New 'ultra' thermoplastics contend for top of performance pyramid.

The industry's broadest line of highly heat- and chemical-resistant thermoplastics is being fortified with several new amorphous and crystalline materials in the so-called "ultra-performance" category. According to Solvay Advanced Polymers, Alpharetta, Ga., market demand for lighter, tougher alternatives to metals, ceramics, and thermoset composites is driving development of new options at the top tier of the resin performance pyramid. Such "ultra" polymers are experiencing 15% annual demand growth, according to Solvay.

Its new SolvaSpire family of materials is said to be the largest portfolio of "ultra" polymers in the industry. There are five products in this family:

* New KetaSpire PEEK, a drop-in replacement for Victrex PEEK.

* New AvaSpire modified PEEK, a lower-cost version with somewhat lower properties.

* PrimoSpire self-reinforced polyphenylene (SRP), a novel amorphous resin.

* New EpiSpire high-temperature sulfone (HTS).

* Solvay's existing Torlon polyamide-imide (PAI).

Solvay is competing with a handful of suppliers that offer one polymer apiece in this category: Victrex USA Inc., the originator of PEEK; Degussa High Performance Polymers, also introducing PEEK (see sidebar); Mitsui Chemicals America with a thermoplastic polyimide; and most recently, GE Plastics with a newTP polyimide of its own (see p. 64). Thermoset polyimides (PI), like DuPont's Kapton film and Vespel shapes, also compete in this market area.

New options in PEEK

New KetaSpire PEEK is based on the same technology used to manufacture Victrex PEEK. Considered a drop-in replacement for Victrex, KetaSpire comes as powder or pellets. The crystalline material boasts a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 148 C, HDT of 315 C, and continuous-use temperature up to 240 C. Two unreinforced grades have an HDT of 162 C. Other key features include strong chemical resistance to organic solvents, acids, and bases and excellent fatigue resistance and wear resistance. The eight grades include ones with 30% glass or carbon fiber. Neat grades range in melt flow from 3 to 36 grams/10 min at 400 C--reportedly similar to the flow range of Victrex PEEK. Application areas include chemical processing, medical sterilization, electronics, and semiconductors.

KetaSpire PEEK is different from the Gatone PEEK line that Solvay acquired in 2006 with its purchase of Gharda Polymers in India. Those are made by a different process that results in darker color and different processability. Solvay will continue to offer Gatone, primarily in Asia, but will discontinue its own Kadel PEEK products.

More tailored PEEK materials that meet specific application requirements are being introduced under the AvaSpire banner. These are said to fill a price/performance gap because they cost as much as 15% less than standard PEEK. They provide high toughness and temperature resistance although there is a compromise in chemical resistance and strength, says Solvay. The line includes two unreinforced grades and three glass-filled (up to 40%) materials.

Both KetaSpire and AvaSpire PEEK can be injection molded or extruded on standard thermoplastic processing equipment. Solvay said both materials are available in limited quantities from a semi-commercial plant in Alpharetta. A new 1.1-million-lb plant, expandable to double that capacity, is scheduled to come on stream in early 2008 at a plant in India.

Amorphous offerings, too

Solvay also announced new developments in self-reinforcing polyphenylene, a material formerly known as Parmax and acquired last year through the purchase of start-up company Mississippi Polymer Technologies. The material's claim to fame is exceptional strength, stiffness, and hardness with no fillers or reinforcements (see "Learn More" box). The first grade, for compression molding, became available in 2004. Recent enhancements from Solvay include improved processability for injection molding and extrusion.

The transparent amorphous material, renamed PrimoSpire, features a rigid-rod molecular structure that gives it exceptional compressive strength--up to 35,000 psi (241 MPa), one of the highest among thermoplastics. Other key properties include low moisture absorption, high chemical resistance, inherent flame resistance, strong cryogenic performance, and 60% greater strength and stiffness than unreinforced PEEK and amorphous PEI. PrimoSpire PR-120 is for compression molding and extrusion; PR-250 is for injection molding and extrusion.

Targeted uses include aerospace components, surgical instruments, medical devices, semiconductors, and high-strength tubing. One of the first commercial applications is a chip-test socket of PR 120. Solvay is also evaluating PrimoSpire for low-density foam and extruded film for medical tubing. Initial price is about $60/1b, approximately 20% higher than standard PEEK.

Meanwhile, new high-heat grades of an amorphous sulfone polymer will replace roughly equivalent grades produced by two different technologies--Solvay's Supradel HTS, introduced in late 2004 (see "Learn More"), and Gharda's Gafone PSS-B. The materials have been renamed EpiSpire and become available globally (unlike their predecessors) in 2007. They have higher heat resistance than Solvay's Radel sulfone resins--Tg of 245 to 265 C unfilled and HDT of 455 to 491 F (235 to 255 C) at 264 psi (1.82 MPa).

Solvay's ultra polymers also include Torlon PAI. An expanded line, including new low-friction and wear-resistant grades, Hill be introduced this year.

LEARN MORE Online

Visit

www.ptonline.com/articles/200701cu1.html for a link to these related articles:

* "Self-Reinforcing" Thermoplastic Is Harder, Stronger, Stiffer Without Added Fibers, June '03

* K 2004 Wrap-Up: Materials, Feb. '05

NEED TO KNOW MORE?

For more information on these companies and their products, visit www.ptonline.com/suppliers:

Degussa High Performance Polymers, Farmington Hills, Mich. [phone] * www.degussa-hpp.com

Solvay Advanced Polymers, Alpharetta, Ga. [phone] * www.solvayadvancedpolymers-us.com

Victrex USA Inc., Greenville, S.C. [phone] * www.victrex.com

Another New Name in PEEK

The top of the thermoplastic performance pyramid is also the target of JIDA Degussa, a joint venture of Degussa High Performance Polymers, Farmington Hills, Mich., and Jilin University in China. The venture manufactures Vestakeep PEEK at a plant in Changchun, China. The material is marketed by Degussa HPP. Degussa believes PEEK is capable of double-digit growth and complements its other engineering resins such as nylon 12 and 612, PBT, and copolyesters. Its PEEK development was aided by the 2005 acquisition of know-how and patents from Ticona GmbH in Germany related to polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK).

The recent global launch of Vestakeep includes nine grades for injection molding and extrusion. They comprise high- and low-viscosity resins, both unfilled and reinforced with up to 30% glass or carbon fiber. Vestakeep boasts an HDT of 153 to 240 C and offers mechanical and chemical performance equivalent to competitive PEEK grades, says Degussa.

Commercial applications have been only in Europe so far. Degussa hopes to achieve cost/performance benefits by using PEEK in multi-material systems and multilayer films. Initial cost is competitive with standard PEEK grades.