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Role and place of media in the Information Society: the the Marrakech declaration and plan of action/Role et place des medias dans la Societe de l'Information: declaration et plan d'action de Marrakech.

Morocco hosted an international conference on media issues as a follow-up to the World Summit on the Information Society The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was a pair of United Nations-sponsored conferences about information, communication and, in broad terms, the information society that took place in 2003 in Geneva and in 2005 in Tunis.  (WSIS WSIS World Summit on the Information Society
WSIS Who Should I Start? (fantasy football)
WSIS Waste Stream Information Sheet
WSIS White Smoke Identification System (US Navy) 
). It was held in Marrakech from November 22-24, 2004. A hundred representatives of international and regional media professional organizations, non-governmental organizations “NGO” redirects here. For other uses, see NGO (disambiguation).

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by private persons or organizations with no participation or representation of any government.
 (NGOs) concerned with freedom of expression and freedom of the press, media specialists and experts from the academic world and the media industry debated the place and role of the media in the information society, more particularly in Africa and the Arab States. The Ministry of Communication, the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Telecommunications of Morocco, ORBICOM and the International Network of UNESCO UNESCO: see United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
UNESCO
 in full United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
 Chairs in Communication organized this conference jointly. The Marrakech Conference was intended to be a follow-up meeting to the 1st phase of the WSIS (Geneva Geneva, canton and city, Switzerland
Geneva (jənē`və), Fr. Genève, canton (1990 pop. 373,019), 109 sq mi (282 sq km), SW Switzerland, surrounding the southwest tip of the Lake of Geneva.
 2003) and as a preparatory meeting for the 2nd phase (Tunis 2005).

The Marrakech Conference focused on the provisions of the Declaration of Principles and the recommendations of the Plan of Action that relate specifically to the media and those liable to affect the free exercise of journalism. For purposes of the Conference, the issues were grouped into the following 7 themes:

1. The media's place in the information society

2. Media freedom in cyberspace Coined by William Gibson in his 1984 novel "Neuromancer," it is a futuristic computer network that people use by plugging their minds into it! The term now refers to the Internet or to the online or digital world in general. See Internet and virtual reality. Contrast with meatspace. , including cyber (1) From "cybernetics," it is a prefix attached to everyday words to add a computer, electronic or online connotation. The term is similar to "virtual," but the latter is used more frequently. See virtual.  security

3. Reducing the digital divide that affects the media

4. Culture and the media

5. Women in the media

6. Media ownership issues

7. Internet governance Policies and mechanisms for Internet governance have been topics of heated debate between many different Internet stakeholders, some of whom have very different visions for how and indeed whether the Internet should facilitate free communication of ideas and information. : the media position

The climax of the conference was the adoption of the following declaration and plan of action by the participants:

We, the participants in the conference on the follow-up of the World Information Society Summit (WSIS) on "The Role and Place of the Media in the Information Society in Africa and the Arab Region":

Consider that Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Drafted by a committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was adopted without dissent but with eight abstentions.
 is an essential foundation of the Information Society: "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media, and regardless of frontiers".

Reaffirm re·af·firm  
tr.v. re·af·firmed, re·af·firm·ing, re·af·firms
To affirm or assert again.



re
 the principles contained in the Declarations of Windhoek (1991) and of Sana'a (1996) on Promoting Independent and Pluralistic plu·ral·is·tic  
adj.
1. Of or relating to social or philosophical pluralism.

2. Having multiple aspects or parts: "the idea that intelligence is a pluralistic quality that ...
 Media in Africa The media in Africa are expanding rapidly due to advances in telecommunications especially mobile phones and the internet, recent growth has taken place in leaps and bounds. By learning from developed countries, Africa has not been forced to 'reinvent the wheel'.  and the Arab States, as well as those related to media in the Declaration of Principles adopted by the Geneva WSIS, on December 2003.

Declare that the time has come to move from the promise of Article 19 to its universal implementation. Freedom of expression and press freedom are at the core of construction of the Information Society in Africa, the Arab region, and throughout the world.

Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate in the Information Society and to take advantage of its benefits. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) as well as media must be a fulcrum fulcrum: see lever.  for equitable access to sustainable development Sustainable development is a socio-ecological process characterized by the fulfilment of human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment indefinitely. The linkage between environment and development was globally recognized in 1980, when the International Union .

The Internet and other new media forms should be afforded the same freedom of expression protections as traditional media.

The international debate on "Internet Governance" should allow better cooperation on Internet management. It should not be a pretext PRETEXT. The reasons assigned to justify an act, which have only the appearance of truth, and which are without foundation; or which if true are not the true reasons for such act. Vattel, liv. 3, c. 3, 32.  to regulate Internet content of news or opinion. In particular, security considerations and the demands of the battle against crime including terrorism should not imperil im·per·il  
tr.v. im·per·iled or im·per·illed, im·per·il·ing or im·per·il·ling, im·per·ils
To put into peril. See Synonyms at endanger.
 freedom of expression and press freedom. Internet Service Providers Internet service provider (ISP)

Company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations. For a monthly fee, ISPs provide computer users with a connection to their site (see data transmission), as well as a log-in name and password.
 should not be held liable for the content of the messages they carry.

Representatives of the media must be involved as full partners in any future Internet governance system.

Domestic legislation must guarantee the independence and pluralism of the media.

The media's function in producing, gathering, checking and distributing diverse news and content, including at the local community level, is vital. Legal and regulatory frameworks are needed to encourage community media. To that end, those dispositions should be non-discriminatory and provide for equitable allocation of frequencies through transparent mechanisms.

State-controlled broadcasting outlets must be transformed into public service entities with statutes of editorial independence and where journalists have autonomous professional status.

The Information Society should enable women's empowerment and their full and equal access to and use of media and information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Cultural diversity should not only be preserved. It must be fostered. Particular attention must be given to the situation of indigenous people for the safeguard of their linguistic and cultural heritages.

Public and private organizations, such as bilateral and multilateral aid agencies as well as foundations, should stress freedom of expression and press freedom when they fund programmes and projects to overcome the digital divide.

All journalists must enjoy the core labor rights Labor rights or workers' rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law. , including of freedom of association, as set forth in the conventions of the International Labor Organization International Labor Organization (ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations, with headquarters in Geneva. It was created in 1919 by the Versailles Treaty and affiliated with the League of Nations until 1945, when it voted to sever ties with the League. . In this regard, a particular attention should be given to media professionals' training.

A professional approach to journalistic practices is the most effective way to promote press freedom and ethics, so as to safeguard against government restrictions and pressures by interest groups. The creation of ethical norms is the sole responsibility of media professionals themselves.

Disputes involving the media and/or the media professionals in the exercise of their duties should be settled by an independent judicial system. Such disputes, including those involving defamation, should be tried by civil courts, not penal or military ones.

Marrakech Pre-Conference Roundtable on Community Media

Prior to the conference, members of the community media caucus led by AMARC AMARC World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters
AMARC Association Mondiale des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires
AMARC Aerospace Maintenance And Regeneration Center
AMARC Automatic Message Accounting Recording Center
AMARC Army Materiel Acquisition Review Committee
 hosted a roundtable discussion on November 21st 2004 that focused on Community Radios in Africa, with contributions and insights from Latin America Latin America, the Spanish-speaking, Portuguese-speaking, and French-speaking countries (except Canada) of North America, South America, Central America, and the West Indies. , Asia and the Middle East.

The purpose of the Roundtable was to facilitate an open dialogue among key stakeholders Stakeholders

All parties that have an interest, financial or otherwise, in a firm-stockholders, creditors, bondholders, employees, customers, management, the community, and the government.
 in the communications and development sectors concerning the achievement and monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals “MDG” redirects here. For other uses, see MDG (disambiguation).

The Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that 192 United Nations member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015.
.

At the end of the discussion, the members adopted a declaration on community media and sustainable development as follows:

We, community media practitioners and stakeholders, meeting in Marrakech, the 21 November 2004, at the first Round Table on Community Media and Sustainable Development;

Recognising that Community Media, that is media that are independent, community-driven and Civil Society- based, have a particular role to play in enabling access and participation for all to information and communications, especially the poorest and most marginalized communities;

Noting growing recognition of the crucial contribution that community media can make to the achievement of the goals of the Millennium Declaration and that Community Media can be vital enablers of information, voice, and capacities for dialogue; Recognising that legal, regulatory and policy frameworks that protect and enhance community media are especially critical for ensuring vulnerable groups access to information;

Call on Governments to ensure that legal frameworks for community media are non-discriminatory and provide for equitable allocation of frequencies through transparent and accountable mechanisms;

Call for targets to be established for the opening up of broadcast licensing to allow for the operation of community broadcasting where this is not currently permitted; Insist that spectrum planning and regulation should ensure sufficient spectrum and channel capacity, and appropriate technical standards, for community media to develop in both the analogue and digital environment;

Call for a donor-civil society partnership to invest in and support community-driven information and communication initiatives, using traditional media and new ICTs including projects that make provision for the poorest communities, for cultural and linguistic diversity and for the equal participation of women and girls;

Propose that this should include:

* Engagement of community media expertise in planning for media and ICT (1) (Information and Communications Technology) An umbrella term for the information technology field. See IT.

(2) (International Computers and Tabulators) See ICL.

1. (testing) ICT - In Circuit Test.
 investment around development,

* inclusion of a community media element in all ICT investment,

* establishment of a Development Fund for Community Radio in Africa,

* encouragement of national level funds for community media support;

And agree to establish a Task Force on Funding and Resourcing Community Media to take forward these proposals and to evaluate their implementation.

Adopted from Orbicom: www.orbicom.ugam.ca and AMARC website: www.amarc.org/roundtable

ROLE ET PLACE DES MEDIAS DANS LA SOCIETE DE L'INFORMATION:

DECLARATION ET PLAN D'ACTION DE MARRAKECH

Le Maroc a accueilli une conference internationale sur les questions de medias dans le cadre du suivi du Sommet Mondial Mondial can refer to:
  • Mondial (amusement ride manufacturer), a Dutch manufacturer of amusement rides.
  • Mondial (motorcyle manufacturer), an Italian motorcycle manufacturer.
 sur la Societe de l'Information (SMSI SMSI sommet mondial de la société de l'information
SMSI Strong Metal-Support Interaction
SMSI Simplified Message Service Interface
). La conference s'est tenue a Marrakech du 22 au 24 novembre 2004. Une centaine de representants d'organisations professionnelles internationales et regionales de medias, d'organisations non gouvernementales, (ONG ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale
ONG Organización No Gubernamental
ONG Organização Não-Governamental (Brazil)
ONG Organizzazione Non Governativa (Italian) 
) soucieuses de la libede d'expression et de la presse La Presse can refer to
  • La Presse (Canadian newspaper)
  • La Presse (French newspaper)
  • La Presse (Tunisian newspaper)
, ainsi que des Que.D (aka Q.Diesel) is a hip hop artist from Detroit, Michigan. He is known for his affiliation with Slum Village and world renowned producer and artist J Dilla, who also happens to be his cousin. He has released several twelve inch white labels with various record labels in the U.  specialistes et experts de medias du monde n. 1. The world; a globe as an ensign of royalty.
Le beau monde
fashionable society. See Beau monde.
Demi monde
See Demimonde.
 academique et de l'industrie mediatique ont debattu de la place et du role des medias dans la societe de l'information, plus padiculierement en Afrique et dans les Etats arabes. Le Ministere de la communication, le ministere de l'industrie, du commerce et des telecommunications du Maroc, ORBICOM et le Reseau ré·seau or re·seau  
n. pl. réseaus or réseaux
1. A net or mesh foundation for lace.

2. Astronomy
 International de l'UNESCO president cette conference qu'ils ont organisee conjointement. La conference de Marrakech etait destinee a servir d'activite de suivi a la premiere phase du SMSI (Geneve 2003) et la reunion La Reunion may refer to:
  • La Reunion (Dallas), a communal settlement near present-day Dallas, Texas
  • Réunion, an island in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar
 preparatoire a la seconde phase du Sommet (Tunis 2005).

LA conference de Marrakech a mis/accent sur les dispositions de la Declaration de Principes et des recommandations du Plan d'Action ayant specifiquement trait aux medias ainsi que celles susceptibles d'affecter l'exercice libre du journalisme. Aux fins de la conference, les questions ont ete regroupees dans les 7 themes suivants :

1. Place des medias dans la societe de l'information

2. Libede mediatique dans le cyber espace y compris la securite cyber.

3. Reduction du fosse numerique qui affecte les medias

4. Culture et medias

5. Femmes journalistes

6. Questions d'appropriation des medias

7. Gouvernance de l'lnternet : l'opinion des medias

Le point culminant cul·mi·nant  
adj.
1. Being at the highest altitude.

2. Reaching the highest point or degree; highest.
 de la conference etait l'adoption de la declaration et du plan daction suivants par les participants :

Nous, participants a la conference travaillant sur le suivi du Sommet Mondial de la Societe de l'nformation (SMSI) autour du theme "Le role et la place des medias dans la societe de l'nformation en Afrique et dans le monde arabe":

Cansiderons que l'article 19 de la Declaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme est une fondation essentielle de la societe de l'information. Il stipule: "Chaque personne a droit [French, Justice, right, law.] A term denoting the abstract concept of law or a right.

Droit is as variable a phrase as the English right or the Latin jus. It signifies the entire body of law or a right in terms of a duty or obligation.
 a la liberte d'opinion et d'expression ; ce droit comprend la liberte d'avoir des informations sans interference et de chercher, de recevoir et de communiquer les informations et les idees par n'importe quelle sorte de medias et sans Et Sans is an experimental rock band from Montreal, Quebec.

The band was formed by former Godspeed You! Black Emperor guitarist Roger Tellier-Craig and Alexandre St-Onge from the Shalabi Effect.
 distinction de frontieres".

Reaffirmons les principes des Declarations de Windhoek (1991) et de Sana'a (1996) sur la Promotion des medias independantes et pluralistes en Afrique et dans les Etats arabes, ainsi que ceux concernant les medias dans la Declaration de Principes adopte au SMSI en decembre 2003.

Declarons qu'il est temps de passer des promesses contenues dans l'article 19 a leur mise en ouvre universelle. La liberte d'expression et de la presse constituent les piliers de la Societe de l'Information en Afrique, dans la region arabe, et dans le reste du monde.

Toute personne, ou qu'elle se trouve, devrait avoir l'occasion de participer a la societe de l'information et d'en tirer profit. Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) ainsi que les medias doivent etre le pivot de l'acces equitable au developpement durable. L'Interner et d'autres nouvelles formes (language, music) Formes - An object-oriented language for music composition and synthesis, written in VLISP.

["Formes: Composition and Scheduling of Processes", X. Rodet & P. Cointe, Computer Music J 8(3):32-50 (Fall 1984)].
 de medias devraient jouir de la meme protection de la liberte d'expression que les medias traditionnels.

Le debat international autour de "la Gouvernance de l'Interner" devrait permettre une meilleure collaboration sur la gestion de l'Internet. Il ne devrait pas servir de pretexte pour reglementer le contenu des informations ou des informations par Internet. En particulier, les considerations liees a la securite et les exigences de la lutte contre le terrorisme ne devraient pas porter prejudice a la liberte d'expression et de la presse. Les fournisseurs de services Internet ne devraient pas etre tenus responsables du contenu des messages qu'ils diffusent.

Des representants des medias doivent s'engager comme partenaires a part entiere dans tout Tout

To promote a security in order to attract buyers.


tout

To foster interest in a particular company or security. For example, a broker might tout a security to a client in the hope that the client will purchase the security.
 systeme Interner de l'avenir.

La legislation domestique do·mes·tique  
n.
A member of a competitive bicycle-racing team whose role is to assist the team leader, as by setting the pace.



[French, servant, from Old French; see domestic.]
 doit garantir l'independance et le pluralisme des medias.

La fonction des medias de produire, de collecter, de verifier et de distribuer des informations et des contenus divers, y compris au niveau de la communaute, est vitale. Les cadres legaux et reglementaires sont absolument necessaires pour encourager les medias communautaires. A cette fin, ces dispositions devraient etre non-discriminatoires et permettre une allocation equitable des frequences par des mecanismes transparents.

Les mecanismes de radiotelevision controles par l'etat doivent etre transformes en des entites publiques ayant des statuts d'editoriaux independants dans lesquels les journalistes ont un statut autonome.

La Societe de l'Information devrait encourager la promotion des femmes et leur permettre d'acceder entierement et sur une base egale aux Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) ainsi qu'a leur utilisation.

La diversite culturelle ne devrait pas seulement etre preservee. Elle devrait etre entretenue. Il convient de faire particulierement attention a la situation des personnes indigenes pour sauvegarder leurs heritages linguistiques et culturels.

Les organisations privees et publiques, telles que les agences d'aide bilaterales et multilaterales ainsi que les fondations devraient accentuer la liberte de la presse et la liberte d'expression en financant les projets et programmes permettant de surmonter la fracture numerique.

Tous les journalistes doivent jouir des droits fondamentaux du travail TRAVAIL. The act of child-bearing.
     2. A woman is said to be in her travail from the time the pains of child-bearing commence until her delivery. 5 Pick. 63; 6 Greenl. R. 460.
     3.
, notamment la liberte d'association, tels qu'enonces dans les conventions de l'Organisation Internationale du Travail. A cet egard, une attention particuliere devrait etre accordee a la formation des professionnels des medias.

Une approche professionnelle des pratiques journalistiques est le moyen le plus efficace de promouvoir la liberte d'expression et d'ethiques, afin de se proteger contre les restrictions gouvernementales et les pressions des groupes d'interets. La creation de normes ethiques est exclusivement la responsabilite des professionnels de medias eux-memes.

Des disputes impliquant les medias ou les professionnels de medias dans l'exercice de leurs devoirs devraient etre resolues par un systeme judiciaire independant. De telles disputes, notamment celles liees a la diffamation, devraient etre jugees par des tribunaux civils et non ET NON. And not. These words are sometimes employed in pleading to convey a pointed denial. They have the same effect as without this, absque hoe. 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2981, note.  penaux ou militaires.

Table Ronde n. 1. (Print.) A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.  de Marrakech Preparatoire a la Conference sur les Medias Communautaires

Avant la conference, les membres du caucus des medias communautaires diriges par AMARC ont accueilli une discussion autour d'une table ronde le 21. La table ronde portait essentiellement sur les radios communautaires en Afrique, et elle a enregistre des contributions et les idees de l'Amerique latine, l'Asie et le MoyenOrient. L'objectif de la table ronde etait de faciliter un dialogue ouvert parmi les acteurs des secteurs de communications et de developpement en ce qui concerne la realisation et la surveillance des Objectifs de Developpement du Millenaire.

A la fin de la conference, les membres ont adopte une declaration sur les medias communautaires et le developpement durable en ces termes :

Declaration de cloture The procedure by which debate is formally ended in a meeting or legislature so that a vote may be taken.

Cloture is a means of terminating a filibuster, which is a prolonged speech on the floor of the Senate designed to forestall legislative action.
 de la Table Ronde sur les medias communautaires et le developpement durable

Marrakech, le 21 novembre 2004

Nous, praticiens et acteurs dans le secteur des medias communautaires, participant a la premiere table ronde sur les medias communautaires et le developpement durable tenue a Marrakech le 21 novembre 2004 ;

Reconnaissant que les medias communautaires, dest-a-dire des medias independants, geres par leurs communautes et etablis au sein de la societe civile, ont un role particulier a jouer afin de favoriser l'acces et la participation de tous, en particulier, des plus pauvres et des plus marginalises a l'information et aux communications ;

Notant la reconnaissance grandissante de la contribution primordiale que les medias communautaires peuvent apporter dans la realisation des Objectifs de la Declaration du Millenaire et que les medias communautaires peuvent etre de veritables facilitateurs d'information, de voix et des capacites de dialogue ;

Reconnaissant que les cadres regulateurs, legaux et politiques qui protegent et promeuvent les medias communautaires sont particulierement cruciaux pour garantir l'acces a l'information aux groupes vulnerables ;

Lancons un appel ap·pel  
n. Sports
A quick stamp of the foot used in fencing as a feint to produce an opening.



[French, from appeler, to call, from Old French apeler, to appeal; see
 aux gouvernements pour qu'ils garantissent que le cadre legal des medias communautaires est non-discriminatoire et qu'ils attribuent une allocation de frequences equitable a travers des mecanismes transparents et responsables ;

Demandons que des objectifs soient etablis pour l'ouverture de l'attribution des licences de radiodiffusion afin que la radiodiffusion communautaire puisse operer ta ou il n'est pas encore permis de le faire ;

Insistons pour que la planification et la regulation des bandes de frequences radioelectriques puissent garantir une capacite suffisante de spectre et de bande, et des standards techniques appropries, pour que les medias communautaires puissent se developper dans un environnement analogue et digital ;

Lancons un appel pour un partenariat entre les bailleurs de fonds et la societe civile pour investir et soutenir les initiatives d'information et de communication dirigees par les communautes, utilisant les medias traditionnels et les nouvelles technologies de l'information incluant les projets qui tiennent compte des communautes les plus pauvres, pour la diversite culturelle et linguistique et pour la participation egale des femmes et des filles ;

Proposons que celle-ci inclue :

* Un engagement de l'expertise des medias communautaires dans la planification d'un investissement dans les medias et les TIC ayant trait au developpement,

* l'integration du secteur des medias communautaires dans tous les investissements dans les TIC,

* l'etablissement d'un fonds de developpement pour les medias communautaires en Afrique,

* l'appui a l'etablissement de fonds au niveau national pour un soutien aux medias communautaires ;

et acceptons d'etablir une Equipe de Travail sur le financement et la recherche La Recherche is a monthly French language popular science magazine covering recent scientific news. It is published by the Société d'éditions scientifiques (the Scientific Publishing Group), a subsidiary of Financière Tallandier.  de ressources pour les medias communautaires afin de faire avancer ces propositions et pour evaluer leur realisation.

Adapte de Orbicom: www.orbicom.ugam.ca et du site web de AMARC: www.amarc.org/roundtable
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