RUSSIA - The Energy Market.Russian demand for primary energy sources has fallen steadily since 1987, in parallel with a drop in production. The decline in demand was reversed in 1999. There are 28 oil refineries This is a list of oil refineries. The Oil and Gas Journal also publishes a worldwide list of refineries annually in a country-by-country tabulation that includes for each refinery: location, crude oil daily processing capacity, and the size of each process unit in the refinery. in Russia, owned mostly by the integrated oil groups in the country, and a number of them date from before the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. Some of the integrated oil combines have invited foreign companies to invest in modernising or expanding their refineries and take equity in return. Foreign companies have been invited to invest in gas processing ventures as well. If the projects materialise Verb 1. materialise - come into being; become reality; "Her dream really materialized" materialize, happen hap, happen, occur, come about, take place, go on, pass off, fall out, pass - come to pass; "What is happening?"; "The meeting took place off without , Russia would regain a position it once held as the world's biggest oil refiner re·fine v. re·fined, re·fin·ing, re·fines v.tr. 1. To reduce to a pure state; purify. 2. To remove by purifying. 3. , now being the third largest. It could become a major exporter of LPG LPG: see liquefied petroleum gas. 1. LPG - Linguaggio Procedure Grafiche (Italian for "Graphical Procedures Language"). dott. Gabriele Selmi. Roughly a cross between Fortran and APL, with graphical-oriented extensions and several peculiarities. .
RUSSIAN ENERGY PRODUCTION
(million tons of oil equivalent)
1987 1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 1999
Oil 569.5 515.9 398.8 317.6 302.9 307.4 304.8
Gas 457.0 538.2 537.6 509.8 505.0 479.3 495.9
Coal 184.4 176.2 148.5 121.3 114.4 109.0 112.6
Nuclear 32.2 30.5 30.9 25.2 28.1 27.9 31.2
Hydro-power 14.0 14.3 14.8 15.1 13.2 13.5 13.8
Total 1,257.1 1,275.1 1,230.6 989.0 963.6 937.1 958.3
Source: BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy, June 1998 & June 2000
RUSSIAN ENERGY CONSUMPTION
(million tons of oil equivalent)
1987 1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 1999
Oil 249.8 249.7 224.4 162.7 130.1 129.1 126.2
Gas 347.8 378.1 375.5 351.8 341.9 315.3 327.3
Coal 205.1 180.6 154.7 126.4 115.7 109.7 109.3
Nuclear 32.2 30.5 30.9 25.2 28.1 27.9 31.2
Hydro-power 14.0 14.3 14.8 15.1 13.2 13.5 13.8
Total 848.9 853.3 800.4 681.3 629.1 595.6 607.8
Source: BP Amoco Statistical Review of World Energy, June 1998 & June 2000
Domestic crude oil prices have risen from $4/barrel in 1998 to an average of about $15/b in recent months. About 60% of Russia's crude oil output is sold on the domestic market. Prices of gasolines and other fuels, including high quality products imported from Europe, this year rose by 25% owing to owing to prep. Because of; on account of: I couldn't attend, owing to illness. owing to prep → debido a, por causa de an increase in fuel taxes during the first half of 2000. The gradual liberalisation n. 1. Same as liberalization. Noun 1. liberalisation - the act of making less strict liberalization, relaxation alleviation, easement, easing, relief - the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); "he asked the nurse of oil prices and deregulation Deregulation The reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry. Notes: Traditional areas that have been deregulated are the telephone and airline industries. of the petroleum market will relieve the government of a heavy burden, on the one hand, and will encourage foreign companies to invest in Russia's oil refining refining, any of various processes for separating impurities from crude or semifinished materials. It includes the finer processes of metallurgy, the fractional distillation of petroleum into its commercial products, and the purifying of cane, beet, and maple sugar and fuel distribution businesses. BP Amoco's programme for this market is to have over 120 petrol petrol: see gasoline. stations. Other majors intending to invest in this market include Texaco, Shell, ExxonMobil, TotalFinaElf and Conoco. They are all major investors in Russia's upstream From the consumer to the provider. See downstream. (networking) upstream - Fewer network hops away from a backbone or hub. For example, a small ISP that connects to the Internet through a larger ISP that has their own connection to the backbone is downstream from the larger sector (see Review No. 7). Natural gas prices for the domestic market on May 1, 2000 from their range of $8-12/1,000 cubic metre Noun 1. cubic metre - a metric unit of volume or capacity equal to 1000 liters cubic meter, kiloliter, kilolitre metric capacity unit - a capacity unit defined in metric terms by 20% for industrial customers, by 40% for the federal power plants and by 15% for households. The government defined the move as a compromise because the main seller, Gazprom, had been demanding an average increase of 35%. Gazprom is losing its monopoly as a seller. Because of Gazprom's declining gas production, with some of its fields depleting and new ones would not be on stream before 2004, there could be a shortage of gas on the domestic market. This is because Gazprom intends to meet all its export commitments in 2000 and in the subsequent years. As a result of pressure by the government, Gazprom is to grant equal access to its internal grid of pipelines for the other Russian gas producers so that they meet the shortfall. The government is establishing a new system of gas transportation tariffs This is a list of tariffs and trade legislation:
Gazprom is anticipating the shortfall in its domestic gas supplies to reach 11 BCM BCM Baylor College of Medicine BCM Become BCM Business Communications Manager (Nortel) BCM Broadcom Corporation BCM Business Continuity Management BCM Business Contact Manager (Microsoft) in 2000, 36.6 BCM in 2001 and 67 BCM in 2003. As a result, if the other gas producers fail to meet the deficit, there would be power cuts in several regions. Power cuts occurred in some areas in April 2000 because of declining gas supplies. Itera, an independent gas marketer registered in Florida and linked to Gazprom's top management, has been selling about 20 BCM/year of gas in Russia. It has begun to produce gas in the country and it intends to raise its Russian sales volume as from this year. LUKoil, the biggest among the integrated Russian oil companies, has announced plans to become Russia's second biggest producer and seller of gas. In 1999, LUKoil produced about 4.5 BCM of gas. The gas market in Russia is expected to become more profitable by 2003. LUKoil Vice President Leonid Fedun told analysts in Moscow in June 2000 that his company expected the domestic price of natural gas to triple in three years. He said LUKoil could raise its gas production to 15 BCM/year and to higher levels from 2003. |
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