth`ədōn', –dŏn'), synthetic narcotic similar in effect to morphine. Synthesized in Germany, it came into clinical use after World War II. It is sometimes used as an analgesic and to suppress the cough reflex. ); and dangerous nonnarcotic drugs (barbiturates Barbiturates Definition Barbiturates are medicines that act on the central nervous system and cause drowsiness and can control seizures. Purpose , benzedrine benzedrine see amphetamine. benzedrine Amphetamine sulfate Pharmacology A vasoconstricting nonnarcotic stimulant, first marketed as an OTC inhalation stimulant to treat congestion. See Amphetamine. ). Gambling--Promoting, permitting, or engaging in illegal gambling gambling or gaming, betting of money or valuables on, and often participation in, games of chance (some involving degrees of skill). In England and in the United States, gambling was not a common-law crime if conducted privately. . Offenses against the family and children--Nonsupport, neglect An omission to do or perform some work, duty, or act. As used by U.S. courts, the term neglect denotes the failure of responsibility on the part of defendants or attorneys. , desertion, or abuse of family and children. Attempts are included. Driving under the influence--Driving or operating any vehicle or common carrier while drunk or under the influence of liquor liquor /li·quor/ (lik´er) (li´kwor) pl. liquors, liquo´res [L.] 1. a liquid, especially an aqueous solution containing a medicinal substance. 2. or narcotics. Liquor laws--State and/or local liquor law violations except drunkenness Drunkenness See also Alcoholism. Acrasia self-indulgent in the pleasures of the senses. [Br. Lit.: Faerie Queene] Admiral of the red a wine-bibber. [Br. and driving under the influence. Federal violations are excluded. Drunkenness--Offenses relating to drunkenness or intoxication intoxication, condition of body tissue affected by a poisonous substance. Poisonous materials, or toxins, are to be found in heavy metals such as lead and mercury, in drugs, in chemicals such as alcohol and carbon tetrachloride, in gases such as carbon monoxide, and . Driving under the influence is excluded. Disorderly conduct--Breach of the peace. Vagrancy--Begging, loitering Loitering (IPA pronunciation: ['lɔɪtəˌrɪŋ] is an intransitive verb meaning to stand idly, to stop numerous times, or to delay and procrastinate. , etc. Includes prosecutions under the charge of suspicious suspicious adjective Referring to the consideration of a particular disorder–eg, cancer, as a diagnostic possibility, as in 'suspicious for malignancy' person. All other offenses--All violations of state and/or local laws except those listed above and traffic offenses. Suspicion--No specific offense; suspect released without formal charges being placed. Curfew curfew [O.Fr.,=cover fire], originally a signal, such as the ringing of a bell, to damp the fire, extinguish all lights in the dwelling, and retire for the night. The custom originated as a precaution against fires and was common throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. and loitering laws (persons under age 18)--Offenses relating to violations of local curfew or loitering ordinances where such laws exist. Runaways (persons under age 18)--Limited to juveniles taken into protective custody An arrangement whereby a person is safeguarded by law enforcement authorities in a location other than the person's home because his or her safety is seriously threatened. under provisions of local statutes. Appendix III--Uniform Crime Reporting Area Definitions The presentation of statistics by reporting area facilitates analyzing local crime counts in conjunction conjunction, in astronomy conjunction, in astronomy, alignment of two celestial bodies as seen from the earth. Conjunction of the moon and the planets is often determined by reference to the sun. with those for areas of similar geographical ge·o·graph·ic also ge·o·graph·i·cal adj. 1. Of or relating to geography. 2. Concerning the topography of a specific region. ge location or population size. Geographically ge·o·graph·ic also ge·o·graph·i·cal adj. 1. Of or relating to geography. 2. Concerning the topography of a specific region. ge , the United States is divisible DIVISIBLE. The susceptibility of being divided. 2. A contract cannot, in general, be divided in such a manner that an action may be brought, or a right accrue, on a part of it. 2 Penna. R. 454. by regions, divisions, and states. Further breakdowns rely on population figures and proximity PROXIMITY. Kindred between two persons. Dig. 38, 16, 8. to metropolitan areas. As a general rule, sheriffs, county police, and state police report crimes committed within the limits of counties but outside cities, and local police report crimes committed within the city limits. Community Types Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data are often presented in aggregations representing three types of communities: 1. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)--Each MSA (Metropolitan Service Area) An urban area with at least 50,000 people plus surrounding counties. There are 306 MSAs and 428 RSAs (rural service areas) in the U.S. MSAs and RSAs are used to allocate cellular licenses. includes a central city of at least 50,000 people or an urbanized area of at least 50,000. The county containing the central city and other contiguous Adjacent or touching. Contrast with fragmentation. See contiguous file. counties having strong economic and social ties to the central city and county are also included. Counties in an MSA are designated suburban for UCR purposes. An MSA may cross state lines. The MSA concept facilitates the analysis and presentation of uniform statistical data on metropolitan areas by establishing reporting units which represent major population centers. Due to changes in the geographic composition of MSAs, no year-to-year comparisons of data for those areas should be attempted. New England New England, name applied to the region comprising six states of the NE United States—Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The region is thought to have been so named by Capt. MSAs are composed of cities and towns instead of counties. In this publication's tabular presentations, New England cities and towns are assigned to the proper MSAs. Some counties, however, have both suburban and rural portions. Data for state police and sheriffs in those jurisdictions are included in statistics for the rural areas. MSAs made up approximately ap·prox·i·mate adj. 1. Almost exact or correct: the approximate time of the accident. 2. 79.9 percent of the total United States population in 2001. Some presentations in this book refer to suburban areas. A suburban area includes cities with less than 50,000 inhabitants
The game is based loosely on the concepts from SameGame. in addition to counties (unincorporated areas In law, an unincorporated area is a region of land that is not a part of any municipality. To "incorporate" in this context means to form a municipal corporation, i.e., a city or town with its own government. ) within the MSA. The central cities are, of course, excluded. The concept of suburban area is especially important because of the particular crime conditions which exist in the communities surrounding sur·round tr.v. sur·round·ed, sur·round·ing, sur·rounds 1. To extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle. 2. To enclose or confine on all sides so as to bar escape or outside communication. n. the Nation's largest cities. 2. Cities Outside MSAs--Cities outside MSAs are mostly incorporated. They comprised 8.0 percent of the 2001 population of the United States. 3. Rural Counties Outside MSAs--Rural counties are composed of mostly unincorporated areas. Law enforcement agencies in rural counties cover areas that are not under the jurisdiction of city police departments. Rural county law enforcement agencies served 12.1 percent of the national population in 2001. The following is an illustration of the community types:
MSA NON-MSA
CENTRAL
CITIES 50,000 CITIES
CITIES AND OVER OUTSIDE
METROPLITAN
SUBURBAN AREAS
CITIES
COUNTIES
(including SUBURBAN RURAL
unincorporated COUNTIES COUNTIES
areas)
Population Groups The population group classifications used by the UCR Program are: Population Political Population Group Label Range I City 250,000 and over II City 100,000 to 249,999 III City 50,000 to 99,999 IV City 25,000 to 49,999 V City 10,000 to 24,999 VI City (1) Less than 10,000 VIII (Rural County) County (2) N/A IX (Suburban County) County (2) N/A (1) Includes universities and colleges to which no population is attributed. (2) Includes state police to which no population is attributed. The major source of UCR data is the individual law enforcement agency. The number of agencies included in each population group will vary slightly from year to year because of population growth, geopolitical consolidation, municipal incorporation, etc. Population figures for individual jurisdictions are estimated by the UCR Program in noncensus years. (See Appendix I for a more comprehensive explanation of population estimations.) The following table shows the number of UCR contributing agencies within each population group for 2001. Population Number of Population Group Agencies Covered I 70 52,194,574 II 170 25,241,834 III 415 28,433,360 IV 794 27,588,722 V 1,856 29,412,579 VI (1) 8,463 25,860,112 VIII (Rural County) (2) 3,413 34,454,583 IX (Suburban County) (2) 1,790 61,611,123 Total 16,971 284,796,887 (1) Includes universities and colleges to which no population is attributed. (2) Includes state police to which no population is attributed. Regions and Divisions As shown in the accompanying ac·com·pa·ny v. ac·com·pa·nied, ac·com·pa·ny·ing, ac·com·pa·nies v.tr. 1. To be or go with as a companion. 2. map, the United States is composed of four regions: the Northeastern north·east n. 1. Abbr. NE The direction or point on the mariner's compass halfway between due north and due east, or 45° east of due north. 2. An area or region lying in the northeast. 3. States, the Midwestern Mid·west or Middle West A region of the north-central United States around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley. It is generally considered to include Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and States, the Southern States Southern States U.S. Confederacy government of 11 Southern states that left the Union in 1860. [Am. Hist.: EB, III: 73] Dixie popular name for Southern states in U.S. and for song. [Am. Hist. , and the Western States. These regions are further separated into nine divisions. The following table delineates the regional, divisional, and state configuration of the country.
NORTHEASTERN STATES
New England Middle Atlantic
Connecticut New Jersey
Maine New York
Massachusetts Pennsylvania
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
MIDWESTERN STATES
East North Central West North Central
Illinois Iowa
Indiana Kansas
Michigan Minnesota
Ohio Missouri
Wisconsin Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
SOUTHERN STATES
South Atlantic East South Central
Delaware Alabama
District of Columbia Kentucky
Florida Mississippi
Georgia Tennessee
Maryland West South Central
North Carolina Arkansas
South Carolina Louisiana
Virginia Oklahoma
West Virginia Texas
WESTERN STATES
Mountain Pacific
Arizona Alaska
Colorado California
Idaho Hawaii
Montana Oregon
Nevada Washington
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Appendix IV--The Nation's Two Crime Measures The U.S. Department of Justice administers two statistical programs to measure the magnitude magnitude, in astronomy, measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial object. The stars cataloged by Ptolemy (2d cent. A.D.), all visible with the unaided eye, were ranked on a brightness scale such that the brightest stars were of 1st magnitude and the , nature, and impact of crime in the Nation: the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, is a national survey of approximately 77,200 [1] households in the United States, on the frequency of crime victimization, as well as chacteristics and consequences (NCVS NCVS National Center for Voice and Speech (Denver, CO) NCVS National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS National Crime Victimization Study NCVS National Crime Victims Survey NCVS Northwest Credentials Verification Service ). Each of these programs produces valuable information about aspects of the Nation's crime problem. Because the UCR and NCVS programs are conducted for different purposes, use different methods, and focus on somewhat different aspects of crime, the information they produce together provides a more comprehensive panorama panorama Narrative scene or landscape painted to conform to a curved or flat background, which surrounds or is unrolled before the viewer. Popular in the late 18th and 19th centuries, it was an antecedent of the stereopticon and motion pictures. of the Nation's crime problem than either could produce alone. Uniform Crime Reports The FBI's UCR Program, which began in 1929, collects information on the following crimes reported to law enforcement authorities: homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Arrests are reported for 21 additional crime categories. The UCR data are compiled from monthly law enforcement reports or individual crime incident records transmitted directly to the FBI or to centralized cen·tral·ize v. cen·tral·ized, cen·tral·iz·ing, cen·tral·iz·es v.tr. 1. To draw into or toward a center; consolidate. 2. state agencies that then report to the FBI. Each report submitted to the UCR Program is examined thoroughly for reasonableness, accuracy, and deviations that may indicate errors. Large variations in crime levels may indicate modified records procedures, incomplete reporting, or changes in a jurisdiction's boundaries Natural or artificial separations or divisions between adjoining properties that show their limits. Boundaries are used to establish private and public ownership by determining the exact location of the points at which one piece of land is distinguishable from another. . To identify any unusual fluctuations in an agency's crime counts, monthly reports are compared with previous submissions of the agency and with those for similar agencies. In 2001, law enforcement agencies active in the UCR Program represented approximately 255 million United States inhabitants--89.6 percent of the total population. The UCR Program provides crime counts for the Nation as a whole, as well as for regions, states, counties, cities, and towns. This permits studies among neighboring neigh·bor n. 1. One who lives near or next to another. 2. A person, place, or thing adjacent to or located near another. 3. A fellow human. 4. Used as a form of familiar address. v. jurisdictions and among those with similar populations and other common characteristics. UCR findings for each calendar year are published in a preliminary release in the spring of the following calendar year, then succeeded by a detailed annual report, Crime in the United States, issued in the fall. In addition to crime counts and trends, this report includes data on crimes cleared, persons arrested (age, sex, and race), law enforcement personnel (including the number of sworn officers killed or assaulted), and the characteristics of homicides (including age, sex, and race of victims and offenders; victim-offender relationships; weapons used; and circumstances surrounding the homicides). Other periodic reports are also available from the UCR Program. The UCR Program is continually con·tin·u·al adj. 1. Recurring regularly or frequently: the continual need to pay the mortgage. 2. converting to the more comprehensive and detailed National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). NIBRS can provide detailed information about each criminal incident in 22 broad categories of offenses. National Crime Victimization Survey The Bureau of Justice Statistics' NCVS, which began in 1973, provides a detailed picture of crime incidents, victims, and trends. After a substantial period of research, the survey completed an intensive methodological redesign re·de·sign tr.v. re·de·signed, re·de·sign·ing, re·de·signs To make a revision in the appearance or function of. re in 1993. The redesign was undertaken to improve the questions used to uncover crime, update the survey methods, and broaden the scope of crimes measured. The redesigned survey collects detailed information on the frequency and nature of the crimes of rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, aggravated and simple assault, household burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. It does not measure homicide or commercial crimes (such as burglaries of stores). Two times a year, U.S. Bureau of the Census personnel interview all household members at least 12 years old in a nationally representative sample of approximately 49,000 households (about 80,000 people). Approximately 160,000 interviews are conducted annually. Households stay in the sample for 3 years. New households rotate into the sample on an ongoing basis. The NCVS collects information on crimes suffered by individuals and households, whether or not those crimes were reported to law enforcement. It estimates the proportion of each crime type reported to law enforcement, and it summarizes the reasons that victims give for reporting or not reporting. The survey provides information about victims (age, sex, race, ethnicity ethnicity Vox populi Racial status–ie, African American, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic , marital status marital status, n the legal standing of a person in regard to his or her marriage state. , income, and educational level), offenders (sex, race, approximate ap·prox·i·mate v. To bring together, as cut edges of tissue. adj. 1. Relating to the contact surfaces, either proximal or distal, of two adjacent teeth; proximate. 2. Close together. age, and victim-offender relationship), and the crimes (time and place of occurrence, use of weapons, nature of injury, and economic consequences). Questions also cover the experiences of victims with the criminal justice system, self-protective self-pro·tec·tive adj. Serving or designed to protect oneself. self  -pro·tec measures used
by victims, and possible substance abuse by offenders. Supplements are
added periodically to the survey to obtain detailed information on
topics like school crime.The first data from the redesigned NCVS were published in a BJS Noun 1. BJS - the agency in the Department of Justice that is the primary source of criminal justice statistics for federal and local policy makers Bureau of Justice Statistics bulletin in June June: see month. 1995. BJS publication of NCVS data includes Criminal Victimization victimization Social medicine The abuse of the disenfranchised–eg, those underage, elderly, ♀, mentally retarded, illegal aliens, or other, by coercing them into illegal activities–eg, drug trade, pornography, prostitution. in the United States, an annual report that covers the broad range of detailed information collected by the NCVS. BJS publishes detailed reports on topics such as crime against women, urban crime, and gun use in crime. The NCVS data files are archived at the National Archive A national archive is a central archive maintained by a nation. List of national archives
Comparing UCR and NCVS Because the NCVS was designed to complement the UCR Program, the two programs share many similarities. As much as their different collection methods permit, the two measure the same subset A group of commands or functions that do not include all the capabilities of the original specification. Software or hardware components designed for the subset will also work with the original. of serious crimes, defined alike. Both programs cover rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Rape, robbery, theft, and motor vehicle theft are defined virtually identically by both the UCR and NCVS. (While rape is defined analogously a·nal·o·gous adj. 1. Similar or alike in such a way as to permit the drawing of an analogy. 2. Biology Similar in function but not in structure and evolutionary origin. , the UCR Crime Index measures the crime against women only, and the NCVS measures it against both sexes.) There are also significant differences between the two programs. First, the two programs were created to serve different purposes. The UCR Program's primary objective is to provide a reliable set of criminal justice statistics for law enforcement administration, operation, and management. The NCVS was established to provide previously unavailable information about crime (including crime not reported to police), victims, and offenders. Second, the two programs measure an overlapping but nonidentical non·i·den·ti·cal adj. 1. Not being the same; different. 2. Fraternal, as of twins. set of crimes. The NCVS includes crimes both reported and not reported to law enforcement. The NCVS excludes, but the UCR includes, homicide, arson, commercial crimes, and crimes against children under age 12. The UCR captures crimes reported to law enforcement, but it excludes simple assaults and sexual assaults other than forcible rape from the Crime Index. Third, because of methodology, the NCVS and UCR definitions of some crimes differ. For example, the UCR defines burglary as the unlawful entry or attempted entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The NCVS, not wanting to ask victims to ascertain offender motives, defines burglary as the entry or attempted entry of a residence by a person who had no right to be there. Fourth, for property crimes (burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft), the two programs calculate crime rates using different bases. The UCR rates for these crimes are per capita [Latin, By the heads or polls.] A term used in the Descent and Distribution of the estate of one who dies without a will. It means to share and share alike according to the number of individuals. (number of crimes per 100,000 persons), whereas the NCVS rates for these crimes are per household (number of crimes per 1,000 households). Because the number of households may not grow at the same rate each year as the total population, trend data for rates of property crimes measured by the two programs may not be comparable. In addition, some differences in the data from the two programs may result from sampling variation in the NCVS and from estimating for nonresponse in the UCR. The NCVS estimates are derived de·rive v. de·rived, de·riv·ing, de·rives v.tr. 1. To obtain or receive from a source. 2. from interviewing a sample and are, therefore, subject to a margin of error. Rigorous statistical methods are used to calculate confidence intervals confidence interval, n a statistical device used to determine the range within which an acceptable datum would fall. Confidence intervals are usually expressed in percentages, typically 95% or 99%. around all survey estimates. Trend data in NCVS reports are described as genuine only if there is at least a 90-percent certainty CERTAINTY, UNCERTAINTY, contracts. In matters of obligation, a thing is certain, when its essence, quality, and quantity, are described, distinctly set forth, Dig. 12, 1, 6. It is uncertain, when the description is not that of one individual object, but designates only the kind. Louis. that the measured changes are not the result of sampling variation. The UCR data are based on the actual counts of offenses reported by law enforcement jurisdictions. In some circumstances, UCR data are estimated for nonparticipating nonparticipating 1. Of, relating to, or being a class of preferred stock that does not have the right to participate with common stock in earnings growth through increases in dividends. Nearly all preferred stock issues are nonparticipating. jurisdictions or those reporting partial data. Apparent discrepancies between statistics from the two programs can usually be accounted for by their definitional and procedural differences or resolved by comparing NCVS sampling variations (confidence intervals) of those crimes said to have been reported to police with UCR statistics. For most types of crimes measured by both the UCR and NCVS, analysts familiar with the programs can exclude from analysis those aspects of crime not common to both. Resulting long-term Long-term Three or more years. In the context of accounting, more than 1 year. long-term 1. Of or relating to a gain or loss in the value of a security that has been held over a specific length of time. Compare short-term. trend lines can be brought into close concordance concordance /con·cor·dance/ (-kord´ins) in genetics, the occurrence of a given trait in both members of a twin pair.concor´dant con·cor·dance n. . The impact of such adjustments is most striking for robbery, burglary, and motor vehicle theft, whose definitions most closely coincide. With robbery, annual victimization rates are based only on NCVS robberies reported to the police. It is also possible to remove UCR robberies of commercial establishments such as gas stations, convenience stores The following is a list of convenience stores organized by geographical location. Stores are grouped by the lowest heading that contains all locales in which the brands have significant presence. , and banks from analysis. When the resulting NCVS police-reported robbery rates are compared to UCR noncommercial adj. 1. not connected with or engaged in commercial enterprises. Opposite of commercial nt>. Adj. 1. noncommercial - not connected with or engaged in commercial enterprises robbery rates, the results reveal closely corresponding long-term trends. Each program has unique strengths. The UCR provides a measure of the number of crimes reported to law enforcement agencies throughout the country. The UCR's Supplementary Homicide Reports provide the most reliable, timely data on the extent and nature of homicides in the Nation. The NCVS is the primary source of information on the characteristics of criminal victimization and on the number and types of crimes not reported to law enforcement authorities. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each program, it is possible to use the UCR and NCVS to achieve a greater understanding of crime trends and the nature of crime in the United States. For example, changes in police procedures, shifting attitudes towards crime and police, and other societal so·ci·e·tal adj. Of or relating to the structure, organization, or functioning of society. so·ci e·tal·ly adv.Adj. changes can affect the extent to which people report and law enforcement agencies record crime. NCVS and UCR data can be used in concert to explore why trends in reported and police-recorded crime may differ.
Appendix V--Directory of State Uniform Crime Reporting Programs
Alabama Alabama Criminal Justice
Information Center
Suite 350
770 Washington Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama 36104
334-242-4900
Alaska Uniform Crime Reporting Section
Department of Public Safety
Information System
5700 East Tudor Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99507
907-451-5166
American Samoa Department of Public Safety
Post Office Box 1086
Pago Pago
American Samoa 96799
684-633-1111
Arizona Uniform Crime Reporting Program
Access Integrity Unit
Arizona Department of Public Safety
Post Office Box 6638
Phoenix, Arizona 85005-6638
602-223-2263
Arkansas Arkansas Crime Information Center
One Capitol Mall, 4D-200
Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
501-682-2222
California Criminal Justice Statistics Center
Department of Justice
Post Office Box 903427
Sacramento, California 94203-4270
916-227-3282
Colorado Uniform Crime Reporting
Colorado Bureau of Investigation
Suite 3000
690 Kipling Street
Denver, Colorado 80215
303-239-4300
Connecticut Uniform Crime Reporting Program
Post Office Box 2794
Middletown, Connecticut 06457-9294
860-685-8030
Delaware Delaware State Bureau of Identification
Post Office Box 430
Dover, Delaw are 19903
302-739-5875
District of Columbia Research and Development
Metropolitan Police Department
Post Office Box 1606
Washington, D.C. 20001
202-727-4289
Florida Florida Crime Information Bureau
Florida Department of Law Enforcement
Post Office Box 1489
Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489
850-410-7121
Georgia Georgia Crime Information Center
Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Post Office Box 370748
Decatur, Georgia 30037-0748
404-244-2840
Guam Guam Police Department
Planning, Research and Development
Building #3
Central Avenue
Tiyan, Guam 96913
671-472-8911 X 418
Hawaii Crime Prevention and Justice
Assistance Division
Department of the Attorney General
Suite 401
235 South Beretania Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
808-586-1416
Idaho Criminal Identification Bureau
Idaho Department of Law Enforcement
Post Office Box 700
Meridian, Idaho 83680
208-884-7156
Illinois Uniform Crime Reporting
Division of Administration; Crime
Statistics
Illinois State Police
Post Office Box 3677
Springfield, Illinois 62708
217-782-5794
Iowa Iowa Department of Public Safety
Wallace State Office Building
East Ninth and Grand
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
515-281-8494
Kansas Criminal Justice System
Kansas Bureau of Investigation
Crime Data Information Center
1620 Southwest Tyler Street
Topeka, Kansas 66612
785-296-8200
Kentucky Records Section
Kentucky State Police
1250 Louisville Road
Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
502-227-8790
Louisiana Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement
Office of the Governor
Room 708
1885 Wooddale Boulevard
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806
225-925-4420
Maine Records Management Services
Uniform Crime Reporting Division
Maine Department of Public Safety
Maine State Police
36 Hospital Street, Station 42
Augusta, Maine 04333
207-624-7003
Maryland Central Records Division
Maryland State Police
1711 Belmont Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21244
410-298-3883
Massachusetts Crime Reporting Unit
Uniform Crime Reports
Massachusetts State Police
470 Worcester Road
Framingham, Massachusetts 01702
508-820-2111
Michigan Uniform Crime Reporting Section
Criminal Justice Information Center
Michigan State Police
7150 Harris Drive
Lansing, Michigan 48913
517-322-1424
Minnesota Criminal Justice Information Systems
Bureau of Criminal Apprehension
Minnesota Department of Public Safety
1246 University Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
651-642-0670
Missouri Uniform Crime Reporting Program Office
Criminal Records and Identification
Division
Missouri State Highway Patrol
Post Office Box 568
Jefferson City, Missouri 65102-0568
573-526-6278
Montana Montana Board of Crime Control
Post Office Box 201408
Helena, Montana 59620-1408
406-444-4298
Nebraska Uniform Crime Reporting Section
The Nebraska Commission on Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Post Office Box 94946
Lincoln, Nebraska 68508
402-471-3982
Nevada Criminal Information Services
Nevada Highway Patrol
808 West Nye Lane
Carson City, Nevada 89703
775-687-1600
New Hampshire Uniform Crime Reporting Unit
New Hampshire State Police
New Hampshire Department
of Public Safety
10 Hazen Drive
Concord, New Hampshire 03305
603-271-2509
New Jersey Uniform Crime Reporting
New Jersey State Police
Post Office Box 7068
West Trenton, New Jersey 08628-0068
609-882-2000 X 2392
New York Statistical Services
New York State Division of Criminal
Justice Services
8th Floor, Mail Room
4 Tower Place
Albany, New York 12203
518-457-8381
North Carolina Records and Criminal Statistics
State Bureau of Investigation
Post Office Box 29500
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0500
919-662-4509
North Dakota Information Services Section
Bureau of Criminal Investigation
Attorney General's Office
Post Office Box 1054
Bismarck, North Dakota 58502
701-328-5500
Ohio * Office of Criminal Justice Services
Suite 300
400 East Town Street
Columbus, Ohio 43215
614-644-6797
Oklahoma Uniform Crime Reporting Section
Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation
Suite 300
6600 North Harvey
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73116
405-879-2533
Oregon Law Enforcement Data System Division
Oregon State Police
955 Center Street, Northeast
Salem, Oregon 97310-2559
503-378-3057
Pennsylvania Bureau of Research and Development
Pennsylvania State Police
1800 Elmerton Avenue
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110
717-783-5536
Puerto Rico Statistics Division
Puerto Rico Police
Post Office Box 70166
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-8166
787-793-1234 X 3113
Rhode Island Rhode Island State Police
311 Danielson Pike
North Scituate, Rhode Island 02857
401-444-1121
South Carolina South Carolina Law Enforcement Division
Post Office Box 21398
Columbia, South Carolina 29221-1398
803-896-7016
South Dakota South Dakota Statistical Analysis Center
500 East Capitol Avenue
Pierre, South Dakota 57501-5070
605-773-6310
Tennessee * Tennessee Bureau of Investigation
901 R.S. Gass Boulevard
Nashville, Tennessee 37216-2639
615-744-4014
Texas Uniform Crime Reporting
Crime Information Bureau
Texas Department of Public Safety
Post Office Box 4143
Austin, Texas 78765-9968
512-424-2734
Utah Data Collection and Analysis
Uniform Crime Reporting
Bureau of Criminal Identification
Utah Department of Public Safety
Post Office Box 148280
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-8280
801-965-4566
Vermont Vermont Crime Information Center
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, Vermont 05671-2101
802-241-5220
Virginia Criminal Justice Information Services
Division
Virginia State Police
Post Office Box 27472
Richmond, Virginia 23261-7472
804-674-2023
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands Police Department
Criminal Justice Complex
Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands 00802
809-774-2211
Washington Uniform Crime Reporting Program
Washington Association of Sheriffs and
Police Chiefs
Post Office Box 826
Olympia, Washington 98507
360-586-3221
West Virginia Uniform Crime Reporting Program
West Virginia State Police
725 Jefferson Road
South Charleston, West Virginia 25309
304-746-2159
Wisconsin Office of Justice Assistance
Suite 202
131 West Wilson Street
Madison, Wisconsin 53702-0001
608-266-3323
Wyoming Uniform Crime Reporting
Criminal Records Section
Division of Criminal Investigation
316 West 22nd Street
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002
307-777-7625
* National Incident-Based Reporting System Only
APPENDIX VI--National Uniform Crime Reporting Directory
Administration 304-625-3691
Program administration; management; policy
Crime Analysis, Research and Development 304-625-3600
Statistical models; special studies and
analyses; crime forecasting
Information Dissemination 304-625-4995
Requests for published and unpublished
data; printouts, magnetic tapes, and books
National Incident-Based Reporting System 1-888-UCR-NIBR
(NIBRS) (1-888-827-6427)
Information for law enforcement agencies
regarding the NIBRS certification process;
federal funding for NIBRS-compliant
records management systems; and data
submission specifications
Quality Assurance 304-625-2941
Assistance in confirming statistical
validity and ensuring agency reporting
integrity
Statistical Processing 304-625-4830
Processing of summary and incident-based
reports from data contributors; reporting
problems; requests for reporting forms;
data processing; data quality
Training/Education 304-625-2821
Requests for training of law enforcement
personnel; information on police reporting
systems; technical assistance
Send correspondence to: Federal Bureau of Investigation
Criminal Justice Information Services
Division
Attention: Uniform Crime Reports
1000 Custer Hollow Road
Clarksburg, West Virginia 26306
Appendix VII--Uniform Crime Reporting Publications List Crime in the United States (annual) * Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (annual) * Hate Crime Statistics (annual) * Killed in the Line of Duty: A Study of Selected Felonious Done with an intent to commit a serious crime or a felony; done with an evil heart or purpose; malicious; wicked; villainous. An aggravated assault, such as an assault with an intent to murder, is a felonious assault. Killings of Law Enforcement Officers (special report) In the Line of Fire: Violence Against Law Enforcement--A Study of Felonious Assaults on Law Enforcement Officers (special report) Uniform Crime Reports: Their Proper Use (brochure A brochure or pamphlet is a leaflet advertisement. Brochures may advertise locations, events, hotels, products, services, etc. They are usually succinct in language and eye-catching in design. ) National Incident-Based Reporting System (brochure) Preliminary Semiannual Semiannual An event that occurs twice in a calendar year. Notes: A bond with semiannual coupons would issue payment once every six months. See also: Annual, Bond, Coupon Bond Uniform Crime Report, January-June * Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report * Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook: National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Summary System NIBRS: Volume 1--Data Collection Guidelines * Volume 2--Data Submission Specifications * Volume 3--Approaches to Implementing an Incident-Based Reporting (IBR IBR see infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. IBR/IPV see infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis. ) System ** Volume 4--Error Message Manual * Addendum addendum n. an addition to a completed written document. Most commonly this is a proposed change or explanation (such as a list of goods to be included) in a contract, or some point that has been subject of negotiation after the contract was originally proposed by to the NIBRS Volumes * Conversion of NIBRS Data to Summary Data * Supplemental Guidelines for Federal Participation Manual of Law Enforcement Records Hate Crime: Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines * Hate Crime Magnetic Media Specifications for Tapes & Diskettes Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book Training Guide for Hate Crime Data Collection * Age-Specific Arrest Rates and Race-Specific Arrest Rates for Selected Offenses Periodic Press Releases: Special Topics * Hate Crime * Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted * * These publications are available on the FBI's Internet Internet Publicly accessible computer network connecting many smaller networks from around the world. It grew out of a U.S. Defense Department program called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), established in 1969 with connections between computers at the site at www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm. ** This publication is no longer in print. |
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