More recent studies on fragrances.In response to Curtis (2004), I would like to cite more recent studies by researchers at the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, n.pr a United States–based organization that maintains a program for research and testing ingredients in fragrances, including those found in essential oils. , Inc. (RIFM RIFM, n See Research Institute for Fragrance Materials. ) that address the health and environmental effects of fragrances. The RIFM strives to be the international leader for the safe use of fragrance ingredients (Balk balk the action of a horse when it refuses to obey a command to which it usually responds. See also jibbing. et al. 2004; Bickers et al. 2003a; Cadby et al. 2002b; Smith 2003) and has ongoing research programs in the areas of fragrance allergy, human health effects (Cadby et al. 2002a; Bickers et al. 2003b), respiratory safety (Isola et al, 2004; Smith et al. 2004), and environmental impact (Salvito et al. 2002, 2004). The RIFM's comprehensive, logical, and documented research methods are modeled after the National Academy of Sciences' (NRC NRC abbr. 1. National Research Council 2. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Noun 1. NRC - an independent federal agency created in 1974 to license and regulate nuclear power plants ) Elements of Risk Assessment and Risk Management (NRC 1994). Research is prioritized (Ford et al. 2000) and designed using information in the RIFM proprietary database (RIFM 2004) and according to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. the needs of the scientific community and the general public. The database provides a clearinghouse for human health and environmental studios, as well as basic material information, and is maintained by continuously monitoring journals, government reports, company-sponsored research, and available literature to enable analysis of documented conclusions. All available information pertaining per·tain intr.v. per·tained, per·tain·ing, per·tains 1. To have reference; relate: evidence that pertains to the accident. 2. to the safety of fragrance materials, study protocols, and results are reviewed by an independent international panel of scientific and medical experts from the fields of toxicology, dermatology, pathology, and environmental science. Research results and safety evaluations are published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at professional meetings. In addition, the RIFM accepts proposals for sponsored scientific research and will work jointly with interested third parties to further knowledge on health and environmental issues. The author is employed by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials; he declares that the RIFM publishes its work in the peer-reviewed literature under the guidance of an independent scientific panel and receives support from the private sector. REFERENCES Balk F, Blok H, Salvito DT. 2004. Recent studies conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials in support of the risk assessment process. In: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol 3X (Rimkus G, ed). New York New York, state, United States New York, Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of :Springer Verlag, 311-331. Bickers DR, Calow P, Greim HA, Hanifin JM, Rogers AE, Saurat JH, et al. 2003a. The safety assessment of fragrance materials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 37:218-273. Bickers D, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin JM, Rogers AE, Saurat JH, et al. 2003b. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of linalool linalool a natural insecticidal compound found in oil extracted from citrus peel. Similar in activity to d-limonene. and related esters esters (esˑ·terz), n.pl organic compounds synthesized from acids and alcohols, typically possessing fruity aromas. when used as fragrance ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 41(7):919-942. Cadby PA, Troy WR, Vey MGH MGH Massachusetts General Hospital MGH McGraw-Hill Companies MGH Montreal General Hospital (Montreal, Canada) MGH Monumenta Germania Historica MGH May Go Home MGH Minneapolis General Hospital . 2002a. Consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients: providing estimates for safety evaluation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 36(3):246-252. Cadby PA, Troy WR, Middleton JD, Vey MGH. 2002b. Fragrances: are they safe? Flavour Fragr J 17:472-477. Curtis L. 2004. Toxicity of fragrances [Letter]. Environ Health Perspect 112:A461. Ford RA, Domeyer B, Easterday O, Maier K, Middleton J. 2000. Criteria for development of a database for safety evaluation of fragrance materials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 31:166-181. Isola DA, Rogers RE, Ansari R, Smith LW. 2004. Exposure characterization from a surrogate fine fragrance [Abstract]. Toxicologist 78(S-1):107. National Research Council (NRC). 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC:National Academy Press. RIFM (Research Institute for Frangrance Materials). 2004. RIFM Database. Available: http://www.rifm.org/members_rifm. htm [accessed 30 August 2004]. Salvito DT, Senna senna, any plant of the genus Sennia (formerly placed in Cassia), leguminous herbs, shrubs, and trees of the family Leguminosae (pulse family), most common in warm regions. RJ, Federle TW. 2002. A framework for prioritizing fragrance materials for aquatic risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 21(6):1301-1308. Salvito DT, Vey MGH, Senna RJ. 2004, Fragrance materials and their environmental impact. Flavour Fragr J 19:105-108. Smith LW. 2003. The scientific basis for sound decisions on fragrance material use [Editorial]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 37:172. Smith LW, Rogers RE, Black MS, Isola DA. 2004. Exposure characterizations of three fragranced products [Abstract]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 197(3):189. Ladd W. Smith Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey Woodcliff Lake is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population was 5,745. Woodcliff Lake is also the name of the reservoir that lies primarily within the town--a small part of it lies in neighboring E-mail: ehp@rifm.org |
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