Mississippi Academy of Sciences seventy-first annual meeting--program errata.

AGRICULTURE AND PLANT SCIENCE

FRIDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23

New Posters, Friday, 3:00p.

CHARACTERIZATION OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS FROM CATFISH OIL AND BIODIESEL

Supanee Danviriyakul (1), Ashli E. Brown (2*), William E. Holmes (3), Elizabeth C. Rogers (3), and Juan L. Silva (2), (1) Chandrakasem Rajabhat University. Bangkok, Thailand; (2) Mississippi State University, and (3) Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762.

The stability of biodiesel depends on the quality of the feedstock, transesterification process, environmental conditions, and other factors. Oxidation of biodiesel can lead to lower engine performance and shorter life. Oil breakdown can occur through hydrolysis of triglycerides and through oxidation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), resulting in low molecular weight FAs and/or polymerized molecules of very high MW. Polymerization can result in increased viscosity of the biodiesel and failure to meet ASTM standards. Catfish oil was trasesterified with excess methanol and sodium hydroxide and refined. The resulting product was heated to 80 and 110[degrees]C, with and without air. The oxidation products were analyzed using GC/MS and LC/MS. These highly selective analytical techniques allow identification and monitoring of these products. Samples stored without available oxygen did not produce significant ROOH or conjugated dienes, and the acid number remained low. When the samples were stored open to air, ROOH and conjugated dienes both increased. The acid number and viscosity increased more in samples exposed to air than for samples not exposed to air

UTILIZING ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR FISH DISEASES.

L. Petrie-Hanson, P. Khosravi, C.M. Hohn and L. Hanson. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.

Aquaculture, or the production and rearing of aquatic animal species, is rapidly growing throughout the world to replace dwindling natural resources. Channel catfish production is the largest aquaculture enterprise in the United States. The leading cause of loss in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) production is disease, with very high losses occurring at the fry stocking to fingerling stage. The leading cause of fry/fingerling loss is Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC), with 57.8% of fry/fingerling producers reporting losses. Providing broad protection against multiple pathogens at an early developmental stage is especially critical in extensive aquaculture because very young fish are placed in extremely vulnerable situations. Research investigating disease progression in channel catfish fry is difficult because channel catfish take 3 years to mature, and spawn once a year, so the availability of fry for developmental immunology studies is limited. Additionally, the genome of this species has not been sequenced, and micro array reagents are limited. These factors negatively impact developmental immunology and infectious disease research of this commercially important fish. Alternatively, zebrafish reproduce by three months of age, spawn weekly, are hardy and easy to maintain. The zebrafish genome has recently been sequenced; so characterizing the interaction of zebrafish and pathogens can be more readily investigated at the molecular level. We are investigating disease progression of several fish pathogens utilizing the zebrafish model.

CELLULAR, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 22

Moved Lecture, 2:00p. Moved to Health Sciences, Poster, Friday, 9:30a.

DELETION AND EPITOPE-TAGGING OF CELL CYCLE GENES USING UNCLONED PCR FUSION PRODUCTS AND HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS

Moved Lecture, 3:30p. Moved to Lecture, Friday, 10:15a.

EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE MOLD-SPECIFIC M46 GENE IN FIVE STRAINS OF THE PATHOGENIC FUNGUS HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

Moved Lecture, 3:45p. Moved to Lecture, Friday, 10:30a.

THE CO-EXPRESSION OF AMPKA, AMPKB, AND AMPK" FROM TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI

FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23

New Lecture, 10:45a.

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING POLYMORPHIC SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS IN GOSSYPIUM USING GENEENRICHED DNA SEQUENCES

Linda Ballard (1*), Abigail Newsome (2), and Brian E. Scheffler (1), (1) USDA-ARS-MSA Genomics Laboratory, Stoneville, MS 38776, (2) Mississippi Valley State University, Itta Bena, MS 38941

Over the last decade, the use of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) has greatly advanced the development of molecular markers. However, many of these SSRs are not proximal to genes even though many are derived from genomic DNA and can be linked to genes of interest. In addition, they can be related to potentially less desirable repetitive DNA regions from which to develop markers. Efforts to use expressed sequence tag sequences (ESTs) derived from coding DNA have provided a number of SSRs, but they are typically not polymorphic due to strong selection pressure to preserve the coding region. Polymorphism between parental lines or within a population are desirable characteristics of SSRs. The USDA MSA Genomics Laboratory generated 27,186 sequences from a pilot methylation filtration project involving four species of Gossypium. A novel technique was developed to screen this data for non-coding regions which contain SSRs associated with genes. Primers were designed for the selected SSRs. A Gossypium panel was genotyped using these primers and polymorphic SSRs were determined and categorized, within G. hirsutum and between five other Gossypium species of the Cotton Microsatellite Database panel.

New Lecture, 11:00a.

ROS INDUCED GERM LINE GENOMIC INSTABILITY (GI) IN THE HUMAN TESTIS 

Megid, W (2,3), Bacher, J (3), Bedran, W (1)., Prolla, T. (4), Menendez, C. (1) Lucena, E (5). and Kent-First, M.G (1,2) (1) Mississippi State University, (2) University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; (3) Promega Madison, WI; (4) University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, (5) CECOLFES, Bogota, Columbia.

The male germline is susceptible to damage that result from pro-mutagenic changes having the potential to generate mutations, including defects in mismatch repair (MMR), recombination errors, and DNA or chromatin fragmentation, specifically DNA strand breaks. Pro-mutagenic changes may be induced, for example, in the abortive apoptosis pathway, by deficiencies in natural processes such as recombination and chromatin packaging that involve the induction of DNA strand breaks, and by oxidative stress. Single and double DNA strand breaks are particularly frequent in DNA isolated from the ejaculates of sub-fertile men, as is aneuploidy and other indicators of genomic instability (GI). Men with this type of testis profile are at risk of developing testicular tumors.

There exists a need in the art for improved methods of evaluating germline specific genomic instability and to define the mechanism that leads to DNA strand breaks and/or chromosome instability. Detection of microsatellite and chromosomal instability will allow assessment of risk for testicular cancer, detection of acute exposure to ROS or mutagens, and monitoring of exposure over time. In our studies we have identified specific microsatellite repeats that are sensitive to ROS exposure in human and mouse cells. We have determined that these microsatellites are highly unstable in the germ line (sperm) of infertile men. We have shown that a significant subset of these infertile men followed over time develop germ cell tumors (testicular cancer). Results demonstrate that this genomic instability is a part of a ROS induced mutator phenotype in the testis that leads to tumorogenesis. ROS induced DNA strand breaks lead to progressive alterations in the testis including MSI and CIS. Though the normal DNA repair mechanisms are unaffected, ROS induced damage overrides the cells ability to repair DNA strand breaks leading to progressive alterations in the testis including MSI and CIS and tumor formation. The completion of this project provides a valuable clinical research tool to identify men at risk of testicular cancer and to track tumor progression.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23

Canceled Poster, 3:00p

EFFECT OF HETEROTROPHY ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE HERMATYPIC CORAL CAULASTREA ECHINULATA

Canceled Poster, 3:00p

CULTURE MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN DEVELOPMENT AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PORCINE PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS IN VITRO

Moved Poster, 3:00p. Moved to Health Sciences, Poster, Friday, 10:30a.

EFFECTS OF VALPROATE AND ALCOHOL ON CADHERIN EXPRESSION

HEALTH SCIENCES

THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22

Moved Lecture, 9:00a. Moved to Poster, Friday, 10:30a

COMPARISON OF GENE EXPRESSION IN MALIGNANT GASTRIC AND ENDOMETRIAL TUMORS

Moved Poster, 9:30a. Moved to Lecture, Thursday, 11:00a

CHARACTERIZATION OF PEDIATRIC PNEUMOCOCCAL OTITIS MEDIA ISOLATES

New Poster, 9:30a. Moved from Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Lecture, Thursday, 2:00p.

DELETION AND EPITOPE-TAGGING OF CELL CYCLE GENES USING UNCLONED PCR FUSION PRODUCTS AND HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS

Canceled Lecture, 11:00a

GENERATIONAL AGE DIFFERENCES IMPACT THE COLLEGE CLASSROOM

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 22

Moved Lecture, 3:00p. Moved to Friday, 10:30a poster session

BLOOD PRESSURE IS NOT SALT SENSITIVE IN OBESE DOGS

Canceled Lecture, 3:30p

THE EFFECT OF ELLAGIC ACID ADMINISTERED INTRAPERITONEALLY AND ORALLY IN TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI INFECTED RATS

FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23

New Poster, 10:30a. Moved from Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Poster, Friday, 3:00p.

EFFECTS OF VALPROATE AND ALCOHOL ON CADHERIN EXPRESSION

New Posters, 10:30a

CHOLESTEROL PRODUCTION INHIBITOR (STATIN) INCREASED BONE HEALING IN SURGICALLY CREATED FEMORAL DEFECT IN AN ANIMAL MODEL

Felix Adah (1), Hamed Benghuzzi (1), Michelle Tucci (1), George Russell (1), and Barry England (2). (1) University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS and (2) University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI

This study investigated the effects of dual delivery of statin and vancomycin on the healing process of a femoral defect injury using tricalcium phosphate lysine (TCPL) delivery system in an animal model. The experimental design consisted of 14 rats divided into the following three groups: Group I animals (n=5) served as the intact control without treatment. Group II animals (n=5) were subjected to a surgically induced defect (2 mm, midshaft of the right femur) and implanted (IM) with TCPL capsules loaded with vancomycin (20mg) (TCPL-AB). Group III animals (n=4) were operated on in a similar fashion as Group II, and subsequently implanted with TCPL capsules loaded vancomycin (20 mg) plus statin (5 mg). The animals were euthanized at 30 days post-implantation using overdose of isoflourane. The right femurs were then harvested in addition to the vital organs, the reproductive organs, and sample of the adjacent skeletal muscles. The hard and soft tissues were evaluated histopathologically by following laboratory standard techniques. The results of this study indicated that statin plus vancomycin treated animals healed in a greater magnitude than the sham group (independent evaluators (p<0.001)). Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that exposure to sustained delivery of statin resulted in increased in cortical width and periosteal area compared to the sham group (p<0.05). In conclusion, data obtained from this study demonstrated that sustained delivery of statin resulted in a remarkable increase in osteogenic activity.

BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN COMPARED WITH SIX OTHER ANTIGENS FOR THE DETECTION OF HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS

Mary J. Guo*, Michelle Branson, Sabrina Bryant, Margaret Jackson, James T. Johnson, and Margot Hall, University of Southern Mississippi. Hattiesburg, MS 39406

Human reproductive cancers are a major problem in the United States. In 2006, there were ~475,810 new cases (breast 212,920, ovarian 20,180, testicular 8, 250, prostate 234,460) and ~84,000 deaths (breast 40,970, ovarian 15,310, testicular 370, prostate 27,350) from reproductive cancers in the US. Tumor antigens are used for therapeutic monitoring and have been used in combination with other methods for the diagnosis of cancer. In this continuing study, our new goal was to compare the diagnostic potential of beta-2-microglobulin ($2M) with that of six other tumor antigens for breast, ovarian, testicular and prostate cancers. Sera from 554 patients (87 breast cancer, 6 ovarian cancer, 20 testicular cancer, 17 prostate cancer, 229 other cancers, and 195 non-cancer) were assayed for the presence of tumor antigens and the results correlated with diagnoses established pathologically. Immunoassay test kits from Diagnostic Automation ($2M, Ferritin), Hybritech (CEA), Centocor/Fugirebio Diagnostics (CA125, CA15-3, CA27.29), and Abbott (AFP) were used to test for the concentration of these antigens. Using the manufacturers= decision values the following diagnostic sensitivities were obtained: (Breast CA) $2M 77.3%, Ferritin 40.0%, CA 15-3 63.4%, CA27.29 39.3%, CEA 22.4%, CA125 12.1%, AFP 21.8%, (Ovarian CA) $2M: 50.0%, Ferritin 25.0%, CA 15-3 0.0%, CA27.29 0.0%, CEA 0.0%, CA125 16.7%, AFP 0.0%, (Testicular CA) $2M: 50.0%, Ferritin 31.3%, CA 15-3 30.0%, CA27.29 15.8%, CEA 20.0%, CA125 0.0%, AFP 23.5%. (Prostate CA) $2M: 57.1%, Ferritin 17.7%, CA 15-3 11.8%, CA27.29 17.7%, CEA 11.8%, CA125 5.9%, AFP 20.0%. We hypothesized that $2M would prove superior to the other markers and this hypothesis was accepted for all of the cancers.

BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN COMPARED WITH SIX OTHER TUMOR ANTIGENS FOR THE SERODIAGNOSIS OF PANCREATIC, GASTRIC, AND COLORECTAL CANCER

Michelle Branson*, Mary Guo, Sabrina Bryant, Margaret Jackson, James T. Johnson, and Margot Hall, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406.

With 33,730 (pancreatic), 22,280 (gastric), and 106,680 (colorectal) new cases and 32,300 (pancreatic), 11,430 (gastric), and 55,170 (colorectal) deaths estimated during 2006, pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancers are important pathologies in the USA. Tumor antigens have been used in combination with other methods for diagnosis. The objective of this study was the comparison of beta-2-microglobulin ($2M) with six other tumor antigens for diagnostic efficacy in pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that $2M would be the best tumor marker for these cancers. Sera from 554 patients (16 pancreatic cancer, 12 gastric cancer, 101 colorectal cancer, 230 other cancers, and 195 non-cancer) were assayed for the presence of tumor antigens and the results correlated with diagnoses established pathologically. Immunoassay test kits from Diagnostic Automation ($2M, CA242), Hybritech (CEA, CA195), Centocor/Fugirebio Diagnostics (CA19-9, CA72-4), and CIS Biointernational (CA50) were used to test for the concentration of these antigens. Using the manufacturers' decision values the following diagnostic sensitivities were obtained: Pancreatic CA: $2M 58.3%, CEA 37.5%, CA19-9 66.7%, CA195 100.0%, CA50 66.7%, CA242 66.7%, CA72-4 31.3%; Gastric CA: $2M 80.0%, CEA 50.0%, CA19-9 63.6%, CA195 58.3%, CA50 70.0%, CA242 70.0%, CA72-4 27.3%; Colorectal CA: $2M 28.4%, CEA 26.7%, CA19-9 18.8%, CA195 36.6%, CA50 18.2%, CA242 16.7%, CA72-4 17.0%. Diagnostic specificities were >75%. From these data we conclude that $2M was the best marker for gastric cancer supporting our hypothesis but that CA195 was superior for pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer rejecting our hypothesis.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 23

Moved Poster, 1:15p. Moved to Lecture, Thursday, 9:15a

SEASONAL VARIATION IN ANTI-CCV SERUM ACTIVITY IN CHANNEL CATFISH: IMPLICATION FOR BROODSTOCK SCREENING

Moved Poster, 1:15p. Moved to Lecture, Thursday, 11:00a

SELECTIVE HUMAN MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE RECEPTOR 1 AND MELANIN-CONCENTRATING HORMONE RECEPTOR 2 ANTAGONISTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISEASES

Moved Poster, 1:15p. Moved to Lecture,

IMMUNIZATION WITH PSPA INCORPORATED INTO A POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) MATRIX ELICITS PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AGAINST

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

Moved Poster, 1:15. Moved to Lecture, Thursday 2:30p

DOES YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM HAVE STRIPES? INVESTIGATING THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MAN AND ZEBRAFISH

Moved Poster, 1:15. Moved to Lecture, Thursday 3:00p

BUTORPHANOL-INDUCED NEURONAL ACTIVATION WITHIN THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND RESULTING ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARYADRENAL (HPA) AXIS

MATHEMATICS, COMPUTER SCIENCE AND STATISTICS

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 22

New Poster, 6:00p

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NORMALIZATION METHODS USED IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CDNA MICROARRAY DATA

Dharmendra K. Singh, Deborah L. Boykin, Abigail S. Newsom, Mississippi Valley State University, Itta Bena, MS 38941

Normalization methods used in the statistical analysis of cDNA microarray data are evaluated. The cDNA microarray is considered an efficient analytical tool for analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously in a single experiment. However, systematic variation in microarray, originating from various sources, affects the measurement of gene expression levels. The purpose of normalization methods is to identify and eliminate any systematic variance in the measurements. Several normalization methods, such as total intensity normalization, intensity-dependent normalization, and global normalization are studied. Our choice for the normalization method would depend on the nature of experiments, and the type of data set being used. Different normalization methods are compared to determine the most suitable method for achieving greatest precision and eliminate spatially dependent variability. Precision will be evaluated using analysis of variance procedure and measuring the rate of erroneous decisions. A Type I error occurs when significance is falsely declared and a Type II error occurs when important differences are not detected. Decreasing variability using these normalization and statistical analysis methods will decrease Type I and Type II error rates. Minimization in Type II error signifies grater precision or higher power of study. A lower Type I error, in the microarray case, results in a lower false discovery rate of responsible genes. Spatial patterns in variability will be detected by plotting residuals from analysis of variance using the x,y coordinates from the microarray slide. Our method will be focused on a maize research project to look at gene expression related to disease resistance.

PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22

New Presenter

Dr. Shaila Kahn's lectures will be given by Dr. Abu Khan.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, FEBRUARY 22

Division Business Meeting, New Time, 3:15p Division Poster Session, moved from Thursday, 3:20p to Thursday 6:00p in Bost Auditorium New Posters, 6:00p.

ELMO EATS BROCCOLI: A COMPARISON OF ACTUAL VERSUS REPORTED FOOD CHOICES

Christy Jayne* & Karen Christoff*, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677

The prevalence of childhood obesity has continued to grow over past decades and is reaching epidemic proportions. While decreasing the prevalence of overweight children is important, prevention is essential. Understanding ways that children develop eating habits is crucial to prevention efforts. Children can be picky eaters and reluctant to try new foods. However, there are ways to impact on food choices. Birch and Fisher (1997) found that children base their food decisions on someone that is in a similar or more powerful position to them. Others have found that exposing children to food advertisements can impact later food choices (e.g., Halford et al., 2004; Borzekowski & Robinson, 2001). The present study examined children's beliefs about healthy eating as well as factors that impact children's food choices. We looked at the impact of pairing foods with familiar images on children's reported and actual food choices. Food choices were recorded over three sessions. In the first session, food choices were not paired with images. In the second two sessions the food choices were paired with either a Muppet character or a shape. Examining frequencies of food choices showed that for children that picked the Muppet character as their favorite, pairing a food with a Muppet character increased the likelihood that those children would report that food as the favorite of a pair in a forced-choice protocol. However, the relationship was less strong when children actually got to eat the food they picked. Additional results and implications of the findings will be discussed. With special thanks to David Cohen and Jennifer Kotler of the Sesame Street Workshop

AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GREEK STATUS, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, ALCOHOL/SUBSTANCE USE, AND ASSOCIATED RISK BEHAVIOR

Kristen Sellers*, Carly Green*, and Karen Christoff, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677

The current study examined the relationship between social Greek organization membership, risk behavior, and a variety of social variables known to be associated with substance use. Approximately 300 undergraduate students at the University of Mississippi were administered the Texas Social Behavior Inventory, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, CDC's Youth's Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey, a risk behavior checklist, and a demographic questionnaire. Our sample consisted of 161 Greek students and 139 non-Greeks. A series of ANOVA's were computed to assess between group differences. Data indicate that non-Greek students report having significantly fewer friends than Greeks (F=11.7987, p=.001) and experiencing significantly greater loneliness than Greek students (F=4.972, p=.027). However, there were no differences in their self-perceived social competence. Therefore, their perceived ability to establish social relationships may not account for the differences in their actual social involvement. In addition, Greek students reported significantly more overall substance use (F=5.373, p=.021), in particular, alcohol (F=25.33, p=.000) and amphetamine (F=9.16, p=.003) use. Greeks also reported having engaged in risk behaviors associated with alcohol and substance use significantly more often than non-Greeks (F=30.191, p=.000). The data are consistent with the literature suggesting that students who are members of social Greek organizations engage in alcohol/substance use, as well as their associated risk behaviors, more often than non-Greeks. Risk behaviors may be seen as social in nature and depicting more social students as more likely to engage in more frequent risk behavior.

INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL

Paulo R. C. Lopes* and Juan L. Silva, Embrapa Semi-Arido, Petrolina, PE 56300-000, Brazil and Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762

Integrated (fruit) production, IFP is defined by the International Organization for Biological Control as a "farming system that produces high quality food and other products by using natural resources and regulating mechanisms to replace polluting inputs and to secure sustainable farming." Emphasis is placed on a holistic systems approach involving the entire farm as the basic unit, on the central role of agroecosystems, on balanced nutrient cycles, on the welfare of all species in animal husbandry, on the safety of the product, and the economic feasibility. Brazil optimized this system and has been able to apply it to more than 20 fruit crops and other agricultural commodities. The system is implemented by developing and adapting technologies needed, selecting production/packing facilities, changing the conventional practices into this system's approach, training of technicians and growers/packers. IFP includes the adaptation of Integrated Pest Management practices, use of GPS technology, monitoring and records, and continuous evaluation to improve and insure that the system is working. This system has resulted in over 80% reduction in chemical usage and a significant decrease in costs of production, development of guides specific to each fruit (product), and a stamp to identify the product satisfies IFP guidelines. This system also satisfies the new traceability requirements placed by buyers and regulators around the world. Today there are over 13,000 ha of mangoes and 6,000 ha of grapes under IFP.