QATAR - The Downstream Element.The EPC (1) (Entertainment PC) See HTPC. (2) (Electronic Product Code) A standard code for RFID tags administered by EPCglobal Inc. (www.epcglobalinc.org). contract for the first LNG train An LNG train is the term used to describe the liquification and purification facilities on an LNG plant. In order to make it practical and commercially viable to transport LNG from one country to another, its volume has to be greatly reduced. (then stated at 2.5m t/y) and plant infrastructure at Ras Laffan adjacent to the QatarGas trains was awarded in March 1996 to JGC/MW Kellogg which bid a surprisingly low price of $600m. The other bidders with higher prices were Chiyoda Corp., Foster Wheeler with Toyo Engineering, and Bechtel/Technip. Chiyoda had done the FEED for the downstream element in early 1995. Hudson Engineering had done the FEED for the upstream. On June 16, 1997, JGC/Kellogg signed with RasGas a contract to build the second LNG train for $400m. At the upstream and downstream ends, costs were being reduced by over 20% from original estimates. First gas reached the plant at Ras Laffan in mid-May 1999, two months ahead of schedule. The gas is stripped of condensate and then re-injected into the wells. Mobil drilled four deviated wells and a central vertical well to raise recovery of condensates. RasGas began exporting condensates in May 1999. Exports began at the rate of 17,000 b/d. The condensate has a 57o API gravity The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. If its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. and a sulphur content of 0.27%. RasGas-2, 70% QP and 30% ExxonMobil, was set up in late May 2002 to have two 4.7m t/y trains built, one to be on stream in December 2003 for the Indian market under a 5m t/y contract to 2028 with Petronet LNG LNG (liquefied natural gas): see under natural gas. . The second is to be on stream in late 2005 to supply 1.7m t/y to Taiwan (CPC (1) (Central Processing Complex) An IBM mainframe that has two or more central processors (CPs) that share memory. It is the collection of processors, memory and I/O subsystems manufactured with a single serial number, typically all contained in one cabinet. ) under a 2008-33 contract, 2.5m t/y to Petronet's Kochin terminal in West India, and 3.5m t/y to Edison of Italy under an MoU. For the upstream element, QP and ExxonMobil have signed a PSA (Professional Services Automation) An information system designed to organize, track and manage all opportunities, work, resources, costs, revenues and invoices to improve the productivity and efficiency of the workforce. for the US super-major to develop another portion of the North Field under the Al Khaleej Gas (AKG AKG Alpha Ketoglutarate AKG Asian Kung-Fu Generation (band) AKG Akustische u. Kino-Geräte (AKG Acoustics) AKG Alles Komt Goed (Dutch: it's all good) ) project. The first phase of this will be on stream in late 2003. By late 2005, AKG-2 will raise gas production to 1,750 MCF/d. RasGas-3, QP-ExxonMobil, has been proposed to have two trains with a total capacity of 15m t/y for the US market, where ExxonMobil intends to have LNG receiving terminals. This could be on stream before 2015. |
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