Quotes.
A sentence can't mean anything to you unless you understand it.
Moreover, meaning is always meaning to someone. There is no such thing
as a meaning of a sentence in itself, independent of any people. When we
speak of the meaning of a sentence, it is always the meaning of the
sentence to someone, a real person or a hypothetical typical member of a
speech community.
GEORGE LAKOFF AND MARK JOHNSON, METAPHORS WE LIVE BY, P. 184.
The idea that metaphor is just a matter of language and can at best only
describe reality stems from the view that what is real is wholly
external to, and independent of, how human beings conceptualize the
world--as if the study of reality were just the study of the physical
world. Such a view of reality--so-called objective reality--leaves out
human aspects of reality, in particular the real perceptions,
conceptualizations, motivations, and actions that constitute most of
what we experience.
GEORGE LAKOFF AND MARK JOHNSON, METAPHORS WE LIVE BY, P. 146.
When we perceive a cat as being in front of a car or behind a tree, the
spatial relationships in front of and behind, between cat and car or
between cat and tree, are not objectively there in the world. The
spatial relation is not an entity in our visual field. The cat is behind
the tree or in front of the car only relative to our capacity to project
fronts and backs onto cars and trees and to impose relations onto visual
scenes relative to such projections. In this way, perceiving the cat as
being behind the tree requires an imaginative projection based on our
embodied nature.
GEORGE LAKOFF AND MARK JOHNSON, PHILOSOPHY IN THE FLESH: THE EMBODIED
MIND AND ITS CHALLENGE TO WESTERN THOUGHT, P. 35.
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