Present and historic distribution of fishes in South Fork Wildcat creek, Tippecanoe, Clinton and Tipton counties, Indiana.ABSTRACT. The fish fauna fauna All the species of animals found in a particular region, period, or special environment. Five faunal realms, based on terrestrial animal species, are generally recognized: Holarctic, including Nearactic (North America) and Paleartic (Eurasia and northern Africa); of the South Fork South Fork may refer to:
 `), river, c.170 mi (270 km) long, rising in the lake district of NE Ind. and flowing SW to the Wabash River, near Lafayette. U.S. Gen. , Clinton Clinton.1 Town (1990 pop. 12,767), Middlesex co., S Conn., on Long Island Sound; settled 1663, set off from Killingworth and inc. 1838. The school that later became Yale opened here in 1702. , and Tipton counties Tipton County is the name of several counties in the United States:
River, flowing westward across Indiana, U.S. After crossing Indiana, the Wabash forms the 200-mi (320-km) southern section of the Indiana-Illinois boundary below Terre Haute, Ind. drainage drainage, in agriculture drainage, in agriculture, the removal of excess water from the soil, either by a system of surface ditches, or by underground conduits if required by soil conditions and land contour. . Few historic collections have been made in the watershed, with only three sites collected prior to 1950, seven sites from a survey of Tippecanoe County in 1994, and an additional 11 sites from monitoring activities between 1995 and 2003. In all, 73 species have been collected from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed, with only 21 species recorded from all sampling events. Dominant species include Semotilus Semotilus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It contains the following species:
adj. Of or relating to taxonomy: a taxonomic designation. tax changes that resulted in Luxilus cornutus and Luxilus chrysocephalus being recognized as separate species. Six species (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lepisosteus osseus, Notropis volucellus, Notropis wickliffi, Pylodictis olivaris, and Lepomis microlophus Classification of the genus Microlophus Genus Microlophus
a genus of catfish, intermediate hosts for parasites of animals. See Table 23. Ictalurus furcatus blue catfish. punctatus, Noturus gyrinus, Gambusia Gambusia small, 1 inch long, pale fish which eat mosquito larvae and are used in their control. affinis, Lepomis gulosus, Poxomis nigromaculatus, and Aplodinotus grunniens) were the first verified ver·i·fy tr.v. ver·i·fied, ver·i·fy·ing, ver·i·fies 1. To prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony; substantiate. 2. records for the watershed. Keywords: Wabash River drainage, watershed condition, fish assemblage assemblage: see collage. assemblage Three-dimensional construction made from household materials such as rope and newspapers or from any found materials. ********** The Clean Water Act mandates state water quality agencies to restore and protect the surface waters of the nation. Incumbent upon meeting this goal is to have basic information on watersheds of Indiana The Watersheds of Indiana consist of six distinct Indiana watershed regions that drain in to five major bodies of water. Illinois River watershed With the Kankakee River, the Illinois River watershed stretches from the Illinois border in northwest Indiana and up and other states. Few studies have targeted entire watersheds (Carney car·ney n. Informal Variant of carny. et al. 1998; Simon et al. 2005), with most intensive studies focusing on county level investigations such as that of Fisher et al. (1998) for Tippecanoe County. The need to restore and protect the Wabash River begins in the tributary streams. The South Fork Wildcat Creek has been designated by the State of Indiana Indiana, state, United States Indiana, midwestern state in the N central United States. It is bordered by Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan (N), Ohio (E), Kentucky, across the Ohio R. (S), and Illinois (W). as an Outstanding State Resource Water; however, Outstanding State status is not based on biological assemblages. As watersheds change due to anthropogenic an·thro·po·gen·ic adj. 1. Of or relating to anthropogenesis. 2. Caused by humans: anthropogenic degradation of the environment. input, knowledge of the aquatic assemblage is imperative for trend assessment. No surveys of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed exist prior to 1940. The ichthyofauna ich·thy·o·fau·na n. The fish of a particular region. of this watershed was first examined by Gerking (1945), who collected fish from 412 sites across Indiana Across Indiana is a weekly 30 minute long documentary-style television program which covers places, people, history and culture across Indiana. Hosted by Michael Atwood, Across Indiana (three from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed) between 1940 and 1943, and compiled all other historical records known at the time. Fisher et al. (1998) compiled species lists from seven sites in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed during sampling in 1994. During 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), independent agency of the U.S. government, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1970 to reduce and control air and water pollution, noise pollution, and radiation and to ensure the safe handling and randomly selected sites in an intensive survey of the Eastern Corn Belt Corn Belt, major agricultural region of the U.S. Midwest where corn acreage once exceeded that of any other crop. It is now commonly called the Feed Grains and Livestock Belt. Plain. This resulted in six sites being sampled in the South Fork of the Wildcat Creek watershed. The Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM [Latin, The same.] Used to indicate a reference that has previously been made and typically abbreviated "id." in legal and scholarly bibliographic citations. ) sampled five sites between 1998 and 2003 as part of the stratified stratified /strat·i·fied/ (strat´i-fid) formed or arranged in layers. strat·i·fied adj. Arranged in the form of layers or strata. random sampling design for Indiana watersheds (IDEM 1998, 2001). In all, 21 collections were recorded from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed from 1940 to 2003 (Table 1). In order to further our knowledge of protected and high quality waterbodies in Indiana, the current study is an intensive survey of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed (n = 80) (Table 1). This study was conducted by IDEM in August 2004. The objective of this study was to determine the current composition and distribution of fish assemblages inhabiting the waters of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed and compare the fish assemblages with that found during past surveys. METHODS Study area.--The South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed drains approximately 637 [km.sup.2] of southeastern Tippecanoe, central Clinton and northwestern Tipton counties (Fig. 1). The watershed drains from east to west, entering the Wildcat Creek system near West Lafayette West Lafayette, city (1990 pop. 25,907), Tippecanoe co., W Ind., a suburb of Lafayette, on the Wabash River; inc. 1924. A primarily residential city, it is the seat of Purdue Univ. . The watershed is located in the Eastern Corn Belt Plain ecoregion An ecoregion (ecological region), sometimes called a bioregion, is the next smallest ecologically and geographically defined area beneath "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large area of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct (Omernik & Gallant 1988), with agriculture being the primary landuse (80%) (Choi Choi may refer to:
[FIGURE 1 OMITTED] The watershed supports a wide range of stream conditions, from portions of the mainstem Mainstem may refer to the following:
Noun, pl the tributary streams of a river in the area in which it rises . This wide range of ecological ecological emanating from or pertaining to ecology. ecological biome see biome. ecological climax the state of balance in an ecosystem when its inhabitants have established their permanent relationships with each conditions provides diverse habitat settings for fish assemblages. Study design.--Sampling in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed utilized a combination of approaches based on both random and targeted sampling designs. Gerking (1945) targeted locations across the state in order to document, as fully as possible, the distribution of species found. Fisher et al. (1998) targeted sites within the geopolitical ge·o·pol·i·tics n. (used with a sing. verb) 1. The study of the relationship among politics and geography, demography, and economics, especially with respect to the foreign policy of a nation. 2. a. boundaries of Tippecanoe County with the intention of documenting the site specific fish assemblage data for future comparisons. From 1995-2003 a random sampling design was used that equally weighted streams in the Wabash River drainage. Sites from 1995 were part of a Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (REMAP) for the Eastern Corn Belt Plain designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA EPA eicosapentaenoic acid. EPA abbr. eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, n.pr See acid, eicosapentaenoic. EPA, n. ). Sites from 1998-2003 were compiled to provide an assessment of stream water quality for state reporting requirements. Sites for the random sampling designs were selected using Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP EMAP Emergency Management Accreditation Program EMAP Electronic Materials and Packaging EMAP Electronic Mapping EMAP Environmental Mapping and Assessment Program EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme ) selection methods, which equally weight all stream segments to assess and characterize overall water quality and biotic biotic /bi·ot·ic/ (bi-ot´ik) 1. pertaining to life or living matter. 2. pertaining to the biota. bi·ot·ic adj. 1. Relating to life or living organisms. integrity of the watershed. Sampling included all rivers, streams, canals, and ditches within the Wabash River drainage, including the entire South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed, as indexed in the EPA River Reach File 3. Intensive sampling done in 2004 used a targeted design to evaluate stream water quality and biological condition of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed. This targeted approach was spatially intensive, maintaining evenness across the watershed providing a comprehensive inventory of fish assemblages. Five study periods are summarized, including the baseline The horizontal line to which the bottoms of lowercase characters (without descenders) are aligned. See typeface. baseline - released version study of Gerking (1945) conducted from 1940-1943; collections made by Fisher et al. (1998) in 1994; two probability sampling events, one in 1995 (REMAP) and the second from 1998-2003 (IDEM probability sampling); and the intensive watershed study during 2004. Data reported in this study are based on vouchered fish specimens deposited at the Aquatic Research Center, Indiana Center is a town in southeastern Howard County, Indiana, USA. Center is a suburb of Kokomo, Indiana. It is part of the 'Kokomo, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area'. Education School Districts
biodiversity Quantity of plant and animal species found in a given environment. Sometimes habitat diversity (the variety of places where organisms live) and genetic diversity (the variety of traits expressed , Ohio State University Ohio State University, main campus at Columbus; land-grant and state supported; coeducational; chartered 1870, opened 1873 as Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, renamed 1878. There are also campuses at Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Newark. , Columbus, Ohio Columbus is the capital and the largest city of the American state of Ohio. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. . Field collections.--Fish assemblages were assessed from daytime Daytime may refer to:
inventories using a variety of equipment. Gerking (1945) primarily used 1A-inch mesh Refers to an interconnect architecture that cross- connects several devices. See mesh network, wireless mesh network and switch fabric. (character) mesh - The INTERCAL name for hash. seines of lengths from 840 feet (2.5-12 m) and gill gill, in weights and measures gill, in weights and measures: see English units of measurement. nets at selected sites. Collections made post-Gerking (1945) used seines and varying types of electrofishing Electrofishing uses electricity to stun fish before they are caught. Two electrodes are used. The boat is the cathode, and the anode is at the front. The stunned fish swim toward the anode, where they are caught alive using a dip net.[1] References 1. gear. Small streams (< 3.3 m wetted width) were sampled using seines or a backpack or long-line unit, and wadeable streams (> 3.3 m wetted width) were sampled using a long-line or tote-barge electrofishing unit. Sampling from 1994-2004 was conducted in all representative habitats along a linear reach of stream based on 15 times the wetted width with minimum distances of 50 m and maximum distances of 500 m. All fish encountered were netted and placed into a live-well until completion of the sample zone. Individual fish were identified to species, counted, batch weighed by species, and minimum and maximum length recorded. All individuals were inspected for deformities, eroded e·rode v. e·rod·ed, e·rod·ing, e·rodes v.tr. 1. To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion: Waves eroded the shore. 2. To eat into; corrode. tins, lesions, and tumor tumor: see neoplasm. (DELT) anomalies. Fish were identified using regional identification manuals (Gerking 1955; Smith 1973; Trautman 1981). Calculations of biological integrity.--The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI See Information Builders. ) was used to calculate the results of the fish assemblage data to assess the stream for its ability to support aquatic life (Simon 1992; Simon & Dufour 1998; Simon & Stahl Stahl is a surname, and may refer to:
troph·ic adj. Of, relating to, or characterized by nutrition. composition (feeding and reproductive re·pro·duc·tive adj. 1. Of or relating to reproduction. 2. Tending to reproduce. reproductive subserving or pertaining to reproduction. guilds guilds or gilds, economic and social associations of persons engaging in the same business or craft, typical of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. ) and fish condition and health. The total IBI score, integrity class and attributes help define fish community characteristics. The Indiana IBI ranks stream quality along a condition gradient gradient In mathematics, a differential operator applied to a three-dimensional vector-valued function to yield a vector whose three components are the partial derivatives of the function with respect to its three variables. The symbol for gradient is ∇. with scores ranging from 12 to 60. Scores of 60 represent streams of the highest biological integrity, while scores of 12 represent highly degraded de·grad·ed adj. 1. Reduced in rank, dignity, or esteem. 2. Having been corrupted or depraved. 3. Having been reduced in quality or value. stream systems. Indiana narrative biological criteria [327 IAC (1) (InterApplication Communications) The interprocess communications capability in the Macintosh starting with System 7.0. Many IAC events take place behind the scenes. 2-1-3(2)] states that "all waters, except those designated as limited use, will be capable of supporting a well-balanced well-bal·anced adj. 1. Evenly proportioned, balanced, or regulated. 2. Mentally stable; sensible or sound. well-balanced Adjective sensible and emotionally stable Adj. , warm water aquatic community" (IDEM 2006a). The water quality standard definition of a "well-balanced aquatic community" is "an aquatic community, which is diverse in species composition, contains several different trophic levels trophic level n. A group of organisms that occupy the same position in a food chain. trophic level , and is not composed mainly of strictly pollution tolerant species" [327 IAC 2-1-9(60)] (IDEM 2006a). A stream segment is non-supporting for aquatic life use when the monitored fish community receives an IBI score of less than 36, which is considered poor or very poor (IDEM 2006b). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fish assemblages.--Based on a combination of all survey data, 72 species have been collected from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed between 1940 and 2004 (Table 2). This number of species represents 36% of the entire fish fauna of Indiana (Simon et al. 2002). The ichthyofauna of the watershed was summarized by Gerking (1945) based on his collections and compiled historical records prior to 1945. No records existed for the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed prior to 1940, and only three of Gerking's 412 sites were located in the watershed. Gerking (1945) recorded 35 species from these three sites. Fisher et al. (1998) compiled a species list for Tip pecanoe County that incorporated data from seven sites in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed. Collections made between June and December 1994 recorded 47 species. In 1995, REMAP recorded 38 species from six sites. Forty-four species were recorded from five locations in the watershed through IDEM sampling efforts between 1998 and 2003. In 2004, IDEM conducted the most intensive survey of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed and collected 65 species from 80 sites. Combination of records from sampling periods from 1995-2004 show that the dominant species by number included creek chub Chub, in the Bible Chub (kŭb), in the Bible, an African people. This may be a textual error for Lub (i.e., Lubim). chub, in zoology chub: see minnow. (Semotilus atromaculatus) (19%), central stoneroller stone·roll·er n. 1. A minnow (Campostoma anomalum) of the central and southern United States, having a horny ridge near the edge of the lower lip used for scraping food from the bottom of a body of water. 2. (Campostoma anomalum) (14%), and bluntnose minnow The bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the Pimephales genus of the cyprinid family. The natural geographic range extends from the Great Lakes south along the Mississippi River basin to Louisiana, and east across (Pimephales notatus) (9%) (Table 3). Fish assemblages during 1942-1945.--Gerking (1945) documented 35 species from three sites in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed (Table 2). Sampling sites were not chosen to represent the highest quality streams in the watershed, but were representative of the prevailing conditions at the time. Gerking (1945) reported common shiner shiner: see minnow. shiner Any of several small freshwater fishes (genera Notemigonus and Notropis, family Cyprinidae). The common shiner (Notropis cornutus) is a blue and silver minnow up to 8 in. (20 cm) long. (Luxilus cornutus chrysocephalus) from the watershed. The taxonomy taxonomy: see classification. taxonomy In biology, the classification of organisms into a hierarchy of groupings, from the general to the particular, that reflect evolutionary and usually morphological relationships: kingdom, phylum, class, order, of the Luxilus group post-Gerking has changed, and it is clear that the species reported by Gerking is actually the striped striped adj. Having lines or bands of different color or texture. Adj. 1. striped - marked or decorated with stripes stripy patterned - having patterns (especially colorful patterns) shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus). Although these two species occur in the Great Lakes basin The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, whose direct runoff and , only Luxilus chrysocephalus is present in the Ohio River Ohio River Major river, eastern central U.S. Formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, it flows northwest out of Pennsylvania, and west and southwest to form the state boundaries of Ohio–West Virginia, Ohio-Kentucky, Indiana-Kentucky, and basin. Gerking (1945) was the last to report the bluebreast darter darter or anhinga (ănhĭng`gə), common name for a very slender, black water bird very closely related to the cormorant. (Etheostoma camurum) from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed. This species, which was recently removed from the state endangered species endangered species, any plant or animal species whose ability to survive and reproduce has been jeopardized by human activities. In 1999 the U.S. government, in accordance with the U.S. list, is believed to be extirpated from the watershed. No further record of the species is known from the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed; however, the species has been collected from the Wabash River near the mouth of Wildcat Creek (B.E. Fisher, Indiana DNR See dynamic noise reduction and domain name resolver. , pers. comm.). Fish assemblages during 1994.--Fisher et al. (1998) collected 47 species, which included most of the species previously collected by Gerking (Table 2) and added 18 new records for the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed, including silver lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis or the Silver Lamprey is a lamprey found commonly in the Northern and Central United States and a large part of southern Canada its binomial name means "fish to suck" in Greek and "one Point" in Latin. (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis), longnose gar The longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus, is a species of gar, a type of primitive ray-finned fish. It is also known as the needlenose gar. Identification (Lepisosteus osseus), gizzard shad (Zool.) an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. See also: Gizzard (Dorsoma cepedianum), steelcolor shiner (Cyprinella whipplei), carp (Cyprinus carpio Cyprinus carpio farmed finfish in family Cyprinidae. Called also common carp. See Table 23. ), channel shiner (Notropis wickliffi), fathead minnow The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the Pimephales genus of the cyprinid family. The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to (Pimephales promelas), western blacknose dace (Rhinichthys obtusus), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio), black redhorse The black redhorse, Moxostoma duquesni, (or duquesnii) is a species of freshwater fish endemic to Ontario and the eastern half of the United States, where it lives in creeks and small to medium rivers. (Moxostoma duquesnei), shorthead redhorse The shorthead redhorse, Moxostoma macrolepidotum, is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the northern United States east of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent regions of Canada. It is typically found in natural lakes and still regions in rivers. (Moxostoma macrolepidotum), black bullhead The black bullhead, Ameiurus melas, is a species of bullhead catfish. Like other bullhead catfish, they have the ability to thrive in waters that are low in oxygen, brackish, turbid and/or very warm.[1]. (Ameiurus melas), yellow bullhead The yellow bullhead, Ameiurus natalis, is a species of bullhead catfish. Yellow bullheads are typically yellow-olive to slaty-black on the back and sometimes mottled depending on habitat. (Ameiurus natalis), flathead catfish flat·head catfish n. A large American catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) having a yellowish body with brown markings and common in streams of the Mississippi Valley and southeast United States. Noun 1. (Pylodictis olivaris), redear sunfish The redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), also known as the shellcracker, Georgia bream, cherry gill, chinquapin, improved bream, and sun perch (Lepomis microlophus), white crappie crappie: see sunfish. crappie Either of two deep-bodied freshwater North American fish species (family Centrarchidae) that are popular as food and prized by sport fishermen. Native to the eastern U.S. (Pomoxis annularis), orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile), and dusky darter (Percina sciera) (Table 2). Fisher et al. documented the last records for six species (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis, Lepisosteus osseus, Notropis volucellus, Notropis wickliffi, Pylodictis olivaris, and Lepomis microlophus) from the South Fork Wildcat Creek Watershed. All of the species last collected by Fisher et al. are large-river habitat species that may have entered the South Fork Wildcat Creek from the mainstem Wabash River. Fisher's sites were less than 14 river miles (22.5 km) from the mouth of the Wabash River. Fish assemblages during 1994-1995.--During this period, 38 species were collected during a survey of the Eastern Corn Belt Plain (Table 2; Simon unpubl, data). Six species were newly recorded from the watershed including: quillback quill·back n. pl. quillback or quill·backs A North American freshwater fish (Carpiodes cyprinus) that has one ray of the dorsal fin extending conspicuously beyond the others. (Carpiodes cyprinus), spotted sucker sucker, common name for members of the family Catostomidae, freshwater fish related to the minnow and catfish families and like them possessing an intricate set of bones forming a highly sensitive hearing apparatus. Suckers range in size from 6 in. (Minytrema melanops), brown bullhead Noun 1. brown bullhead - freshwater catfish of eastern United States bullhead catfish, bullhead - any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States (Ameiurus nebulosus), blackstripe topminnow The Blackstripe topminnow is a North American small freshwater fish, and is a designated at-risk fish species in Canada, protected as a species of Special Concern under Canada's Species at Risk Act. (Fundulus notatus), least darter (Etheostoma microperca), and logperch (Percina caprodes) (Table 2). All of the sucker species records are large-river habitat species. These species are more difficult to collect and are not generally present in small streams. The least darter (Etheostoma microperca) is one of the smallest fish in North America North America, third largest continent (1990 est. pop. 365,000,000), c.9,400,000 sq mi (24,346,000 sq km), the northern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere. and is often overlooked and easily missed due to gear problems. By using the smallest standard barmesh (5 mm stretch), the capture of the least darter was recorded. The logperch is a largeto moderate-sized river species that occurs in run habitat types. Fish assemblages during 1998-2003.--During this period 44 species were collected from five sites in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed (Table 2). Two species were newly recorded during this time period, including orangespotted sunfish The orangespotted sunfish (Lepomis humilis) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. The orangespotted sunfish reaches a maximum recorded length of about 15 cm. (Lepomis humilis) and blackside darter (Percina maculata) (Table 2). Percina maculata prefers woody Woody Slang to describe when the market has a strong and quick upward movement. Notes: For example, you'll hear "the market has a woody," when the market is performing well... seriously, we don't make this stuff up. debris debris /de·bris/ (de-bre´) fragments of devitalized tissue or foreign matter. In dentistry, soft foreign material loosely attached to a tooth surface. habitats, while Lepomis humilis is characteristic of open, turbid tur·bid adj. Having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy; cloudy. tur·bid  i·ty n. ,
prairie prairieLevel or rolling grassland, especially that found in central North America. Decreasing amounts of rainfall, from 40 in. (100 cm) at the forested eastern edge to less than 12 in. streams. Those species collected during these sampling events that were not previously recorded in 1994 sampling events include: Mississippi Mississippi, state, United States Mississippi (mĭs'əsĭp`ē), one of the Deep South states of the United States. It is bordered by Alabama (E), the Gulf of Mexico (S), Arkansas and Louisiana, with most of the border formed by silvery sil·ver·y adj. 1. Containing or coated with silver. 2. Resembling silver in color or luster: "A fountain threw high its silvery water" Harriet Beecher Stowe. minnow minnow, common name for the Cyprinidae, a large family of freshwater fish which includes the carp (Cyprinus carpio), and of which there are some 300 American species. The European minnow is Phoxinus phoxinus. (Hybognathus nuchalis), grass pickerel pickerel: see pike. pickerel Any of several North American pikes (family Esocidae), distinguished from the northern pike and muskellunge by their smaller size, completely scaled cheeks and gill covers, and banded or chainlike markings. (Esox americanus Noun 1. Esox americanus - small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states barred pickerel, redfin pickerel pickerel - any of several North American species of small pike ), orangespotted sunfish (Lepomis humilis), largemouth bass largemouth bass see micropterus salmoides. (Micropturus salmoides), and blackside darter (Percina maculata) (Table 2). Fish assemblages during 2004.--During this time period 65 species were collected from 80 sites (Table 2). Eleven species were newly collected during this period including: largescale stoneroller (Campostoma oligolepis), hornyhead chub (Nocomis biguttatus), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucus), southern redbelly dace The Southern redbelly dace (Phoxinus erythrogaster), is a North American species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the Phoxinus genus of the cyprinidae family. (Phoxinus erythrogaster), river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio), highfin carpsucker (Carpiodes velifer), channel catfish channel catfish see ictaluruspunctatus. channel catfish virus disease acute herpesvirus disease of young catfish fry. There is ascites, exophthalmos and hemorrhage in the fins. Widespread in North America. (Ictalurus punctatus), tadpole tadpole, larval, aquatic stage of any of the amphibian animals. After hatching from the egg, the tadpole, sometimes called a polliwog, is gill-breathing and legless and propels itself by means of a tail. madtom madtom: see catfish. (Noturus gyrinus), mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), warmouth war·mouth n. pl. war·mouths or warmouth A freshwater sunfish (Lepomis gulosus) of the eastern and midwestern United States, having an olive color, a large mouth, and minute teeth on its tongue. (Lepomis gulosus), black crappie black crappie n. An edible North American sunfish (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) having dark mottled coloring. Also called calico bass, strawberry bass. Noun 1. (Poxomis nigromaculatus), and freshwater drum The freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, is a fish endemic to North and Central America. It is the only freshwater species in the genus Aplodinotus. (Aplodinotus grunniens) (Table 2). Fish fauna similarity Similarity is some degree of symmetry in either analogy and resemblance between two or more concepts or objects. The notion of similarity rests either on exact or approximate repetitions of patterns in the compared items. concordance concordance /con·cor·dance/ (-kord´ins) in genetics, the occurrence of a given trait in both members of a twin pair.concor´dant con·cor·dance n. .--During 2004, we re-sampled four of the seven sites sampled by Fisher et. al. (1998) from 1994. These four sites were located in Tippecanoe County. The South Fork Wildcat Creek, SR 26 near Lafayette, had 43 species recorded during 1994 and 2004 with a similarity coefficient coefficient /co·ef·fi·cient/ (ko?ah-fish´int) 1. an expression of the change or effect produced by variation in certain factors, or of the ratio between two different quantities. 2. of 51.2%. The site on South Fork Wildcat Creek, CR 200 S bridge, yielded 42 species with a similarity coefficient of 26.2%, while a third site on South Fork Wildcat Creek yielded 37 species with similarity of 54.1%. The last site, Lauramie Creek, New Castle Road, had 26 species with a similarity coefficient of 53.8%. Condition of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed.--Based on the 2004 intensive watershed survey, the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed had an index of biotic integrity scores that range from 12 to 56 (mean = 39; Fig. 2). Seventy percent of the watershed is exceeding the State minimum IBI score with 29% achieving IBI scores [greater than or equal to] 48, which is considered to be "good" to "excellent" condition. Thirty percent of the watershed is considered to be biologically impaired (IBI score <36). All sites demonstrating biological impairments (IBI [less than or equal to] 35) were headwater head·wa·ter n. The water from which a river rises; a source. Often used in the plural. Noun 1. headwater - the source of a river; "the headwaters of the Nile" streams with drainage areas less then 51.8 [km.sup.2] (Fig. 2). IBI scores for these headwater streams range from 12 to 56 (mean = 34). Conversely con·verse 1 intr.v. con·versed, con·vers·ing, con·vers·es 1. To engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts, ideas, or feelings; talk. See Synonyms at speak. 2. , IBI scores for those streams with drainage areas greater then 51.8 [km.sup.2] range from 42 to 54 (mean=50; Fig. 2). Restoration efforts should focus on headwater streams in the watershed in order to protect the biological integrity of the larger streams in the watershed. [FIGURE 2 OMITTED] The current comprehensive study of the fishes of the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed advances our understanding of this rich and diverse watershed increasing the known species from the watershed to 73. The need for comprehensive inventories of watershed-specific fish assemblages is vital for trend assessment and to determine changes to specific guild guild Association of craftsmen or merchants formed for mutual aid and for the advancement of their professional interests. Guilds flourished in Europe between the 11th and 16th century and were of two types: merchant guilds, including all the merchants of a particular town or sensitive species. With continued emphasis being placed on maintaining and improving the water quality and biological integrity of watersheds, further efforts should be made to restore headwater streams in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to Indiana Department of Environmental Management staff that assisted in field collection. We especially thank: J. Butler, H. Jackson Jackson. 1 City (1990 pop. 37,446), seat of Jackson co., S Mich., on the Grand River; inc. 1857. It is an industrial and commercial center in a farm region. , B. Ratcliff, K. Kehoe and J. Prast for field assistance. Although this study may have been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, no endorsement should be inferred by these agencies. Manuscript manuscript, a handwritten work as distinguished from printing. The oldest manuscripts, those found in Egyptian tombs, were written on papyrus; the earliest dates from c.3500 B.C. received 1 September 2006, revised 2 November 2006. LITERATURE CITED CITED Copyright in Transmitted Electronic Documents CITEd Center for Implementing Technology in Education Carney, D.A., L.M. Page & T.M. Keevin. 1998. Fishes of the Tippecanoe River The Tippecanoe River is a gentle, 225 mile (362 km) long river in northern Indiana that flows from Lake Tippecanoe in Kosciusko County to the Wabash River near Battle Ground, about twelve miles northeast of Lafayette. , Indiana: An outstanding midwestern stream. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 101:201-209. Choi, J. & B.A. Engel. 2003. Watershed delineation: Web-GIS tools for spatial hydrologic analysis. Available at: http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/∼jychoi/wd_home/. Accessed 13 July 2006. Fisher, B.E., W.P. Wente, T.P. Simon & A. Spacie. 1998. The fishes of Tippecanoe County, Indiana Tippecanoe County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2000, the population was 148,955. The county seat is Lafayette6. History Tippecanoe County was formed March 1, 1826. . Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 107:151-166. Gerking, S.D. 1945. Distribution of Indiana fishes. Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams 3: 1-137. Gerking, S.D. 1955. Key to the fishes of Indiana. Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams 4: 49-86. IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006a. Title 327 of the Indiana Administrative Code, Indiana Environmental Rules: Water, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indianapolis, Indiana “Indianapolis” redirects here. For other uses, see Indianapolis (disambiguation). Indianapolis (IPA: [ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs]) is the capital city of the U.S. . http://in.gov/legislative/iac/iac_title?iact=327 IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2006b. Indiana Integrated Water Monitoring and Assessment Report 2006. B-001-OWQ-A-00-06-R3. (Jody Arthur, ed.). Office of Water Quality, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Indianapolis, Indiana, http://www.in.gov/idem/programs/water/ 305b/index.html IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 1998. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Strategy 1996-2000. IDEM/32/01/013/ 1998. Indianapolis, Indiana. IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management). 2001. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Strategy 2001-2005. IDEM/32/01/021/ 2001. Indianapolis, Indiana. Omernik, J.M. & A.L. Gallant. 1988. Ecoregions This is a list of ecoregions as compiled by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The WWF identifies terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecoregions. The terrestrial scheme divides the Earth's land surface into 8 terrestrial ecozones, containing 867 smaller ecoregions. of the upper midwest The Upper Midwest is a region of the United States with no universally agreed-upon boundary, but it almost always lies within the US Census Bureau's definition of the Midwest and includes the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, as well as at least the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. states. EPA/600/3-88/037. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon Corvallis (IPA: [ˌkɔɹ ˈvæl ɪs]) is a city located in central western Oregon, USA. It is the county seat of Benton CountyGR6 . Simon, T.P. 1992. Biological Criteria Development for Large Rivers with an Emphasis on an Assessment of the White River Drainage, Indiana. EPA 905/R-92/006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois Illinois, river, United States Illinois, river, 273 mi (439 km) long, formed by the confluence of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers, NE Ill., and flowing SW to the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill. It is an important commercial and recreational waterway. . Simon, T.P. 2006a. Biodiversity of fishes in the Wabash River: Status, indicators, and threats. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 115:000-000. Simon, T.P. 2006b. Development, calibration calibration /cal·i·bra·tion/ (kal?i-bra´shun) determination of the accuracy of an instrument, usually by measurement of its variation from a standard, to ascertain necessary correction factors. , and validation See validate. validation - The stage in the software life-cycle at the end of the development process where software is evaluated to ensure that it complies with the requirements. of an Index of Biotic Integrity for the Wabash River. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 115:000-000. Simon, T.P. & R.L. Dufour. 1998. Development of Index of Biotic Integrity Expectations for the Ecoregions of Indiana. V. Eastern Corn Belt Plain. EPA 905/R-96/003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois. Simon, T.P. & J.R. Stahl. 1998. Development of Index of Biotic Integrity Expectations for the Wabash River. EPA 905/R-96/005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois. Simon, T.P., J.O. Whitaker, Jr., J.S. Castrale & S.A. Minton. 2002. Revised checklist of the vertebrates of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 111:182-214. Simon, T.P., R.L. Dufour & B.E. Fisher. 2005. Changes in the biological integrity of fish communities in the Patoka River The Patoka River is a tributary of the Wabash River, approximately 138 mi (222 km) long, in southwestern Indiana in the United States. It drains a largely rural area of forested bottomland and agricultural lands among the hills north of Evansville. drainage as a result of anthropogenic disturbance DISTURBANCE, torts. A wrong done to an incorporeal hereditament, by hindering or disquieting the owner in the enjoyment of it. Finch. L. 187; 3 Bl. Com. 235; 1 Swift's Dig. 522; Com. Dig. Action upon the case for a disturbance, Pleader, 3 I 6; 1 Serg. & Rawle, 298. from 1888 to 2001. In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas. (J.N. Rinne, R.M. Hughes & B. Calamusso, eds.). American Fisheries fisheries. From earliest times and in practically all countries, fisheries have been of industrial and commercial importance. In the large N Atlantic fishing grounds off Newfoundland and Labrador, for example, European and North American fishing fleets have long Society Symposium symposium In ancient Greece, an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry. It began as a warrior feast. Rooms were designed specifically for the proceedings. 45. Smith, P.W. 1973. The Fishes of Illinois. University of Illinois Press The University of Illinois Press (UIP), is a major American university press and part of the University of Illinois. Overview According to the UIP's website: . Champaign, Illinois “Champaign” redirects here. For topics with similar names, see Champagne. Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, in the United States. As reported in the 2000 U.S. Census, the city was home to 67,518 people. . Trautman, M.B. 1981. The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press The Ohio State University Press, founded in 1957, is a university press and a part of The Ohio State University. External links
The Ohio State University . Columbus, Ohio. Alison K. Stephan, Charles C. Morris, Stacey L. Sobat and Kevin J. Crane: Biological Studies Section, Indiana Department of Environmental Management, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 USA Thomas (language) Thomas - A language compatible with the language Dylan(TM). Thomas is NOT Dylan(TM). The first public release of a translator to Scheme by Matt Birkholz, Jim Miller, and Ron Weiss, written at Digital Equipment Corporation's Cambridge Research Laboratory runs P. Simon: Aquatic Research Center, Indiana Biological Survey, 6440 South Fairfax Road, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 USA
Table 1.-Site locations sampled in the South Fork Wildcat Creek
watershed. Site numbers correspond to Table 2 and are shown in
Figure 1. Source codes are as follows: a Gerking (1954), b Fisher et
al. (1998), c REMAP (1995), d IDEM (1998-2003), e IDEM Stressor ID
(2004).
Site
No. Source County
1 b Tippecanoe
2 c Tippecanoe
3 b, e Tippecanoe
4 d, e Tippecanoe
5 e Tippecanoe
6 e Tippecanoe
7 a, b, e Tippecanoe
8 a Tippecanoe
9 e Tippecanoe
10 b, e Tippecanoe
11 b, e Tippecanoe
12 e Tippecanoe
13 e Tippecanoe
14 b Tippecanoe
15 b, e Tippecanoe
16 e Tippecanoe
17 e Tippecanoe
18 e Tippecanoe
29 e Tippecanoe
20 e Tippecanoe
21 e Tippecanoe
22 e Clinton
23 e Clinton
24 e Clinton
25 e Clinton
26 e Clinton
27 e Clinton
28 a, e Clinton
29 e Clinton
30 e Clinton
31 d Clinton
32 e Clinton
33 e Clinton
34 e Clinton
35 e Clinton
36 e Clinton
37 c, e Clinton
38 e Clinton
39 e Clinton
40 a Clinton
41 e Clinton
42 c, e Clinton
43 e Clinton
44 e Clinton
45 e Clinton
46 e Clinton
47 e Clinton
48 e Clinton
49 e Clinton
50 e Clinton
51 e Clinton
52 e Clinton
53 e Clinton
54 e Clinton
55 e Clinton
56 e Clinton
57 e Clinton
58 e Clinton
59 d Clinton
60 e Clinton
61 e Clinton
62 e Clinton
63 e Clinton
64 e Clinton
65 e Clinton
66 e Clinton
67 c Clinton
68 e Clinton
69 e Clinton
70 e Clinton
71 c, e Clinton
72 e Clinton
73 d, e Clinton
74 e Clinton
75 e Clinton
76 e Clinton
77 e Clinton
78 e Clinton
79 c, e Clinton
80 e Clinton
81 e Clinton
82 e Clinton
83 e Clinton
84 e Tipton
85 e Tipton
86 e Tipton
87 e Tipton
88 e Tipton
Site
No. County
1 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 100 N
2 Lauramie Creek @ 8 S Rd
3 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ SR 26
Near Lafayette
4 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 5A E
5 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 550 E
6 Lauramie Creek @ CR 800 S
7 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 200 S
8 Unnamed Trib @ CR 7 E
9 Lauramie Creek @ CR 9 S
10 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 500 S
11 Lauramie Creek @ New Castle Rd
12 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 200 S
13 Anderson Ditch @ CR 1000 S
14 Lauramie Creek @ U.S. 52
15 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 900 E
16 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 900 E
17 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ 1000 E
18 Lauramie Creek @ CR 1000/10 S
29 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 1000 E
20 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 700 S
21 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 350 S
22 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 950 W
23 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR
250 N
24 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR
250 N
25 McClellan Fickle Ditch @ CR
180 S
26 Lauramie Creek @ CR 900 W
27 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 850 W
28 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ Mulberry
Jefferson Rd
29 Lick Run @ Newcastle Road
30 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
Gasline Rd
31 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ W
Mulberry-Jefferson Rd
32 Lick Run @ CR 600 W
33 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 600 W
34 Spring Creek @ CR 200 N
35 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 580 W
36 Kilmore Creek @ CR 600 W Near
Hamilton
37 Heavilon Ditch @ CR 450 W
38 Kilmore Creek @ CR 400 W
39 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 300 W
40 Kilmore Creek @ 2 mi.
S Cambria
41 Boyles Ditch @ CR 400 N
42 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 200 N
43 Kilmore Creek @ CR 130 W
44 Unnamed Trib @ CR 100 N
45 Trib of Prairie Creek @
SR 38/39
46 Prairie Creek @ CR 150 N
47 Prairie Creek @ Clay St
48 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 00 Rd
49 Trib of Boyles Ditch @ CR 00 Rd
50 Unnamed Trib @ CR 00 Rd
51 Prairie Creek @ Kyger St
52 Prairie Creek @ Kelley Rd
53 Trib of Prairie Creek @
Washington Ave
54 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 130 E
55 Mann Ditch @ CR 150 S
56 Kilmore Creek @ CR 180 E
57 Prairie Creek @ CR 180 E
58 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 300 E
59 Unnamed Trib @ CR 250 N
60 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
CR 250 N
61 Trib of S Fk Wildcat Creek @
Michigantown Rd
62 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 400 E
63 Kilmore Creek @ CR 400 E
64 Talbert Ditch @ CR 500 E
65 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 300 N
66 Walker Ditch @ SR 29
67 S Fk Wildcat Creek @
Michigantown Rd
68 Kilmore Creek @ SR 29
69 Jenkins Ditch @ SR 29
70 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 200 N
71 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 730 E
72 S Fk Wildcat Creek @ CR 830 E
73 Kilmore Creek @ CR 500 N
74 Cripe Ditch @ Western
Walker Rd
75 Davis Ditch @ CR 400 N
76 Kilmore Creek @ CR 900 E
77 Kilmore Creek @ CR 1000 E
78 Stump Creek @ CR 1000 E
79 Swamp Creek @ CR 1100 E
80 Kilmore Creek @ CR 750 W
81 Trib of Swamp Creek @
CR 1250 E
82 Swamp Creek @ CR 1350 E
83 Paris Ditch @ CR 1350 E
84 Lydy Fillenworth Ditch @
CR 600 W
85 Shanty Creek @ CR 600 W
86 Mott Ditch@ CR 600 W
87 Shanty Creek @ CR 500 W
88 Collier Ditch @ CR 1100 W
Latitude Longtitude
1 40 [degrees] 25.56' -86 [degrees] 47.18'
2 40 [degrees] 17.54' -86 [degrees] 46.6'
3 40 [degrees] 25.5' -86 [degrees] 46.5'
4 40 [degrees] 23.59' -86 [degrees] 46.28'
5 40 [degrees] 24.1' -86 [degrees] 45.57'
6 40 [degrees] 18.5' -86 [degrees] 45.50'
7 40 [degrees] 23.19' -86 [degrees] 45.46'
8 40 [degrees] 23.41' -86 [degrees] 44.49'
9 40 [degrees] 17.7' -86 [degrees] 44.46'
10 40 [degrees] 20.37' -86 [degrees] 44.43'
11 40 [degrees] 19.8' -86 [degrees] 44.34'
12 40 [degrees] 23.19' -86 [degrees] 44.3'
13 40 [degrees] 16.22' -86 [degrees] 44.26'
14 40 [degrees] 17.3' -86 [degrees] 44.2'
15 40 [degrees] 19.1 I' -86 [degrees] 43.59'
16 40 [degrees] 22.3' -86 [degrees] 43.58'
17 40 [degrees] 19.37' -86 [degrees] 43.5'
18 40 [degrees] 16.22' -86 [degrees] 43.3'
29 40 [degrees] 21.34' -85 [degrees] 43.24'
20 40 [degrees] 18.57' -86 [degrees] 42.9'
21 40 [degrees] 21.59' -86 [degrees] 42.42'
22 40 [degrees] 19.45' -86 [degrees] 41.8'
23 40 [degrees] 19.18' -86 [degrees] 41.31'
24 40 [degrees] 19.23' -86 [degrees] 40.9'
25 40 [degrees] 15.44' -86 [degrees] 40.54'
26 40 [degrees] 16.38' -86 [degrees] 40.32'
27 40 [degrees] 19.50' -86 [degrees] 39.55'
28 40 [degrees] 19.40' -86 [degrees] 39.3'
29 40 [degrees] 17.13' -86 [degrees] 38.6'
30 40 [degrees] 20.20' -86 [degrees] 38.59'
31 40 [degrees] 19.45' -86 [degrees] 38.50'
32 40 [degrees] 16.10' -86 [degrees] 37.8'
33 40 [degrees] 19.0' -86 [degrees] 37.6'
34 40 [degrees] 18.58' -86 [degrees] 37.50'
35 40 [degrees] 19.14' -86 [degrees] 37.48'
36 40 [degrees] 20.9' -86 [degrees] 37.0'
37 40 [degrees] 17.31' -86 [degrees] 35.24'
38 40 [degrees] 20.32' -86 [degrees] 34.50'
39 40 [degrees] 19.26' -86 [degrees] 33.45'
40 40 [degrees] 20.10' -86 [degrees] 33.11'
41 40 [degrees] 20.37' -86 [degrees] 33.11'
42 40 [degrees] 18.54' -86 [degrees] 32.37'
43 40 [degrees] 20.12' -86 [degrees] 31.55'
44 40 [degrees] 18.2' -86 [degrees] 30.9'
45 40 [degrees] 15.10' -86 [degrees] 30.35'
46 40 [degrees] 18.36' -86 [degrees] 30.26'
47 40 [degrees] 16.27' -86 [degrees] 30.25'
48 40 [degrees] 18.55' -86 [degrees] 30.22'
49 40 [degrees] 21.39' -86 [degrees] 30.21'
50 40 [degrees] 22.4' -86 [degrees] 30.21'
51 40 [degrees] 17.24' -86 [degrees] 30.18'
52 40 [degrees] 15.52' -86 [degrees] 30.10'
53 40 [degrees] 17.3' -86 [degrees] 29.57'
54 40 [degrees] 19.8' -86 [degrees] 28.57'
55 40 [degrees] 15.52' -86 [degrees] 28.53'
56 40 [degrees] 20.43' -86 [degrees] 28.23'
57 40 [degrees] 14.27' -86 [degrees] 28.21'
58 40 [degrees] 19.31' -86 [degrees] 26.60'
59 40 [degrees] 19.25' -86 [degrees] 26.55'
60 40 [degrees] 19.21' -86 [degrees] 26.52'
61 40 [degrees] 18.28' -86 [degrees] 26.37'
62 40 [degrees] 19.46' -86 [degrees] 25.51'
63 40 [degrees] 20.47' -86 [degrees] 25.51'
64 40 [degrees] 17.30' -86 [degrees] 24.48'
65 40 [degrees] 19.48' -86 [degrees] 24.31'
66 40 [degrees] 17.24' -86 [degrees] 23.40'
67 40 [degrees] 19.19' -86 [degrees] 23.39'
68 40 [degrees] 21.20' -86 [degrees] 23.35'
69 40 [degrees] 20.12' -86 [degrees] 23.35'
70 40 [degrees] 18.57' -86 [degrees] 22.39'
71 40 [degrees] 18.19' -86 [degrees] 22.22'
72 40 [degrees] 18.33' -86 [degrees] 21.5'
73 40 [degrees] 21.34' -86 [degrees] 21.22'
74 40 [degrees] 17.13' -86 [degrees] 20.60'
75 40 [degrees] 20.41' -86 [degrees] 20.60'
76 40 [degrees] 20.55' -86 [degrees] 20.15'
77 40 [degrees] 21.44' -86 [degrees] 19.7'
78 40 [degrees] 21.56' -86 [degrees] 19.7'
79 40 [degrees] 19.36' -86 [degrees] 17.58'
80 40 [degrees] 21.12' -86 [degrees] 16.16'
81 40 [degrees] 18.50' -86 [degrees] 16.16'
82 40 [degrees] 19.18' -86 [degrees] 15.8'
83 40 [degrees] 18.27' -86 [degrees] 15.8'
84 40 [degrees] 21.9' -86 [degrees] 14.11'
85 40 [degrees] 21.32' -86 [degrees] 14.44'
86 40 [degrees] 19.7' -86 [degrees] 13.52'
87 40 [degrees] 21.25' -86 [degrees] 13.19'
88 40 [degrees] 21.39' -86 [degrees] 13.19'
Table 2.--List of fish species collected from the South Fork Wildcat
Creek watershed. Numbers indicate the sites at which each species has
been collected based on information in Table 1 and Figure 1. * This
species was identified as Lucxilus cornutus chrysocephalus, and is now
recognized as a valid species, Luxilus chrysocephalus.
Gerking Fisher et RE AP
Species (1945) al., (1994) (1995)
Petromyzontidae
Ichthyomyzon unicuspis 3, 10
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus osseus 10
Clupidae
Dorosoma cepedianum 3, 7 7, 37
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum 7, 28 1, 3, 7, 10, 2, 3, 7, 42
11, 14, 15 67, 71, 79
Campostoma oligolepis
Cyprinella spiloptera 7, 28 1, 3, 7, 10, 37, 67, 79
11, 15
Cyprinella whipplei 1, 3, 7
Cyprinus carpio 3, 7, 10 2, 79
Ericymba buccata 7, 28, 40 1, 3, 10, 11, 2, 37, 67,
14 71
Hybognathus nuchalis 7
Hybopsis amblops 7, 28 1, 3, 7, 10, 2, 37
11
Luxilus chrysocephalus 3, 7, 10, 11, 2, 3, 7, 42
12, 15 67, 71, 79
Luxilus cornutus * 7, 28, 40
Lythrurus umbratilis 7, 28 3, 10, 11, 67, 79
12, 15
Nocomis biguttatus
Nocomis micropogon 7 1, 3, 7, 10 2
11, 15
Notemigonus crysoleucus
Notropis rubellus 7, 28 7, 10, 11
Notropis stramineus 7 1, 3, 7, 10 2, 37, 67
11, 15 71
Notropis volucellus 7, 28 1
Notropis wickliffi 1
Phenacobius mirabilis 7 1, 3
Phoxinus erythrogaster
Pimephales notatus 7, 28, 40 1, 37, 10, 2, 37, 42,
11, 14, 15 67, 71, 79
Pimephales promelas 15
Rhinichthys obtusus 3, 11, 14
Semotilus atromaculatus 7 3, 10, 11 2, 37, 42
14 67, 71, 79
Esocidae
Esox americanus 28
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio
Carpiodes cyprinus 79
Carpiodes velifer
Catostomus commersonii 28 7, 11, 14, 2, 3, 7, 67,
15 71, 79
Erimyzon oblongus 40 79
Hypentelium nigricans 7 l, 3, 7, 10, 2, 37, 42
11, 14, 15 67, 71, 79
Minytrema melanops 67
Moxostoma anisurum 7 3, 10, 15
Moxostoma duquesnei 1, 3, 7, 10 37
15
Moxostoma erythrurum 7, 28 3, 15 37, 67
Moxostoma macrolepidotum 1, 7
Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas 3 79
Ameiurus natalis 3, 11, 14 42, 67, 79
Ameiurus nebulosus 2, 42
Ictalurus punctatus
Noturus flavus 7 3 37
Noturus gyrinus
Noturus miurus 7 10
Pylodictis olivaris 1
Fundulidae
Fundulus notatus 79
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris 7, 28 37, 10, 11 2, 37, 67
Lepomis cyanellus 28 1, 3, 7, 10 37, 42, 67,
11 71, 79
Lepomis gulosus
Lepomis humilis
Lepomis macrochirus 28 3, 7, 10 37, 79
Lepomis megalotis 28, 40 1, 3, 7, 10 2, 37, 42,
11, 14, 15 67, 71, 79
Lepomis microlophus 3
Micropterus dolomieu 7, 28 1, 3, 7, 10, 2, 37, 67
11, 15
Micropturus punctulatus 7 1, 3, 10
Micropturus salmoides 40
Pomoxis annularis 3
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Percidae
Etheostoma blennioides 740 1, 3, 7, 10, 2, 37, 42,
11, 15 67, 71, 79
Etheostoma caeruleum 7, 28, 40 1, 3, 7, 10, 37, 42, 67,
11, 15 71, 79
Etheostoma camurum 7
Etheostoma flabellare 7 11, 14 37
Etheostoma microperca 71
Etheostoma nigrum 28, 40 3, 10, 11, 2, 37, 42,
14 67, 71, 79
Etheostoma spectabile 3, 10, 11, 2, 42, 67,
14 71, 79
Percina caprodes 37
Percina maculata
Percina sciera 1, 3, 10, 11 2, 37
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens
Cottidae
Cottus bairdii 7 3, 10, 11, 2, 37
14
IDEM IDEM Stressor
Species (1998-2003) ID (2004)
Petromyzontidae
Ichthyomyzon unicuspis
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus osseus
Clupidae
Dorosoma cepedianum 73 3, 7, 10, 22, 27
28, 39, 56, 63
68, 76
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum 4, 31, 59 3-6, 9-11, 16, 17,
73 20, 22-24, 28-
30, 32-34, 36-
39, 41-44, 48,
51-58, 60-62,
65, 68-73, 75,
80
Campostoma oligolepis 13, 18, 26, 35
45-47, 76-79,
85
Cyprinella spiloptera 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15
17, 22, 27, 28
33-36, 39, 42,
43, 46, 48, 54
56, 58, 62, 63
65, 68, 73, 76
79, 80, 85, 87
Cyprinella whipplei 73 3, 10, 35
Cyprinus carpio 31, 73 3, 9, 10, 15, 22
26, 35, 39, 45
47, 48, 56, 58
63, 68, 73, 76
Ericymba buccata 4, 8, 73 4, 1, 16, 18, 33-
36, 38, 39, 43,
46, 48, 52, 54-
57, 62, 70, 73
76
Hybognathus nuchalis 4 4
Hybopsis amblops 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 6, 22, 28,
33-36, 39, 42,
43, 46, 48, 54,
56, 63, 68, 73,
Luxilus chrysocephalus 6, 9, 18, 34, 42,
46-48, 51, 52,
55, 58, 62, 68,
79
Luxilus cornutus *
Lythrurus umbratilis 59, 73 4, 26, 32, 39, 42
46, 48, 52, 54,
56, 68, 73, 80,
81, 87
Nocomis biguttatus 37
Nocomis micropogon 4, 31 4, 10, 33, 35
Notemigonus crysoleucus 26, 32, 37
Notropis rubellus 31 10, 11, 28, 33-36,
43
Notropis stramineus 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 6, 9, 33, 35,
36, 38, 39, 42,
43, 46, 48, 51,
54, 56, 58, 62,
65, 68, 73, 76,
80
Notropis volucellus
Notropis wickliffi
Phenacobius mirabilis 35
Phoxinus erythrogaster 4, 13, 16, 19, 20,
23, 24, 30, 45,
57
Pimephales notatus 4, 8, 31, 59, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13,
73 15-18, 22, 23,
26-30, 32-34,
36-39, 42-48,
51, 52, 54-58,
60-65,68,70-
76, 79, 80, 83-
85, 87
Pimephales promelas 33, 43, 57
Rhinichthys obtusus 8, 59 4, 6, 9, 13, 16,
18-20, 23, 24,
29, 30, 32-35,
37, 41, 42, 45,
46, 51-55, 57,
58, 60-62, 64,
65, 69-72,75,
81, 82
Semotilus atromaculatus 8, 59, 73 4-6, 9, 11-13, 16,
18-20, 23-26,
29, 30, 32-39,
41-58, 60-65,
68-81, 83-85,
87
Esocidae
Esox americanus 8 3, 5, 12, 22, 36
38, 43, 56, 81-
83, 85
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio 7, 39
Carpiodes cyprinus 73 7, 10, 15, 22, 27
28
Carpiodes velifer 10, 15, 17
Catostomus commersonii 59, 73 4, 6, 9-11, 13,
16-18, 20, 22-
24, 26, 29, 32-
39, 42, 43, 46-
48, 51-58, 60-
63, 65, 68-76,
79-81, 83
Erimyzon oblongus 73 30, 62, 63, 68, 70
72, 77, 79-84,
87
Hypentelium nigricans 4, 31, 73 3-7, 9-11, 15, 17,
22, 27, 28, 33-
36, 38, 39, 42,
43, 46, 48, 51,
54, 56, 58, 62,
63, 65, 68, 70,
73, 76
Minytrema melanops 73 15, 35, 39, 46, 48
54, 56, 58, 62,
63, 65, 68, 73,
79, 80, 85
Moxostoma anisurum 4 3, 4, 7, 15, 17, 22
27, 35, 39
Moxostoma duquesnei 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 7, 10, 15, 17
22, 27, 28, 33,
35, 36, 38, 39,
42, 43, 48, 56,
58, 63, 68, 76,
79
Moxostoma erythrurum 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15
17, 22, 27, 28,
33, 35, 36, 38,
39, 43, 48, 54,
56, 58, 63, 65,
68, 73, 76
Moxostoma macrolepidotum 31 1, 7, 15, 28
Ictaluridae
Ameiurus melas 2, 6, 57, 81, 83, 85
Ameiurus natalis 73 9, 10, 26, 37, 38
43, 44, 46-48,
51, 52, 56, 62-
65, 68, 70, 72,
73, 76, 77, 79,
80, 83, 85-87
Ameiurus nebulosus 56, 65
Ictalurus punctatus 3, 7, 35
Noturus flavus 39, 43
Noturus gyrinus 80, 85
Noturus miurus 4 4, 10, 43, 56
Pylodictis olivaris
Fundulidae
Fundulus notatus 73 64, 70, 76-78, 80,
82, 84, 85
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis 64
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris 4, 31 4, 7, 9-11, 15, 17,
18, 22, 27, 28,
33, 35, 36, 38,
42, 43, 46-48,
51, 52, 54, 56,
58, 62, 65, 71,
72, 79
Lepomis cyanellus 8, 59, 73 3, 4, 9-12, 17, 18,
24, 26-29, 32,
34-39, 43-49,
51, 53, 55-57,
61-63, 65, 68,
70-73, 75-88
Lepomis gulosus 27
Lepomis humilis 31, 73 22, 28, 73, 79, 83
Lepomis macrochirus 4, 73 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15,
22, 23, 27, 28,
33-39, 42, 48,
54, 55, 62, 63,
68, 70, 73, 76-
80, 85, 87
Lepomis megalotis 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10,
12, 15, 17, 22,
27, 28, 33-36,
38, 39, 42, 43,
46-48, 51, 52,
54, 56-58, 62,
63, 65, 68, 70,
72, 73, 76-80,
85, 87
Lepomis microlophus
Micropterus dolomieu 4, 31 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11,
15, 17, 22, 23
27, 28, 33-36,
38, 39, 42, 43,
46, 48, 54, 56,
58, 62, 65,70
Micropturus punctulatus 73 4, 10, 18, 26, 28,
33, 34, 39, 44,
48, 55, 58, 61,
63, 65, 68, 73,
75-79, 85
Micropturus salmoides 73 3, 42, 47, 48, 58
62, 65, 68, 70,
73, 80, 83, 85
Pomoxis annularis 73 3, 68
Pomoxis nigromaculatus 35
Percidae
Etheostoma blennioides 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11,
15, 17, 18, 22,
27, 28, 33-36,
38, 39, 42, 43,
46, 48, 51, 54,
56, 58, 62, 63,
65, 68, 70, 72,
73, 76, 80, 87,
Etheostoma caeruleum 4, 31, 73 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11,
15, 17, 22, 23,
27-29, 33-36,
38, 39, 42, 43,
47, 48, 51, 52,
54, 56, 58, 62,
63, 65, 68, 70,
71, 73, 76, 78
Etheostoma camurum
Etheostoma flabellare 28, 36, 43
Etheostoma microperca 12, 62, 64, 71, 72
74
Etheostoma nigrum 4, 59, 73 3, 4, 6, 7, 9-11,
15, 18, 22-29,
32-39, 42-48,
51, 52, 54-58,
60, 62-65, 68-
73, 75, 76, 79,
80, 87
Etheostoma spectabile 8 3-6, 9-11, 13,
16-20, 23-26,
29, 30, 32, 35,
37, 42, 44-49,
51, 52, 54, 55,
58, 61-64, 69-
72, 75, 77, 78,
80, 81, 87
Percina caprodes 28
Percina maculata 73 27, 43, 56, 63, 68
73
Percina sciera 4 3, 4, 10, 11, 15
17, 22, 28, 33
38, 43, 63
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens 3, 7, 10, 33, 35,
63
Cottidae
Cottus bairdii 4 4, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16,
18, 23, 24, 29,
32, 34, 36-38,
41-43
Table 3.--Comparison of probabilistic data collected from three
periods in the South Fork Wildcat Creek watershed from 1995 to 2004.
REMAP--Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program
(1995); Probability--Random sampling design on Upper Wabash River
drainage (1995-2003); Stressor--Targeted sampling design on South
Fork Wildcat Creek drainage (2004).
REMAP Probability
Species Count % Count %
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum 1 <1% 12 1%
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum 417 22% 56 3%
Campostoma oligolepis
Cyprinella spiloptera 18 1% 65 4%
Cyprinella whipplei <1% 1 <1%
Cyprinus carpio 16 1% 17 1%
Ericymba buccata 18 1% 36 2%
Hybognathus nuchalis 1 <1%
Hybopsis amblops 8 <1% 30 2%
Luxilus chrysocephalus 69 4%
Lythrurus umbratilis 3 <1% 12 1%
Nocomis biguttatus
Nocomis micropogon 6 <1% 12 1%
Notemigonus crysoleucus
Notropis rubellus 14 1%
Notropis stramineus 39 2% 39 2%
Phenacobius mirabilis
Phoxinus erythrogaster
Pimephales notatus 205 11% 390 22%
Pimephales promelas 2
Rhinichthys obtusus 7 <1%
Semotilus atromaculatus 224 12% 220 13%
Esocidae
Esox americanus 3 <1%
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio 1 <1% <1%
Carpiodes cyprinus 2 <1% 1 <1%
Carpiodes velifer
Catostonuts commersonii 126 7% 44 3%
Erimyzon oblongus 12 1% 6 <1%
Hypentelium nigricans 63 3% 36 2%
Minytrema melaonps 1 <1% 27 2%
Moxostoma anisurum 1 <1%
Moxostoma duguesnei 8 <1% 75 4%
Moxostoma erythrurum 6 <1% 97 6%
Moxostoma macrolepidotum 1 <1%
Ictaluridae
Ameiurtts melas 2 <1%
Ameiurus natalis 10 1% 45 3%
Ameiurus nebulosus 2 <1%
Ictalurus punctatus
Noturus flavus 1 <1%
Noturus gyrinus
Noturus gyrinus l <1%
Fundulidae
Fundulus notatus 14 1% 4 <1%
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris 9 <1% 4 <1%
Lepomis cyanellus 22 1% 92 5%
Lepomis gulosus
Lepomis humilis 16 1%
Lepomis macrochirus 3 <1% 22 1%
Lepomis megalotis 63 3% 192 11%
Micropterus dolomieu 5 <1% 3 <1%
Micropturus punctulatus 17 1%
Micropturus salmoides 4 <1%
Pomoxis annularis 1 <1%
Poxomis nigromaculatus
Percidae
Etheostoma blennioides 119 6% 59 3%
Etheostoma caeruleum 152 8% 23 1%
Etheostoma flabellare 8 <1%
Etheostoma microperca 1 <1%
Etheostoma nigrum 113 6% 29 2%
Etheostoma spectabile 128 7% 1 <1%
Percina caprodes 1 <1%
Percina maculata 1 <1%
Percina sciera 3 <1% 24 1%
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens
Cottidae
Cottus bairdii 8 <1% 6 <1%
Stressor Total
Species Count % Count %
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum 90 <1% 103 <1%
Cyprinidae
Campostoma anomalum 3399 15% 3872 14%
Campostoma oligolepis 549 2% 549 2%
Cyprinella spiloptera 367 2% 450 2%
Cyprinella whipplei 9 <1% 10 <1%
Cyprinus carpio 67 <1% 100 <1%
Ericymba buccata 173 1% 227 1%
Hybognathus nuchalis 1 <1%
Hybopsis amblops 337 1% 375 1%
Luxilus chrysocephalus 92 <1% 161 1%
Lythrurus umbratilis 79 <1% 94 <1%
Nocomis biguttatus 1 <1% 1 <1%
Nocomis micropogon 4 <1% 22 <1%
Notemigonus crysoleucus 12 <1% 12 <1%
Notropis rubellus 50 <1% 64 <1%
Notropis stramineus 255 1% 333 1%
Phenacobius mirabilis 1 <1% 1 <1%
Phoxinus erythrogaster 137 1% 137 1%
Pimephales notatus 1996 9% 2591 10%
Pimephales promelas 3 <1% 5 <1%
Rhinichthys obtusus 1742 7% 1749 7%
Semotilus atromaculatus 4773 21% 5217 19%
Esocidae
Esox americanus 44 <1% 47 <1%
Catostomidae
Carpiodes carpio 9 <1% 10 <1%
Carpiodes cyprinus 10 <1% 13 <1%
Carpiodes velifer 6 <1% 6 <1%
Catostonuts commersonii 1205 5% 1375 5%
Erimyzon oblongus 39 <1% 57 <1%
Hypentelium nigricans 440 2% 539 2%
Minytrema melaonps 60 <1% 88 <1%
Moxostoma anisurum 20 <1% 21 <1%
Moxostoma duguesnei 333 1% 416 2%
Moxostoma erythrurum 319 1% 422 2%
Moxostoma macrolepidotum 5 <1% 6 <1%
Ictaluridae
Ameiurtts melas 11 <1% 13 <1%
Ameiurus natalis 107 <1% 162 1%
Ameiurus nebulosus 2 <1% 4 <1%
Ictalurus punctatus 4 <1% 4 <1%
Noturus flavus 2 <1% 3 <1%
Noturus gyrinus 3 <1% 3 <1%
Noturus gyrinus 8 <1% 9 <1%
Fundulidae
Fundulus notatus 47 <1% 65 <1%
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis 6 <1% 6 <1%
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites rupestris 153 1% 166 1%
Lepomis cyanellus 742 3% 856 3%
Lepomis gulosus 2 <1% 2 <1%
Lepomis humilis 22 <1% 38 <1%
Lepomis macrochirus 150 1% 175 1%
Lepomis megalotis 781 3% 1036 4%
Micropterus dolomieu 164 1% 172 1%
Micropturus punctulatus 55 <1% 72 <1%
Micropturus salmoides 34 <1% 38 <1%
Pomoxis annularis 2 <1% 3 <1%
Poxomis nigromaculatus 1 <1% 1 <1%
Percidae
Etheostoma blennioides 1007 4% 1185 4%
Etheostoma caeruleum 836 4% 1011 4%
Etheostoma flabellare 5 <1% 13 <1%
Etheostoma microperca 108 <1% 109 <1%
Etheostoma nigrum 1150 5% 1292 5%
Etheostoma spectabile 724 3% 853 3%
Percina caprodes 1 <1% 2 <1%
Percina maculata 13 <1% 14 <1%
Percina sciera 44 <1% 71 <1%
Sciaenidae
Aplodinotus grunniens 11 <1% 11 <1%
Cottidae
Cottus bairdii 408 2% 422 2%
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