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Return policy: sales of variable universal life insurance have been down for more than two years. A healthier stock market and new product guarantees may mean a rebound.


Is variable life insurance poised for a comeback Comeback

Australian breed of wool sheep, bred by crossing Merino with Corriedale, Polwarth or Zenith sheep; wool is 21 to 25 microns. It is a registered breed, but the term is more commonly used in the sense of a type of sheep produced by crossbreeding a crossbred Merino back to Merino.
? With equity markets up more than 20% in the second quarter, many life insurance writers are doubtlessly hoping that their most innovative and complicated instrument may be on the verge On the Verge (or The Geography of Yearning) is a play written by Eric Overmyer. It makes extensive use of esoteric language and pop culture references from the late nineteenth century to 1955.  of winning back the hearts of prospects across the United States United States, officially United States of America, republic (2005 est. pop. 295,734,000), 3,539,227 sq mi (9,166,598 sq km), North America. The United States is the world's third largest country in population and the fourth largest country in area. . But as of late July July: see month. , there was no more than a smattering of evidence that might be the case.

Sales of the product, which offers investment options in stocks, were hurt deeply by the three-year bear market that started in March 2000. While traditional fixed products, such as whole life, term and universal life, fared well during that period--enjoying a sales spike A burst of extra voltage in a power line that lasts only a few nanoseconds. See power surge, power swell, sag and surge suppression.

(jargon) spike - To defeat a selection mechanism by introducing a (sometimes temporary) device that forces a specific result.
, particularly after the terrorist attacks in September September: see month.  2001--variable life sales sank. According to according to
prep.
1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians.

2. In keeping with: according to instructions.

3.
 marketing and research organization Limra International, annualized annualized

Of or relating to a variable that has been mathematically converted to a yearly rate. Inflation and interest rates are generally annualized since it is on this basis that these two variables are ordinarily stated and compared.
 premium fell 35% in this year's first quarter from the same period in 2002. By contrast, UL premium was up 27% (on top of a 29% jump in the first quarter of 2001), whole life was up 10% (on top of a 12% gain), and term sales were up 1%. Variable life's first-quarter market share dropped to 19% from 28% in 2002 and 36% in 2000, said head researcher Elaine Elaine, in Arthurian legend: see Launcelot, Sir.

Elaine

disguises herself as Guinevere in order to seduce Lancelot. [Br. Lit.: Malory Le Mort d’Arthur]

See : Disguise


Elaine
 Tumicki, a Limra vice president.

Variable products are still too new to have a meaningful history of coming out of bear markets. Variable universal life insurance The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
, which currently accounts for about 95% of variable-life sales, was first sold in the mid 1980s by Prudential Prudential is the name of two different companies and buildings named after them:

Companies:
  • Prudential plc is a United Kingdom-based financial services company.
  • Prudential Financial, Inc.
 Insurance Company of America America [for Amerigo Vespucci], the lands of the Western Hemisphere—North America, Central (or Middle) America, and South America. The world map published in 1507 by Martin Waldseemüller is the first known cartographic use of the name.  and by the Equitable Life Equitable Life may refer to:
  • The Equitable Life Assurance Society, life insurance company in the United Kingdom
  • AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company, formerly the The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States
 Assurance Society of the U.S., Tumicki said. During the short bear market of 1990-91, market share was still in the single digits. But Limra records show that variable life's market share of new premium tracks the S&P 500 Index of stocks with a lag rime of several months. "It takes time for sales to respond to changes in the market, and there's a longer lag with a life product due to the underwriting Underwriting

1. The process by which investment bankers raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are issuing securities (both equity and debt).

2. The process of issuing insurance policies.
 process," she said. She added that she didn't did·n't  

Contraction of did not.


didn't did not
didn't do
 expect second-quarter sales results to show much improvement over the first quarter. Sales peaked during the first quarter of 2001, indicating a lag time in the beginning of the sales slump Slump

A temporary fall in performance, often describing consistently falling security prices for several weeks or months.
.

Risks and Rewards

Variable universal life policies offer policyholders the opportunity to invest in the stock market. But when the stock markets fall, VUL VUL Variable Universal Life
VUL Vulnerability (unit)
VUL Vulgar
 can exact special hardships on policyholders because falling cash values may mean there is no longer enough money to pay ongoing insurance costs.

A policyholder Policyholder

An individual who owns an insurance policy.
 may need to unexpectedly add money to prevent a contract from lapsing lapse  
v. lapsed, laps·ing, laps·es

v.intr.
1.
a. To fall from a previous level or standard, as of accomplishment, quality, or conduct:
. If cash value is borrowed from a contract that later lapses, the policyholder would have to pay income tax on the amount borrowed. If a policy lapses when the insured The person who obtains or is otherwise covered by insurance on his or her health, life, or property. The insured in a policy is not limited to the insured named in the policy but applies to anyone who is insured under the policy.


insured n.
 is no longer insurable in·sure  
v. in·sured, in·sur·ing, in·sures

v.tr.
1.
a. To provide or arrange insurance for: a company that insures homeowners and businesses.

b.
, the policyholder faces loss of premium already paid and may no longer be able to meet goals, such as estate liquidity, income protection and/or and/or  
conj.
Used to indicate that either or both of the items connected by it are involved.

Usage Note: And/or is widely used in legal and business writing.
 business coverages. Of course, a VUL with strong underlying investments can significantly increase the death benefit. It can also build up so much cash value that the owner can use it to supplement retirement income or to stop paying premiums.

Mindful mind·ful  
adj.
Attentive; heedful: always mindful of family responsibilities. See Synonyms at careful.



mind
 of the risks to policyholders, many insurers have added guarantees and enhancements to their VULs. The most common has been lapse (language) LAPSE - A single assignment language for the Manchester dataflow machine.

["A Single Assignment Language for Data Flow Computing", J.R.W. Glauert, M.Sc Diss, Victoria U Manchester, 1978].
 protection for a certain period or to age 100--regardless of the performance of investment options--provided a minimum stipulated premium is paid annually. These "bells and whistles A slang English term for exceptional features in some product. In the computer field, it typically refers to functions in software that may be greatly appreciated by some users, even though they may not be necessary most of the time. " have helped to restore confidence in VUL products, said Mark Freedman freed·man  
n.
A man who has been freed from slavery.


freedman
Noun

pl -men History a man freed from slavery

Noun 1.
, a partner in Ernst & Young's Insurance & Actuarial ac·tu·ar·y  
n. pl. ac·tu·ar·ies
A statistician who computes insurance risks and premiums.



[Latin
 Advisory Services advisory services

advisory services provided to the public, in their capacity as owners and managers of animals, are an important part of veterinary science. They may be provided by government bureaux, by commercial companies who deal in pharmaceuticals or animals or animal
 Group. "Policyholders pay different premium tracks due to the flexibility in the contracts," he said. "The contracts most exposed to this are those in the low-premium track."

Most contracts issued in recent years have these minimum cumulative-premium provisions, said Freedman. Older contracts without these provisions could be exposed, although some of these still have good cash values due to equity performance before the bear market, he added.

Many insurers also have enhanced contract flexibility, increased options and embarked on efforts encouraging producers and contract owners to employ sound investment fundamentals.

Preventing Policy Lapses

Lincoln Lincoln, city and district, England
Lincoln, city (1991 pop. 79,980) and district, Lincolnshire, E England, in the Parts of Kesteven, on the Witham River.
 National Life Insurance Co., the lead company in the Lincoln Financial Group, during the bear market added no-lapse guarantees of 10 or 20 years or to age 100. It also allows owners who don't don't  

1. Contraction of do not.

2. Nonstandard Contraction of does not.

n.
A statement of what should not be done: a list of the dos and don'ts.
 pay enough premium the option of "catching up" if they pay an interest rate of 4% on the shortfalls.

"What we have round marketable Marketable are securities that can be easily converted into cash. Such securities will generally have highly liquid markets allowing the security to be sold at a reasonable price very quickly.  is the concept of someone paying for a 10-year guarantee, and then later using the catch-up catch-up
n.
1. An approach or strategy intended to overcome a disadvantage or lead: The competition will be playing catch-up for the rest of the season.

2.
 to extend it to 20 years" said Steven Ste´ven

n. 1. Voice; speech; language.
Ye have as merry a steven
As any angel hath that is in heaven.
- Chaucer.

2. An outcry; a loud call; a clamor.
To set steven
to make an appointment.
 Roche n. 1. Rock. , vice president and variable-life business leader. "That has played out well."

The age-100 guarantee is the least chosen, partly because the minimum premium is so much higher and partly because the odds of a policy lapsing are less after the first 20 years, Roche said.

Lincoln also introduced tools and features to manage the product's short-term Short-term

Any investments with a maturity of one year or less.


short-term

1. Of or relating to a gain or loss on the value of an asset that has been held less than a specified period of time.
 volatility Volatility

1. A statistical measure of the tendency of a market or security to rise or fall sharply within a period of time.

2. A variable in option pricing formulas that denotes the extent to which the return of the underlying asset will fluctuate between now and the
 and risk. One feature has been to increase the usability How easy something is to use. Both software and Web sites can be tested for usability. Considering how difficult applications are to use and Web sites are to navigate, one would wish that more designers took this seriously. See user interface and usability lab.  of the product's fixed-account option, which pays higher rates than a money-market option, but which people have hesitated using due to liquidity restrictions. Lincoln increased the percentage policyholders can move annually to another investment option from the fixed account, and it extended the time frame in which they can do it each year. This has led to more use of the fixed account, Roche said.

The company also has been publicizing pub·li·cize  
tr.v. pub·li·cized, pub·li·ciz·ing, pub·li·ciz·es
To give publicity to.

Noun 1. publicizing - the business of drawing public attention to goods and services
advertising
 virtues some people may have given up during the late 1990s bull market--dollar-cost averaging and asset allocation--and it has improved software packages and online service capabilities, including access to account values and online transfer among funds. Recently, the company has offered an enhanced interest rate for the fixed account if owners agree within 12 months to dollar-cost-average money in the account into other account options. As of late July, the rate was 10%.

Lastly, Lincoln has allowed policyholders to choose the fund(s) from which policy expenses will be drawn each month. These deductions originally came from each fund on a pro rata [Latin, Proportionately.] A phrase that describes a division made according to a certain rate, percentage, or share.

In a Bankruptcy case, when the debtor is insolvent, creditors generally agree to accept a pro rata share of what is owed to them.
 basis, which forced policyholders to sell more shares from fund options that were down in price. Being forced to sell more shares when they are low works the opposite of dollar-cost averaging dollar-cost averaging

Investment of a fixed amount of money at regular intervals, usually each month. This process results in the purchase of extra shares during market downturns and fewer shares during market upturns.
, Roche pointed out, thereby offsetting the benefits of that investment strategy. Owners now may pay expenses from options of their choice, including the fixed account, Roche said.

These changes mitigated mit·i·gate  
v. mit·i·gat·ed, mit·i·gat·ing, mit·i·gates

v.tr.
To moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate. See Synonyms at relieve.

v.intr.
To become milder.
 Lincoln's downturn Downturn

The transition point between a rising, expanding economy to a falling, contracting one.


downturn

A decline in security prices or economic activity following a period of rising or stable prices or activity.
 in VUL sales, which were 40% lower in the first quarter of 2003 than they were in the same period three years earlier, Roche said. That sales falloff fall·off  
n.
A reduction or decrease: a falloff in car sales.

Noun 1. falloff - a noticeable deterioration in performance or quality; "the team went into a slump"; "a gradual slack in
 amounts to a 12% or 13% compounded rate of loss over the three years, which is much better than other companies' sales, he said. Roche said he expects a lag before sales actually improve, and he said "anecdotal evidence anecdotal evidence,
n information obtained from personal accounts, examples, and observations. Usually not considered scientifically valid but may indicate areas for further investigation and research.
 from people in our underwriting and new-business departments indicates more activity."

Lincoln's lapse rate lapse rate
n.
The rate of decrease of atmospheric temperature with increase in altitude.



lapse rate  

The rate of change of any meteorological phenomenon, especially atmospheric temperature with altitude.
 hasn't has·n't  

Contraction of has not.


hasn't has not
hasn't have
 changed much, though Roche said there has been a slight increase in replacement activity from Lincoln VULs to the company's UL product. He said Lincoln has a young VUL book of business, which tends to stay in force due to higher surrender charges Surrender Charge

A fee levied on a life insurance policyholder upon cancellation of his or her life insurance policy. The fee is used to cover the costs of keeping the insurance policy on the insurance provider's books.
 in the early years. Overall, Lincoln has had strong sales during the bear market because of a diversified diversified (di·verˑ·s  product line, including term insurance, UL and whole lift, said Roche. These products were already on the shelf and provided distributors a quick and effective alternative to variable insurance, he said.

Benefits of Flexibility

Hartford Hartford, city (1990 pop. 139,739), state capital, Hartford co., central Conn., on the west bank of the Connecticut River; settled as Newtown 1635–36 on the site of a Dutch trading post (1633; abandoned 1654), inc. 1784.  Life Insurance Co. didn't have a UL product and felt compelled to introduce one during the bear market due to consumer demand. But when Bob Kerzner, executive vice president, individual life, talks about the two products, it's it's  

1. Contraction of it is.

2. Contraction of it has. See Usage Note at its.


it's it is or it has
it's be ~have
 clear where his allegiance allegiance, in political terms, the tie that binds an individual to another individual or institution. The term usually refers to a person's legal obligation of obedience to a government in return for the protection of that government, although it may have reference  lies: with VUL.

"If everyone wants certainty CERTAINTY, UNCERTAINTY, contracts. In matters of obligation, a thing is certain, when its essence, quality, and quantity, are described, distinctly set forth, Dig. 12, 1, 6. It is uncertain, when the description is not that of one individual object, but designates only the kind. Louis. , and interest rates remain so low, then how will any of us be able to retire retire v. 1) to stop working at one's occupation. 2) to pay off a promissory note, and thus "retire" the loan. 3) for a jury to go into the jury room to decide on a verdict after all evidence, argument and jury instructions have been completed. ?" Kerzner asked. "When you look at life insurance as part of an accumulation plan Accumulation Plan

1) A general financial strategy in which an investor attempts to build the value of their portfolio to a desired size.

2) In the context of mutual funds, a formal arrangement in which the investor contributes a specified amount of money to the fund on a
, executive compensation, business insurance, or broader planning where you might want the cash value available for retirement, then sometime during the next 20 or 30 years, we will see the growth in equity markets." If you want upside potential Upside potential

The amount by which analysts or investors expect the price of a security may increase.


upside potential

The potential price or gain that may be expected in a security or in a security average, generally stated as the dollar
, then VUL for those kinds of sales will remain the product of choice. If you want just the death benefit, then the current UL products with guarantees do a great job in fulfilling that, he added.

Kerzner almost grudgingly grudg·ing  
adj.
Reluctant; unwilling.



grudging·ly adv.

Adv. 1.
 admits Hartford needed to have a full portfolio of products to give customers a full choice. But ironically i·ron·ic   also i·ron·i·cal
adj.
1. Characterized by or constituting irony.

2. Given to the use of irony. See Synonyms at sarcastic.

3.
, once Hartford offered a UL policy, many buyers still chose the VUL, he said. "Now at least they've they've  

Contraction of they have.

they've have
 been able to appraise appraise v. to professionally evaluate the value of property including real estate, jewelry, antique furniture, securities, or in certain cases the loss of value (or cost of replacement) due to damage.  for themselves the differences and come to the right conclusion," said Kerzner.

In fact, a feature of the Hartford UL plan is that it allows policy holders to convert to VUL. "That's how committed we are," Kerzner said. "We think some people who bought UL with certainty will wish they were on a different train and have the ability to move over to another track."

Kerzner's pro-VUL stance stance

the posture or position.


sawhorse stance
see sawhorse posture.


stance A body position. See Pugilistic stance.
 stems from the conviction that clients ought to preserve flexibility. "People forget that within VUL, you have fixed alternatives," he said. "You can decide to sit on the bench and wait for the right time. With a fixed product, you've you've  

Contraction of you have.


you've you have
you've have
 given up flexibility. Some VUL clients didn't necessarily lose money. They may have switched to fixed or money-market accounts and then held tight. But with fixed contracts bought 10 years ago, interest rates have done nothing but go down. Many are at the contractual minimum now. Policyholders are disappointed, but there's nothing they can do about it."

Kerzner said that the mistake people make when buying life insurance is that since they face a 20-year to 40-year horizon, they let the current market environment "far too greatly impact" their long-term Long-term

Three or more years. In the context of accounting, more than 1 year.


long-term

1. Of or relating to a gain or loss in the value of a security that has been held over a specific length of time. Compare short-term.
 buying decision. "VUL was the place to be in the bottom of the bear market if stocks are the place to be 30 years from now," he said.

But like Lincoln, Hartford saw the need to add guarantees. Hartford no-lapse provisions are for 20 years or a lifetime. People who fund their VULs too lightly might want to pay that excess charge to get the guarantee, Kerzner said. If clients are funding at high levels, they may hot need to pay a charge.

Hartford fared better in VUL sales during the bear market than the industry as a whole. Kerzner said the company finished 2002 as the top seller of VUL, up from fourth the year before. Policy lapses were higher, but "almost imperceptibly im·per·cep·ti·ble  
adj.
1. Impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses: an imperceptible drop in temperature.

2.
," Kerzner said, because so much of Hartford's business is written in trusts. Clients therefore tend to be sophisticated and take a long-term view in how to structure the trusts. But be admitted the past two years have been difficult for the company.

In addition to adding guarantees, Hartford has undertaken a formal program to urge its independent distributors to "systematically and regularly" review policies. Called the "Compass Program," it provides a service that measures actual performance of a policy against the illustration at the time of the sale.

On Aug. 1, 2003, Hartford added investment managers American Funds
The neutrality of this section is disputed.
Please see the discussion on the talk page.
, MFS MFS Medicare fee schedule  and Franklin Franklin, cities, United States
Franklin.

1 City (1990 pop. 12,907), seat of Johnson co., S central Ind., inc. 1823. It is a farm trade center. Manufactures include auto parts, aluminum doors and windows, and copper panels.
 Templeton Templeton

self-centered rat. [Children’s Lit.: Charlotte’s Web]

See : Egotism
 to its VUL policies. They joined investment managers Putnam Put·nam   , Israel 1718-1790.

American soldier active in the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. During the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), he supposedly issued the order, "Don't one of you shoot until you see the whites of their
 and Wellington Wellington, city (1996 pop. 157,647; urban agglomeration 334,051), capital of New Zealand, extreme S North Island, on Port Nicholson, an inlet of Cook Strait. .

Expecting an Uptick Uptick

A transaction occurring at price above its previous transaction. In order for an uptick to occur, a transaction price must be followed by an increased transaction price.


Ameritas Life Insurance Corp., a small company based in Lincoln, Neb., views the current uncertain economic climate as an opportunity. Patty Reiners, manager of adviser services, expects a sales uptick in the fall. Ameritas distributes no-load no-load
adj. Business
Sold directly to customers at net asset value without a sales commission: a no-load mutual fund. 
 and low-load variable products through noncommissioned Non`com`mis´sioned

a. 1. Not having a commission.
Noncommissioned officer
(Mil.) a subordinate officer not appointed by a commission from the chief executive or supreme authority of the State; but by the Secretary of War or by
 independent financial advisers, a rare distribution strategy in the variable marketplace.

"We've we've  

Contraction of we have.

we've have
 gotten an indication that there's renewed re·new  
v. re·newed, re·new·ing, re·news

v.tr.
1. To make new or as if new again; restore: renewed the antique chair.

2.
 interest in VUL based on the number of advisers and consumers calling for proposals," said Reiners. "There is a lag time, but people are starting to get more comfortable."

Ameritas' low costs didn't protect its VUL line from the bear market. Reiners said sales were "down considerably."

On the plus side, Ameritas Life's no-surrender-charge/no-sales-load products have highlighted the expense structures of policies, Reiners said. "With load policies, you're you're  

Contraction of you are.


you're you are
you're be
 looking at a long time recovery."

In July 2002, the company launched a new version of its no-load UL policy, originally introduced in 1986. Reiners said Ameritas refashioned its UL policy not to diversify diversify

To acquire a variety of assets that do not tend to change in value at the same time. To diversify a securities portfolio is to purchase different types of securities in different companies in unrelated industries.
 its bear-market lineup A criminal investigation technique in which the police arrange a number of individuals in a row before a witness to a crime and ask the witness to identify which, if any, of the individuals committed the crime.  but rather to better reflect lower mortality experience. "It just happened to be a good time in the market for a fixed product," she said.

But the bear market has not shaken
This article is about the throwing blades. For the Japanese motor vehicle inspection scheme, see Shaken (Car Inspection).


Shaken (車剣, also known as kurumaken) are a type of Shuriken
 Ameritas' confidence in VUL because the concept is based on the long-term performance of the equity markets, not as a short-term investment vehicle.

"As interest rates rail and the market turns up, people are seeing reasons to tare tare (târ), name sometimes used as a synonym for any vetch, most frequently for the common vetch. The tare of the Scriptures, a weed of grainfields and considered a seed of evil, is thought to have been the unrelated darnel (see rye grass).  a second look at VUL," Reiners said. "The challenge for UL now is low interest rates."

Wild Cards Symbols used to represent any value when selecting specific files. In DOS, Windows and Unix, the asterisk (*) represents any collection of characters, and the question mark (?) represents one single character. In SQL, the percent sign (%) and underscore (_) are used for matching text.  of the Economy

Of course, VUL products could sustain more serious damage if the stock markets' recovery is not sustainable. The worst case would be a prolonged pro·long  
tr.v. pro·longed, pro·long·ing, pro·longs
1. To lengthen in duration; protract.

2. To lengthen in extent.
 period of deflation deflation: see inflation.
deflation

Contraction in the volume of available money or credit that results in a general decline in prices. A less extreme condition is known as disinflation.
. Also bad for long-term investors Long-term investor

A person who makes investments for a period of at least five years in order to finance his or her long-term goals.
 would be a secular Secular

An adjective used to describe a long-term time frame, usually at least 10 years.

Notes:

For example, in his book "Stocks For the Long Run", Jeremy Siegel (finance professor at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania) argues that equity securities
 bear market, which usually lasts 10 to 15 years. The most recent secular bear market occurred from 1966 to 1982. Cyclical cyclical

Of or relating to a variable, such as housing starts, car sales, or the price of a certain stock, that is subject to regular or irregular up-and-down movements.
 bull markets typically occur during a secular bear, but stocks have little or no gain to show from a secular bear's beginning point to end point.

Deflation would cause stock prices and bonds' interest rates to fall much more, said Ernst & Young's Freedman. This would hurt not only VUL, but some of the fixed products like UL and participating whole life. Deflation could cause term sales to pick up, he added.

Deflation could hurt insurers more than by causing sales losses. Minimum premium guarantees would eventually come into the money and cost insurers' profitability, Freedman said. A secular bear would clearly hurt variable products "as people seem to shy away from Verb 1. shy away from - avoid having to deal with some unpleasant task; "I shy away from this task"
avoid - stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something; "Her former friends now avoid her"
 stocks in these situations," he said.

Kerzner of Hartford Life said market cycles are "more of a pendulum" and that "what we ought to be betting on is the American American, river, 30 mi (48 km) long, rising in N central Calif. in the Sierra Nevada and flowing SW into the Sacramento River at Sacramento. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of  economy." People should question whether they ought to bet on market conditions that have only a limited chance of occurring, he said. But even if negative conditions occur, owners of VUL policies can "head for the hills" in limited-risk options and then be well poised for an uptick, he said.

Lincoln National Life's Roche said predicting what would happen to the VUL business as a whole under prolonged adverse market conditions is difficult, "but it's sale to say a long-term bear market wouldn't would·n't  

Contraction of would not.


wouldn't would not
wouldn't would
 be good for VUL sales." All financial institutions would be impacted "by ways we can't anticipate," as would the bond markets, he said.

Tumicki of Limra said the recent economic conditions have illustrated the importance of insurers having a balanced portfolio of products with some appropriate for any kind of environment. "Theoretically, VUL could be appropriate under many conditions," she said. "But the companies that have fared best the past couple of years have paid attention to all kinds of products and kept a fixed product available even when VUL was selling the best." She said a prolonged economic downturn would have a "snowball effect For other uses, see Snowball (disambiguation).

Snowball effect is a figurative term for a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself, becoming larger (graver, more serious), and perhaps potentially dangerous or disastrous (a
" on many parts of the financial-services industry, not just on one kind of product.
Top Life Writers By Line

Ordinary Life Average Policy
Size and Lapse Ratios,
Top Writers--2002                  pg 86

Total Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 88

Total Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 88

Group Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 90

Group Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 90

Term Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 90

Term Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002             pg 90

Credit Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002            pg 92

Credit Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002            pg 92

Ordinary Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002            pg 92

Ordinary Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002            pg 92

To access these statistical studies online visit www.bestweek.com and
click on "Statistical Studies." The full statistical studies and the
data in spreadsheet format can be downloaded at the site. There is a
fee to non-BestWeek subscribers. For more information, call customer
service (908) 439-2200, ext. 5742.

Ordinary Life Average Policy Size and Lapse Ratios, Top Writers--2002
Rank is based on the amount of total ordinary life issued in 2002.

($ Thousands)

Rank   Group Name                        AMB#   Issued in 2002

   1   Northwestern Mutual Group        69515      $94,687,363
   2   Citigroup                        70128       88,081,055
   3   Amer Intl Group                  70342       86,322,870
   4   GE Finl Assur Group              69555       81,571,420
   5   State Farm Group                 70126       78,729,773

   6   Business Men's Assur Co          06175       74,106,859
   7   Aegon USA Inc                    69707       72,067,603
   8   Metropolitan Life & Affil        70192       70,385,411
   9   New York Life Group              69714       69,461,017
  10   Protective Life Corp             69728       67,918,415

  11   Zurich Ins Group                 70130       64,447,757
  12   Allstate Finl                    70106       52,581,100
  13   Legal & Gen America Inc          69539       48,673,203
  14   Prudential of America Group      70189       40,709,392
  15   CNA Ins Group                    70110       38,079,897

  16   John Hancock Finl Svcs Group     70170       36,778,511
  17   Mass Mutual Finl Group           69702       36,662,277
  18   Sammons Finl Group               69731       36,459,661
  19   Lincoln Natl Corp                70351       35,191,809
  20   Torchmark Corp                   70265       25,015,465

  21   Guardian Life                    69685       24,291,957
  22   USAA Life Group                  70364       22,804,810
  23   Scor Life US Group               70253       22,179,817
  24   Equitable Group                  70194       20,712,152
  25   MONY Group                       70198       18,622,766

       Total U.S. L/H Stock Cos                 $1,423,468,372
       Total U.S. L/H Mutual Cos                  $325,425,826
       Total U.S. L/H Industry                  $1,748,894,198
       Total U.S. L/H Fraternal Cos                $21,274,346
       Total U.S. L/H & Fraternal Cos           $1,770,168,544

                       Average Policy Issued

Rank       2002       2001       2000       1999       1998

   1   $359,966   $349,674   $330,502   $287,205   $269,359
   2    244,067    231,303    218,059    202,657    187,324
   3     93,151     88,739     77,672     68,577     63,725
   4    374,674    328,990    343,301    307,058    273,777
   5     98,646     98,335    100,618     88,379     86,844

   6     54,132     36,044     36,149     29,115     35,602
   7    150,782    135,773    195,176    166,596    109,834
   8    233,242    198,763    179,909    177,330    170,692
   9    223,225    193,495    190,218    196,466    183,864
  10    343,618    254,872    259,584    207,699    178.401

  11    233,693    232,130    204,139    187,280    188,167
  12    185,802    186,433    197,442    179,609    143,967
  13    567,644    513,773    424,368    447,519    478,747
  14    269,513    196,381    181,979    164,423    152,470
  15    544,979    424,409    492,245    405,035    206,515

  16    546,827    540,416    498,107    399,732    341,733
  17    497,318    449,705    432,111    375,336    323,522
  18    288,335    304,211    272,260    246,110    226,024
  19    516,297    499,108    449,837    436,737    326,730
  20     20,075     22,375     21,538     18,010     15,052

  21    470,355    433,470    414,002    347,468    310,276
  22    336,186    278,405    238,799    230,625    221,405
  23     67,676     32,345    177,816     18,445      5,035
  24    453,160    454,995    435,633    397,248    355,400
  25    374,862    326,082    326,695    269,100    225,749

       $110,952   $107,096   $128,859   $107,418    $98,086
       $184,593   $165,625   $163,710   $155,636   $146,709
       $119,848   $114,430   $133,266   $113,186   $104,052
        $70,486    $69,024    $67,074    $64,454    $60,699
       $118,848   $113,343   $131,572   $111,864   $102,807

                     Average Policy In Force

Rank       2002       2001       2000       1999       1998

   1   $161,667   $151,218   $140,706   $130,732   $121,924
   2    103,649    130,404    150,720    142,292    137,776
   3     35,388     29,462     26,217     39,604     36,340
   4    250,613    245,652    219,398    180,156    162,938
   5     73,838     71,362     68,240     64,997     62,832

   6     41,742     36,047     35,159     34,358     36,636
   7     48,640     59,753     59,435     53,721     52,192
   8     43,541     44,362     54,093     46,741     45,325
   9    112,261    100,608     95,678     90,629     85,310
  10    159,065    139,790    124,250    107,940     88,476

  11    169,329    160,588    150,894    146,405    141,986
  12    126,337    122,087    114,302    110,193    101,674
  13    347,390    305,871    265,163    214,706    134,702
  14     40,481     37,689     37,136     34,919     33,150
  15    253,479     68,382     68,174     87,167     91,981

  16     78,498     68,131     59,592     47,158     40,978
  17    153,580    139,427    128,495    118,535    109,348
  18    181,476    169,940    156,711    146,070    136,064
  19     93,172     82,748     75,219     84,901     60,282
  20     16,186     15,960     15,481     14,668     14,006

  21     44,540     40,797     36,283     44,268     28,091
  22    205,977    191,302    181,062    172,930    164,796
  23     24,616     12,772      6,407      7,430      6,763
  24     44,278     38,556     41,549     59,582     59,272
  25    122,060    108,771     95,400     82,896     76,898

        $53,041    $49,840    $47,209    $48,819    $48,472
        $86,577    $80,443    $75,041    $70,558    $59,680
        $56,175    $52,755    $49,943    $51,229    $50,015
        $36,739    $34,687    $32,841    $31,474    $30,285
        $55,735    $52,312    $49,502    $50,644    $49,379

            Lapse Ratio Published

Rank   2002   2001   2000   1999   1998

   1    4.3    4.3    4.7    4.7    4.4
   2    9.3    8.9    9.5    9.5    9.3
   3    7.7    7.6   13.0    9.7    9.4
   4    4.4    4.5    7.6    8.5    8.5
   5    7.1    7.2    7.9    8.2    7.1

   6    9.0    9.2   10.1   11.6   11.2
   7    6.1    8.0    8.7    9.0    8.7
   8    8.0    9.0    8.9    9.9    8.3
   9    6.1    6.3    6.6    6.4    7.2
  10    5.5    5.8    6.6    8.6    9.2

  11    6.8    7.8    9.4    9.3    9.2
  12   10.0    8.1    9.9   10.9    8.8
  13    5.5    4.9    5.9    0.7   10.5
  14    7.3    6.8    5.0    6.3    7.5
  15   23.7   18.4    8.1    7.5    6.9

  16    5.2    4.7    6.9    6.1    5.8
  17    6.3    5.0    6.0    6.0    6.3
  18    6.0    5.8    7.2    8.1    8.8
  19    7.8   15.8    7.6   13.0    8.2
  20   15.6   15.8   14.7   14.5   14.6

  21    6.4    6.1    2.6    8.2   19.8
  22    2.2    2.2    2.8    2.8    2.3
  23    5.8    0.3   14.8   10.6   14.3
  24    7.2    6.5    6.7    6.7    6.7
  25    6.8    7.0    8.3    8.3    8.4

        7.9    8.9    7.9    8.8    7.9
        5.9    5.6    6.0    6.3    7.8
        7.6    8.4    7.7    8.4    7.9
        4.3    4.9    5.3    5.6    6.0
        7.6    8.3    7.6    8.3    7.9

           Renewal Premium Persistency

Rank    2002   2001    2000   1999   1998

   1    94.0   93.5    94.4   94.8   95.3
   2    88.9   87.7    86.6   88.9   89.0
   3    81.8   82.3    85.6   87.4   80.3
   4    89.6   87.0    88.9   87.6   85.2
   5    92.5   91.4    89.8   91.9   91.3

   6    90.8   90.0    87.6   85.6   82.4
   7    80.9   78.0    84.6   82.3   82.6
   8    75.3   96.3    87.3   86.2   85.6
   9    78.6   87.2    78.1   69.9   87.9
  10    79.3   76.8    76.9   69.1   78.6

  11    90.3   95.3    80.9   88.7   87.5
  12    86.6   84.8    87.9   85.8   85.3
  13    91.0   81.1   101.6   86.6   84.1
  14    86.9   87.6    88.5   94.6   73.0
  15    87.2   84.1    89.5   83.2   83.2

  16    84.1   86.1    81.7   85.5   89.2
  17    85.5   86.6    88.6   90.7   90.5
  18    86.7   85.3    87.1   85.7   85.7
  19    53.1   53.5    47.4   68.3   66.9
  20    87.3   86.7    88.0   88.8   89.5

  21    99.0   92.4    93.6   94.0   86.9
  22    97.2   93.4    79.4   69.7   44.6
  23    93.2    5.8    57.2   82.1   97.0
  24    79.7   79.8    85.4   84.4   84.1
  25    84.3   86.3    89.8   89.7   92.1

        82.3   80.4    82.2   80.2   79.8
        84.9   86.7    85.6   83.5   89.1
        82.9   81.9    83.0   81.0   81.9
        85.6   90.4    89.2   89.0   88.0
        83.0   82.1    83.2   81.2   82.1

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003

Total Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002

Total life insurance includes ordinary life, group life,
credit life and industrial life.

($ Thousands)

                                                                     %
Rank   Group Name                      AMB#          In Force   Change

   1   Metropolitan Life & Affil      70192    $2,977,694,235      8.7
   2   Prudential of America Group    70189     1,439,951,475      3.8
   3   Swiss Reins Group              70176     1,187,576,787     -3.1
   4   ING Group                      70153     1,093,398,369      1.9
   5   Aegon USA Inc                  69707       959,080,262      4.6

   6   Amer Intl Group                70342       844,985,465      8.5
   7   Lincoln National Corp          70351       793,638,601     12.5
   8   Hartford Life Inc              70116       760,463,945      6.8
   9   Northwestern Mutual Group      69515       751,164,441      8.7
  10   UnumProvident Group            69743       681,911,714      9.9

  11   GE Finl Assur Group            69555       677,142,950     -2.5
  12   New York Life Group            69714       656,619,354      8.9
  13   Employers Re Group             70214       628,836,643     46.8
  14   CNA Ins Group                  70110       619,680,964     -5.1
  15   Citigroup                      70128       568,642,672      9.3

  16   State Farm Group               70126       516,908,036      7.6
  17   Cigna Corp                     70173       491,214,866    -15.7
  18   Zurich Ins Group               70130       471,233,631      8.3
  19   Allstate Finl                  70106       463,376,416      3.7
  20   Munich Amer Reassur Co          6746       444,345,172     14.5

  21   Aetna Inc                      70202       412,033,163     -3.9
  22   MassMutual Finl Group          69702       355,342,791      8.4
  23   John Hancock Finl Svs Group    70170       343,403,241     10.6
  24   Minnesota Mutual Group         69763       342,437,696     15.4
  25   Equitable Group                70194       308,297,103      0.2

       Top 25 Life Writers                    $18,789,379,992      5.8
       Total U.S. Life Industry               $26,831,568,365      6.1

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Total Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002

Total life insurance includes ordinary life, group life,
credit life and industrial life.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                        AMB#           Issued   Change

   1   Metropolitan Life & Affil        70192     $219,461,657      8.3
   2   Amer Intl Group                  70342      150,755,512     23.4
   3   UnumProvident Group              69743      131,737,141     -6.1
   4   Citigroup                        70128       94,889,750      8.9
   5   Northwestern Mutual Grout        69515       94,687,363      6.8

   6   GE Finl Assur Group              69555       91,367,295     31.2
   7   Prudential of America Group      70189       89,515,102    -13.5
   8   Hartford Life Inc                70116       88,513,599     -8.3
   9   Aegon USA Inc                    69707       86,014,277     12.7
  10   CNA Ins Group                    70110       84,129,211    -44.9

  11   New York Life Group              69714       82,285,409     14.2
  12   State Farm Group                 70126       79,327,989     -7.3
  13   Business Men's Assur Co          06175       74,278,168     86.1
  14   Protective Life Corp             69728       72,550,779     60.7
  15   Zurich Ins Group                 70130       66,663,536     -7.7

  16   Allstate Finl                    70106       65,745,954     -3.6
  17   Legal & General America Inc      69539       48,676,565     18.6
  18   Guardian Life                    69685       46,851,626     10.8
  19   Aetna Inc                        70202       45,526,409      0.4
  20   Minnesota Mutual Group           69763       45,375,938    -19.4

  21   MassMutual Finl Group            69702       43,354,605     11.6
  22   John Hancock Finl Svcs Group     70170       42,588,734    -28.1
  23   Fortis Inc                       70135       41,614,848    -44.1
  24   Standard Ins Group               70398       41,039,819     -9.7
  25   Jefferson-Pilot Corp             70156       40,899,180     30.6

       Top 25 Life Writers                      $1,967,850,466      0.6
       Total U.S. Life Industry                 $2,904,231,618     -0.9

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Group Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002

Group life insurance most often is issued to a group of
employees, but it may be issued to any group, provided
that it is not formed for the purpose of buying insurance.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#          In Force   Change

   1   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192     1,573,992,865      5.6
   2   Prudential of America Group     70189       960,730,335      3.8
   3   UnumProvident Group             69743       625,830,732     10.1
   4   Hartford Life Inc               70116       433,390,657     18.3
   5   Aetna Inc                       70202       407,502,294     -3.8

   6   Cigna Corp                      70173       383,976,478    -17.8
   7   ING Group                       70153       266,757,553      1.8
   8   Minnesota Mutual Group          69763       265,938,499     18.3
   9   Amer Intl Group                 70342       257,394,243      9.9
  10   Standard Ins Group              70398       192,519,055     35.1

  11   CNA Ins Group                   70110       188,146,261     33.0
  12   New York Life Group             69714       168,826,330     18.5
  13   Sun Life Finl Group             69740       123,452,192    -12.7
  14   Fortis Inc                      70135       108,830,185     -0.1
  15   Health Care Srvc Corp           69584       108,544,803     -3.7

  16   Zurich Ins Group                70130       100,428,106      0.5
  17   Jefferson-Pilot Corp            70156        95,612,553     62.4
  18   Reliance Standard Life Group    69825        94,646,790     21.0
  19   John Hancock Finl Srvcs Group   70170        88,056,769      3.6
  20   Guardian Life                   69685        85,018,247      6.1

  21   Principal Life Ins Co           06150        71,843,981      1.9
  22   Canada Life Assur Group         69653        70,130,901      8.3
  23   GE Finl Assur Group             69555        66,145,467     -1.6
  24   WellPoint Health Networks Inc   70064        65,867,872     -8.8
  25   Mutual of Omaha Group           70203        65,021,235    -19.4

       Top 25 Life Writers                      $6,868,604,403      5.5
       Total U.S. Life Industry                 $8,038,155,248      3.1

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Term Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002

Term life insurance provides protection for a specified
period of time. It pays a benefit only if the insured's
death occurs during the coverage period.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#          In Force   Change

   1   Swiss Reins Group               70176    $1,040,716,130      5.2
   2   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192       905,269,829     16.0
   3   Aegon USA Inc                   69707       647,497,563      8.6
   4   Lincoln National Corp           70351       615,715,174     15.6
   5   ING Group                       70153       578,927,599      2.4

   6   Employers Re Group              70214       535,692,777     49.6
   7   Citigroup                       70128       501,246,181      9.3
   8   GE Finl Assur Group             69555       429,469,210    154.3
   9   CNA Ins Group                   70110       382,481,000     -7.4
  10   Northwestern Mutual Group       69515       377,961,386     11.6

  11   Munich Amer Reassur Co          06746       357,260,875     17.5
  12   State Farm Group                70126       319,087,548      9.9
  13   Amer Intl Group                 70342       309,776,861     15.5
  14   Zurich Ins Group                70130       276,323,552     15.8
  15   Allstate Finl                   70106       264,980,250      1.7

  16   Allianz Ins Group               70187       230,705,006     18.4
  17   Prudential of America Group     70189       202,519,803     12.1
  18   New York Life Group             69714       193,769,730      9.5
  19   Business Men's Assur Co         06175       192,290,503     42.4
  20   Amer United Life Group          70399       181,542,639      7.2

  21   Legal & General America Inc     69539       165,104,465     30.5
  22   Sammons Finl Group              69731       147,000,260     17.8
  23   Manulife Finl                   69542       145,244,797      2.3
  24   Berkshire Hathaway Group        70158       122,415,085      3.3
  25   USAA Life Group                 70364       118,414,980     15.2

       Top 25 Life Writers                      $9,241,413,203     15.0
       Total U.S. Life Industry                $11,655,563,990     14.4

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Group Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002

Group life insurance most often is issued to a group of
employees, but it may be issued to any group, provided
that it is not formed for the purpose of buying insurance.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#            Issued   Change

   1   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192      $149,076,246      4.4
   2   UnumProvident Group             69743       121,820,188     -6.5
   3   Hartford Life Inc               70116        74,287,263     -9.9
   4   Amer Intl Group                 70342        54,953,476     91.7
   5   Prudential of America Group     70189        48,655,810    -36.2

   6   CNA Ins Group                   70110        46,049,314    -63.0
   7   Aetna Inc                       70202        45,472,063      0.4
   8   Standard Ins Group              70398        41,017,251     -9.6
   9   ING Group                       70153        38,024,231     11.3
  10   Minnesota Mutual Group          69763        31,576,681    -28.3

  11   Cigna Corp                      70173        31,400,009     97.7
  12   Reliance Standard Life Group    69825        31,399,598     54.7
  13   Jefferson-Pilot Corp            70156        23,631,744     35.1
  14   Guardian Life                   69685        22,559,669     12.3
  15   Sun Life Finl Group             69740        22,523,164     -5.1

  16   Fortis Inc                      70135        19,777,143    -22.2
  17   UnitedHealth Group Inc          69973        14,215,938     38.0
  18   New York Life Group             69714        12,824,392     36.1
  19   Canada Life Assur Group         69653        12,793,897    -26.6
  20   Mutual of Omaha Group           70203        10,733,269     35.3

  21   Allstate Finl                   70106        10,080,124      3.4
  22   GE Finl Assur Group             69555         9,737,246    -12.1
  23   Liberty Life Assur of Boston    06627         9,506,579      1.2
  24   Aegon USA Inc                   69707         8,680,181      0.9
  25   Principal Life Ins Co           06150         7,994,416    -10.3

       Top 25 Life Writers                        $898,789,892     -7.3
       Total U.S. Life Industry                 $1,013,697,168    -11.8

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Term Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002

Term life insurance provides protection for a specified
period of time. It pays a benefit only if the insured's
death occurs during the coverage period.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#            Issued   Change

   1   Citigroup                       70128       $78,866,771      9.1
   2   GE Finl Assur Group             69555        77,337,019    999.9
   3   Business Men's Assur Co         06175        73,990,646     86.2
   4   Northwestern Mutual Group       69515        64,969,660      7.6
   5   Amer Intl Group                 70342        63,846,750     11.6

   6   State Farm Group                70126        62,884,278     -9.6
   7   Zurich Ins Group                70130        57,888,182      2.0
   8   Aegon USA Inc                   69707        49,789,374     31.6
   9   Legal & Gen America Inc         69539        48,020,546     17.9
  10   Protective Life Group           69728        47,386,596    130.0

  11   New York Life Group             69714        41,753,441     14.7
  12   CNA Ins Group                   70110        36,341,252     37.9
  13   Allstate Finl                   70106        32,188,881    -18.3
  14   Prudential of America Group     70189        30,808,934     94.2
  15   Sammons Finl Group              69731        27,781,830     -8.0

  16   John Hancock Finl Svcs Group    70170        24,619,143     29.1
  17   Lincoln Natl Corp               70351        22,705,784     11.8
  18   USAA Life Group                 70364        21,842,469     32.3
  19   MassMutual Finl Group           69702        21,525,368     15.5
  20   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192        20,448,667     -8.2

  21   Old Mutual US Life Hldgs        70403        16,399,744     45.7
  22   MONY Group                      70198        15,047,609     12.5
  23   Aflac Inc Group                 69824        13,873,621      7.6
  24   Ohio Natl Life Group            69717        10,832,325    203.3
  25   Jackson Natl Group              69571        10,364,727     34.5

       Top 25 Life Writers                        $971,513,617     28.9
       Total U.S. Life Industry                 $1,208,192,814     18.8

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Credit Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002

Credit life insurance is a group life insurance contract
whereby a creditor is protected if the insured dies
before the indebtedness is paid in full.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#          In Force   Chance

   1   Fortis Inc                      70135       $38,986,285    -13.4
   2   Cuna Mutual Group               70262        38,215,899     -4.1
   3   Amer Intl Group                 70342        24,892,388     -3.4
   4   Household Ins Group             69620        16,575,668      4.0
   5   Citigroup                       70128        16,380,006     -1.8

   6   Protective Life Corp            69728        12,250,259     33.1
   7   Combined Specialty A&H Group    70178         9,692,280    -13.8
   8   Metropolitan Life &
         Affiliated                    70192         9,683,210     89.0
   9   Aegon USA Inc                   69707         8,037,425     -5.3
  10   Minnesota Mutual Group          69763         7,446,098     -0.4

  11   Amer Natl Group                 70166         6,759,277     -8.0
  12   Central States H&L Group        70363         5,013,779     -4.4
  13   Allstate Finl                   70106         4,239,977    -24.9
  14   Service Life & Gas Ins Co       07992         4,131,853     -1.8
  15   JMIC Life Group                 69852         3,995,975      2.8

  16   Zurich Ins Group                70130         3,874,181     -3.5
  17   Employers Re Group              70214         3,704,469    -34.9
  18   Centurion Life Ins Co           06276         3,012,936     -3.2
  19   Life of the South Group         69913         2,936,984     -3.6
  20   Amer United Life Group          70399         2,597,747     -0.2

  21   Amer Road Ins Group             70200         2,486,096    -14.9
  22   Guarantee Trust Group           69541         2,054,000     -3.0
  23   Amerco                          70367         1,966,232     -3.0
  24   Enterprise Life Ins Co          08919         1,919,413      3.0
  25   Munich Amer Reassur Co          06746         1,704,087     25.1

       Top 25 Life Writers                        $232,556,524     -3.0
       Total U.S. Life Industry                   $267,473,037     -5.5

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Ordinary Life In Force,
Top Life Writers--2002

Ordinary life insurance may be kept in force for a person's
whole life and pays a benefit upon the person's
death. Premiums for the policy are paid continuously
as long as the insured lives.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#          In Force   Chance

   1   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192   $13,090,879,319     12.2
   2   Swiss Reins Group               70176     1,131,468,123      4.8
   3   Aegon USA Inc                   69707       893,301,589      5.9
   4   ING Group                       70153       825,455,258      1.9
   5   Lincoln Natl Corp               70351       773,277,966     13.5

   6   Northwestern Mutual Group       69515       750,424,110      8.7
   7   GE Finl Assur Group             69555       609,736,331     -2.4
   8   Employers Re Group              70214       601,900,734     45.8
   9   Amer Intl Group                 70342       560,908,290      8.5
  10   Citigroup                       70128       560,836,635      9.7

  11   State Farm Group                70126       502,968,157      7.8
  12   New York Life Group             69714       487,793,024      5.9
  13   Prudential of America Group     70189       474,923,571      3.9
  14   Munich Amer Reassur Co          06746       438,432,155     14.6
  15   CNA Ins Group                   70110       431,534,703    -15.7

  16   Allstate Finl                   70106       431,186,398      4.1
  17   Zurich Ins Group                70130       366,931,344     10.8
  18   Hartford Life Inc               70116       327,073,288     -5.4
  19   Equitable Group                 70194       307,633,759      0.2
  20   MassMutual Finl Group           69702       304,002,000      9.1

  21   John Hancock Finl Svcs Group    70170       255,341,844     13.2
  22   Protective Life Corp            69728       251,021,171     29.3
  23   Allianz Ins Group               70187       246,585,767     15.9
  24   Manulife Finl                   69542       227,894,757     -7.9
  25   Sammons Finl Group              69731       203,056,764     11.4

       Top 25 Life Writers                     $13,344,567,057      7.5
       Total U.S. Life Industry                $18,510,130,221      7.6

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Credit Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002

Credit life insurance is a group life insurance contract
whereby a creditor is protected if the insured dies
before the indebtedness is paid in full.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#            Issued   Change

   1   Fortis Inc                      70135       $19,931,895    -54.2
   2   Cuna Mutual Group               70262        19,573,999     -9.5
   3   Amer Intl Group                 70342         9,479,166    -12.5
   4   Household Ins Group             69620         7,331,572    -39.2
   5   Amer Modern Ins Group           70206         7,150,153     32.3

   6   Citigroup                       70128         6,808,695     -9.6
   7   Aegon USA Inc                   69707         5,266,493     -1.7
   8   Protective Life Corp            69728         4,538,090    -24.2
   9   Minnesota Mutual Group          69763         3,617,479      0.4
  10   Amer National Group             70166         3,600,426    -55.4

  11   Allstate Finl                   70106         3,084,730     28.6
  12   Life of the South Group         69913         2,587,984    -14.6
  13   Service Life & Cas Ins Co       07992         1,985,885    -10.2
  14   Combined Specialty A &
         H Group                       70178         1,955,434    -19.2
  15   Zurich Ins Group                70130         1,837,219     -8.9

  16   Central States H & L Group      70363         1,831,322      0.5
  17   JMIC Life Group                 69852         1,754,697      1.0
  18   Amer United Life Group          70399         1,646,788     -4.7
  19   BankAmerica Group               70380         1,440,235    -45.6
  20   Centurion Life Ins Co           06276         1,341,542     -1.2

  21   Guarantee Trust Group           69541         1,107,505    -15.2
  22   XL Life Ins and Annuity Co      08830         1,100,517    -23.1
  23   Enterprise Life Ins Co          08919           918,627     -9.6
  24   Southern Pioneer Group          70023           781,829     12.4
  25   Amerco                          71367           649,736     -1.0

       Top 25 Life Writers                        $111,322,018    -26.0
       Total U.S. Life Industry                   $120,364,660    -25.5

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.

Ordinary Life Issued,
Top Life Writers--2002

Ordinary life insurance may be kept in force for a person's
whole life and pays a benefit upon the person's
death. Premiums for the policy are paid continuously
as long as the insured lives.

($ Thousands)

                                                                      %
Rank   Group Name                       AMB#            Issued   Change

   1   Northwestern Mutual Group       69515       $94,687,363      6.8
   2   Citigroup                       70128        88,081,055     10.6
   3   Amer Intl Group                 70342        86,322,870      4.5
   4   GE Finl Assur Group             69555        81,571,420     39.5
   5   State Farm Group                70126        78,723,773     -7.3

   6   Business Men's Assur Co         06175        74,106,859     86.1
   7   Aegon USA Inc                   69707        72,067,603     15.5
   8   Metropolitan Life & Affil       70192        70,385,411     17.7
   9   New York Life Group             69714        69,461,017     10.9
  10   Protective Life Corp            69728        67,918,415     74.0

  11   Zurich Ins Group                70130        64,447,757      0.9
  12   Allstate Finl                   70106        52,581,100     -6.3
  13   Legal & General America Inc     69539        48,673,203     18.7
  14   Prudential of America Group     70189        40,709,392     50.8
  15   CNA Ins Group                   70110        38,079,897     35.2

  16   John Hancock Finl Srvcs Group   70170        36,778,511     16.2
  17   MassMutual Finl Group           69702        36,662,277     21.7
  18   Sammons Finl Group              69731        36,459,661     10.3
  19   Lincoln National Corp           70351        35,191,809      6.1
  20   Torchmark Corp                  70265        25,015,465      4.3

  21   Guardian Life                   69685        24,291,957      9.4
  22   USAA Life Group                 70364        22,804,810     32.1
  23   Scor Life US Group              70253        22,179,817    169.0
  24   Equitable Group                 70194        20,712,152      7.6
  25   MONY Group                      70198        18,322,766      0.7

       Top 25 Life Writers                      $1,306,542,360     17.5
       Total U.S. Life Industry                 $1,770,168,544      9.3

Source: A.M. Best Co., as of June 11, 2003.


A Lagging Lagging

Strategy used by a firm to stall payments, normally in response to exchange rate projections.
 Relationship

Sales of variable life insurance appear closely correlated cor·re·late  
v. cor·re·lat·ed, cor·re·lat·ing, cor·re·lates

v.tr.
1. To put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation.

2.
 with prices of the S&P 500 Index of stocks, but since 1997 have mostly trailed the market trends. The graph graph, figure that shows relationships between quantities. The graph of a function y=f (x) is the set of points with coordinates [x, f (x)] in the xy-plane, when x and y are numbers.  tracks variable life's share of new life-insurance premium vs. the index's price levels.

[GRAPHIC OMITTED]

Sources: Limra International's U.S. individual Life Insurance Sales, Limra estimates, Economy.com
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No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
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Title Annotation:Life/Health
Comment:Return policy: sales of variable universal life insurance have been down for more than two years. A healthier stock market and new product guarantees may mean a rebound.(Life/Health)
Author:Panko, Ron
Publication:Best's Review
Geographic Code:1USA
Date:Sep 1, 2003
Words:7624
Previous Article:Writinq for differences: multilayered underwriting is a tremendous advantage to agents, insurers and policyholders.(Property/Casualty)
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