Profiles of 75 Companies Involved in Developing RNAi Technologies are Presented Inside the 2007 Edition of RNAi - Technologies, Markets and Companies.DUBLIN, Ireland -- Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/c1589) has announced the addition of RNAi - Technologies, Markets and Companies to their offering. RNA interference RNA interference n. A process in which the introduction of double-stranded RNA into a cell inhibits the expression of genes. (RNAi) or gene silencing involves the use of double stranded RNA RNA: see nucleic acid. RNA in full ribonucleic acid One of the two main types of nucleic acid (the other being DNA), which functions in cellular protein synthesis in all living cells and replaces DNA as the carrier of genetic (dsRNA). Once inside the cell, this material is processed into short 21-26 nucleotide RNAs termed siRNAs that are used in a sequence-specific manner to recognize and destroy complementary RNA. The report compares RNAi with other antisense antisense, DNA or RNA manipulated in a laboratory so that its components (nucleotides) form a complementary copy of normal, or "sense," messenger RNA (mRNA; see nucleic acid). approaches using oligonucleotides, aptamers, ribozymes, peptide nucleic acid nucleic acid, any of a group of organic substances found in the chromosomes of living cells and viruses that play a central role in the storage and replication of hereditary information and in the expression of this information through protein synthesis. and locked nucleic acid A locked nucleic acid (LNA), often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide. The ribose moiety of an LNA nucleotide is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' and 4' carbons. . Various RNAi technologies are described, along with design and methods of manufacture of siRNA reagents. These include chemical synthesis by in vitro in vitro /in vi·tro/ (in ve´tro) [L.] within a glass; observable in a test tube; in an artificial environment. in vi·tro adj. In an artificial environment outside a living organism. transcription and use of plasmid or viral vectors. Other approaches to RNAi include DNA-directed RNAi (ddRNAi) that is used to produce dsRNA inside the cell, which is cleaved cleaved (klevd) split or separated, as by cutting. into siRNA by the action of Dicer dic·er n. A device used for dicing food. Noun 1. dicer - a mechanical device used for dicing food mechanical device - mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles , a specific type of RNAse III. MicroRNAs are derived by processing of short hairpins that can inhibit the mRNAs. Expressed interfering RNA (eiRNA) is used to express dsRNA intracellularly from DNA DNA: see nucleic acid. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid One of two types of nucleic acid (the other is RNA); a complex organic compound found in all living cells and many viruses. It is the chemical substance of genes. plasmids. Delivery of therapeutics to the target tissues is an important consideration. siRNAs can be delivered to cells in culture by electroporation electroporation (i·lekˈ·trō·p  ·rāˑ·sh or by transfection trans·fec·tionn. Infection of a bacterium or cell with DNA or RNA isolated from a bacteriophage or from an animal or a plant virus, resulting in replication of the complete virus. using plasmid or viral vectors. In vivo in vivo /in vi·vo/ (ve´vo) [L.] within the living body. in vi·vo adj. Within a living organism. in vivo adv. delivery of siRNAs can be carried out by injection into tissues or blood vessels or use of synthetic and viral vectors. Because of its ability to silence any gene once the sequence is known, RNAi has been adopted as the research tool to discriminate gene function. After the genome of an organism is sequenced, RNAi can be designed to target every gene in the genome and target for specific phenotypes. Several methods of gene expression analysis are available and there is still need for sensitive methods of detection of gene expression as a baseline and measurement after gene silencing. RNAi microarray has been devised and can be tailored to meet the needs for high throughput screens for identifying appropriate RNAi probes. RNAi is an important method for analyzing gene function and identifying new drug targets that uses double-stranded RNA to knock down or silence specific genes. With the advent of vector-mediated siRNA delivery methods it is now possible to make transgenic animals that can silence gene expression stably. These technologies point to the usefulness of RNAi for drug discovery. RNAi can be rationally designed to block the expression of any target gene, including genes for which traditional small molecule inhibitors cannot be found. Areas of therapeutic applications include virus infections, cancer, genetic disorders and neurological diseases. Side effects can result from unintended interaction between an siRNA compound and an unrelated host gene. If RNAi compounds are designed poorly, there is an increased chance for non-specific interaction with host genes that may cause adverse effects in the host. The markets for RNAi are difficult to define as no RNAi-based product is in clinical development yet. The major use of RNAi reagents is in research but it partially overlaps that of drug discovery and therapeutic development. It is estimated to be $300 million currently and will increase to $400 million in 2005 and $850 million by the year 2010. The value of the drug discovery market based on RNAi can be assessed at $500 million currently with increase to $650 million in the year 2005 and further doubling to $1 billion in the year 2010. Even if a few products get into the market by the year 2010, this market will expand to $3.5 billion based on revenues from sales of RNAi-based drugs Profiles of 75 companies involved in developing RNAi technologies are presented along with their collaborations. They are a mix of companies that supply reagents and technologies and companies that use the technologies for drug discovery. The bibliography contains selected 150 publications that are cited in the report. Chapters Include: Executive Summary Chapter 1. Technologies for suppressing gene function Chapter 2. RNAi Technologies Chapter 3. Methods of delivery in RNAi Chapter 4. RNAi in Research & Drug Discovery Chapter 5. Therapeutic applications of RNAi Chapter 6. Markets for RNAi Technologies Chapter 7. Companies involved in RNAi Technologies For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/c1589 Source: Jain PharmaBiotech |
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