RUSSIA - Damaged Fields.Over-production in many oilfields has caused reservoir damage in recent years. In many cases the damage has involved quasi-systematic water injection systems installed in the 1980s. Employed in western Siberia Western Siberia is a part of Siberia located between the Ural mountains and a watershed of the rivers Ob and Yenisei. Politically-administratively the territory of Western Siberia is divided into Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, and Tümen Provinces, Hunty-Mansi Autonomous since the beginning to boost output to maximum levels quickly, this has resulted in an increasingly large water cut. By 1990, the water cut in the whole of Russia had reached 76%, up from about 50% in 1976. The share of oil produced from free-flowing wells had dropped from 51.8% in 1970 to only 12% by 1990 and 8.4% by 1999. Modern tertiary recovery techniques will be required to maximise reservoir drainage as well as reservoir formations and treatment in less permeable permeable /per·me·a·ble/ (per´me-ah-b'l) not impassable; pervious; permitting passage of a substance. per·me·a·ble adj. That can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gases. reservoirs. The maturity of the Russian basins has been reflected in the low average flow rate of wells: 7 tons/day in Russia versus 243 tons/day in the Middle East and 143 tons/day in the North Sea. This has raised two questions: how much of the recent oil production increases have been a "low-hanging fruit", and will this strong growth be sustainable? A new oil basin with reserves similar in size to those of western Siberia does not seem to be on the horizon. In the short term, therefore, Russian oil output hinges mainly on how long western Siberia's current plateau of 200-220 tons/year can be maintained. Better reservoir management and development of small and difficult fields could attenuate To reduce the force or severity; to lessen a relationship or connection between two objects. In Criminal Procedure, the relationship between an illegal search and a confession may be sufficiently attenuated as to remove the confession from the protection afforded by the the depletion factor. Production costs and international crude oil prices are crucial in this respect. The medium-term outlook will depend on how fast new reserves can be put into production in less mature provinces, such as Timan-Pechora in the far north and Sakhalin in the far east. In the long term, new provinces such as east Siberia, the Pechora Sea Pechora Sea Russian Pechorskoye More Sea, southeastern extension of the Barents Sea, north of European Russia. It is located between Kolguyev Island and the Yugorsky Peninsula. or the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea Caspian Sea (kăs`pēən), Lat. Mare Caspium or Mare Hyrcanium, salt lake, c.144,000 sq mi (373,000 sq km), between Europe and Asia; the largest lake in the world. could make sizeable contributions to the overall production profile. Thus the medium-term outlook will depend on Russia's ability to attract longer-term investments. This means there should be credible fiscal and legal reforms to guarantee and attract investments as well as advanced technology, and not simply ride the wave of higher crude oil prices and rouble ROUBLE. The name of a coin. The rouble of Russia, as money of account, is deemed and taken at the custom-house, to be of the value of seventy-five cents. Act March 3, 1843. devaluation devaluation, decreasing the value of one nation's currency relative to gold or the currencies of other nations. It is usually undertaken as a means of correcting a deficit in the balance of payments. . |
|
||||||||||||
Printer friendly
Cite/link
Email
Feedback
Reader Opinion