New, wider UN mission to monitor ongoing peace process.

The Security unanimously adopting resolution 872 1993) on 5 October, decided to establish the United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda (UNAMIR) to monitor the implementation of a peace agreement between the Government and the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF).

The Council welcomed the signing of that agreement in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania on 4 August 1993, marking the end of a three-year civil war. The two parties were urged to implement it in good faith.

The mandate of UNAMIR, as spelled out by the Council, is to: contribute to the security of the Rwandese capital city of Kigali; monitor observance of the cease-fire agreement between the two parties; and monitor the security situation during the final period of the mandate of a proposed transitional government, leading up to elections, probably in 1995.

UNAMIR is also to assist in mine clearance, resettlement of refugees and displaced persons, and coordination of humanitarian assistance. It was to investigate incidents regarding the gendarmerie and police, as well as instances of alleged non-compliance with the peace agreement relating to integration of the armed forces.

UNAMIR'S mandate was originally specified for six months but, if extended, may terminate following national elections and the installation of a new government in Rwanda, both scheduled to occur by October 1995, but no later than December of that year.

Rwanda had asked for deployment of a neutral international force on 3 August.

The United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOTAUR) - established by the Council on 22 June to ensure that no military assistance reached Rwanda through Uganda - was to come under the command of UNAMIR, a new, wider peace-keeping operation, the Council decided. Brigadier-General Romeo A. Dallaire of Canada was appointed UNOMUR Chief Military Observer on 2 July.

UNOMUR had begun deploying its 81 military observers on the Ugandan side of the border on 18 August, two weeks after the signing of the Arusha Agreement.

UNOMUR observers would remain a stabilizing factor, the Secretary-General reported (S/26488) on 24 September, while its chain of command and logistics would be integrated into UNAMIR.

UNAMIR would also incorporate elements of the Neutral Military Observer Group (NMOG II), dispatched by the Organization of African Unity (OAU). An initial OAU force had monitored the cease-fire in Rwanda from July 1992 to July 1993. In early August, it was replaced by the 132-strong NMOG II force.

Also on 24 September, the Secretary-General prescribed four phases of the peace-keeping operation.

In the first phase, essential conditions for installing a transitional government in Kigali should be created.

UNAMIR was to reach its peak strength of 2,548 military personnel in the second phase, when the process of disengagement, demobilization and integration of government and RPF forces was to begin.

Phase three would see a reduction in the Mission's force strength, and would last until the demobilization and integration process was completed. In the last phase, a further reduced UNAMIR would help ensure a secure atmosphere for the final stage; of the transitional period leading up to elections.

To guarantee a successful UN role in Rwanda, the parties must cooperate fully with one another and with the UN under the Arusha Agreement, and the UN must receive adequate human and financial resources.

A reconnaissance mission had visited Rwanda from 19 to 31 August, as well as the United Republic of Tanzania - the facilitator for that peace negotiations-and the OAU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

By March 1993, some 900,000 people - 13 per cent of Rwanda's population - had been displaced. With the signing of the peace agreement, it was estimated that some 600,000 had already returned to their homes.

On 31 August, the World Food Programme (WFP) announced it had redeployed a major part of its trucking fleet in Somalia to its emergency programme in Rwanda, stating that the food security of an estimated 900,000 people remained of utmost concern.

WFP was also providing emergency food to some 1,500 Burundese refugees who had been in Rwanda since December 1991 following insecurity in Burundi.