Methodology.The Hate Crime Statistics Program of the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR (Under Color Removal) A method for reducing the amount of printing ink used. It substitutes black for gray color (equal amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow). Thus black ink is used instead of the three CMY inks. See GCR and dot gain. ) Program collects data regarding criminal offenses that are motivated mo·ti·vatetr.v. mo·ti·vat·ed, mo·ti·vat·ing, mo·ti·vates To provide with an incentive; move to action; impel. mo , in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation sexual orientation n. The direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes, especially a direction seen to be dictated by physiologic rather than sociologic forces. , ethnicity/ national origin, or disability and are committed against persons, property, or society. (Forthcoming system changes will also allow the future collection of data for crimes motivated by gender and gender identity as well as data about crimes committed by, and crimes directed against, juveniles.) Because motivation is subjective, it is sometimes difficult to know with certainty CERTAINTY, UNCERTAINTY, contracts. In matters of obligation, a thing is certain, when its essence, quality, and quantity, are described, distinctly set forth, Dig. 12, 1, 6. It is uncertain, when the description is not that of one individual object, but designates only the kind. Louis. whether a crime resulted from the offender's bias. Moreover, the presence of bias alone does not necessarily mean that a crime can be considered a hate crime. Only when law enforcement investigation reveals sufficient evidence to lead a reasonable and prudent person to conclude that the offender's actions were motivated, in whole or in part, by his or her bias, should an incident be reported as a hate crime. Data collection Incident types The UCR Program collects data about both single-bias and multiple-bias hate crimes. A single-bias incident is an incident in which one or more offense types are motivated by the same bias. A multiple-bias incident is an incident in which more than one offense type occurs and at least two offense types are motivated by different biases. Offense types The law enforcement agencies A law enforcement agency (LEA) is a term used to describe any agency which enforces the law. This may be a local or state police, federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) or the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). that voluntarily participate in the Hate Crime Statistics Program collect details about offenders' bias motivations associated with 11 offense types already being reported to the UCR Program: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter manslaughter, homicide committed without justification or excuse but distinguished from murder by the absence of the element of malice aforethought. Modern criminal statutes usually divide it into degrees, the most common distinction being between voluntary and , forcible forc·i·ble adj. 1. Effected against resistance through the use of force: The police used forcible restraint in order to subdue the assailant. 2. Characterized by force; powerful. rape, aggravated assault A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he or she attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another or causes such injury purposely, knowingly, or recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life; or attempts to cause or purposely or , simple assault, and intimidation (crimes against persons); and robbery robbery, in law, felonious taking of property from a person against his will by threatening or committing force or violence. The injury or threat may be directed against the person robbed, his property, or the person or property of his relative or of anyone in his , burglary burglary, at common law, the breaking and entering of a dwelling house of another at night with the intent to commit a felony, whether the intent is carried out or not. , larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft Motor vehicle theft or grand theft auto is a criminal act of theft generally understood to refer to the stealing of automobiles, buses, motorcycles, snowmobiles, trucks, trailers or any other motorized vehicle legally allowed on public roads and highways, including attempted , arson arson, at common law, the malicious and willful burning of the house of another. Originally, it was an offense against the security of habitation rather than against property rights. , and destruction/damage/vandalism (crimes against property). The law enforcement agencies that participate in the UCR Program via the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System (US DoD) ) collect data about additional offenses for crimes against persons and crimes against property. These data appear in Hate Crime Statistics in the category of other. These agencies also collect hate crime data for the category called crimes against society, which includes drug or narcotic narcotic, any of a number of substances that have a depressant effect on the nervous system. The chief narcotic drugs are opium, its constituents morphine and codeine, and the morphine derivative heroin. See also drug addiction and drug abuse. offenses, gambling gambling or gaming, betting of money or valuables on, and often participation in, games of chance (some involving degrees of skill). In England and in the United States, gambling was not a common-law crime if conducted privately. offenses, prostitution prostitution, act of granting sexual access for payment. Although most commonly conducted by females for males, it may be performed by females or males for either females or males. offenses, and weapon law violations. Together, the offense classification other and the crime category crimes against society include 34 Group A offenses (not listed) that are captured in the NIBRS, which also collects the previously mentioned 11 offense categories. (The Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook, NIBRS Edition [1992], provides an explanation of the 45 Group A Offenses.) Crimes against persons, property, or society The UCR Program's data collection guidelines guidelines, n.pl a set of standards, criteria, or specifications to be used or followed in the performance of certain tasks. stipulate stip·u·late 1 v. stip·u·lat·ed, stip·u·lat·ing, stip·u·lates v.tr. 1. a. To lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract. b. that a hate crime may involve multiple offenses, victims, and offenders within one incident; therefore, the Hate Crime Statistics Program is incident-based. According to according to prep. 1. As stated or indicated by; on the authority of: according to historians. 2. In keeping with: according to instructions. 3. UCR counting guidelines: * One offense is counted for each victim in crimes against persons. * One offense is counted for each offense type in crimes against property. * One offense is counted for each offense type in crimes against society. Victims In the UCR Program, the victim of a hate crime can be an individual, a business, an institution, or society as a whole. Offenders According to the UCR Program, the term known offender does not imply that the suspect's identity is known; rather, the term indicates that some aspect of the suspect was identified, thus distinguishing the suspect from an unknown offender. Law enforcement agencies specify the number of offenders and, when possible, the race of the offender or offenders as a group. Race/ethnicity The UCR Program uses the following five racial designations in its Hate Crime Statistics Program: White; Black; American Indian/Alaskan Native; Asian/Pacific Islander; and Multiple Races, Group. In addition, the UCR Program uses the ethnic designations of Hispanic Hispanic Multiculture A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race Social medicine Any of 17 major Latino subcultures, concentrated in California, Texas, Chicago, Miam, NY, and elsewhere and Other Ethnicity/National Origin. Data reporting Law enforcement agencies report hate crimes brought to their attention monthly or quarterly to the FBI either directly or through their state UCR Programs. These agencies submit hate crime data in either a NIBRS submission or an electronic hate crime record layout The format of a data record, which includes the name, type and size of each field in the record. via e-mail. Agencies may also submit hate crime data on printed forms titled the Hate Crime Incident Report and the Quarterly Hate Crime Report. Reporting via the NIBRS Agencies that report offense data to the FBI via the NIBRS use a data element within their reporting software The following is a list of notable reporting software. Commercial software
Reporting via the electronic hate crime record layout Law enforcement agencies that prefer electronic submissions but do not report via the NIBRS may use the hate crime record layout specified in the publication Hate Crime Magnetic Media Specifications for Tapes & Diskettes (January January: see month. 1997 [with subsequent amendments]). Reporting via printed forms Agencies that use the Hate Crime Incident Report and the Quarterly Hate Crime Report forms capture the following information about each hate crime incident: * Offense type and the respective bias motivation * Number and type of victims * Location of the incident * Number of known offenders * Race of known offenders For each calendar quarter, law enforcement agencies submit a Hate Crime Incident Report for each bias-motivated incident as well as a Quarterly Hate Crime Report, which summarizes the total number of incidents reported for the quarter. Agencies may also use a Quarterly Hate Crime Report to delete To remove an item of data from a file or to remove a file from the disk. See file wipe, trash and undelete. 1. (operating system) delete - (Or "erase") To make a file inaccessible. any previously reported incidents that were determined through subsequent investigation not to be bias motivated. If no hate crime incidents occurred in their jurisdictions that quarter, the agencies must still submit a Quarterly Hate Crime Report to report zero hate crime incidents. Population figures and area designations Estimates For the 2010 population estimates used in this report, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using 2000 decennial de·cen·ni·al adj. 1. Relating to or lasting for ten years. 2. Occurring every ten years. n. A tenth anniversary. population counts and 2001 through 2009 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Noun 1. Census Bureau - the bureau of the Commerce Department responsible for taking the census; provides demographic information and analyses about the population of the United States Bureau of the Census . Each agency's rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its 2009 Census population estimate to derive de·rive v. 1. To obtain or receive from a source. 2. To produce or obtain a chemical compound from another substance by chemical reaction. the agency's 2010 population estimate. Universities and colleges The figures listed for universities and colleges are student enrollments that were provided by the United States Department of Education The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. Created by the Department of Education Organization Act (Public Law 96-88), it began operating in 1980. for the 2009 school year, the most recent available. The enrollment figures include full-time and part-time students. County designations Based on the Office of Management and Budget's standards for defining Metropolitan Statistical Areas, the UCR Program refers to suburban counties as metropolitan counties and to rural counties as nonmetropolitan counties. Caution to users Valid assessments about crime, including hate crime, are possible only with careful study and analysis of the various conditions affecting each local law enforcement jurisdiction. (See Variables Affecting Crime.) In addition, some data in this publication may not be comparable to those in prior editions of Hate Crime Statistics because of differing levels of participation from year to year. Therefore, the reader is cautioned against making simplistic sim·plism n. The tendency to oversimplify an issue or a problem by ignoring complexities or complications. [French simplisme, from simple, simple, from Old French; see simple comparisons between the statistical data of this program and that of others with differing methodologies or even comparing individual reporting units solely on the basis of their agency type. Table methodology To be included in this publication, law enforcement agencies must have submitted either of the following: (1) at least one NIBRS Group A Incident Report, a Group B Arrest Report, or a Zero Report for at least 1 month of the calendar year or (2) at least one Hate Crime Incident Report and/or a Quarterly Hate Crime Report. The published data, therefore, do not necessarily represent reports from each participating agency for 12 months or 4 quarters. When examining the data contained in this report, data users should be aware that the first line following each table number presents that table's unit of analysis: incident, offense, victim, or known offender. The tabular presentation that follows briefly describes the data sources and the methods used to construct Tables 1-14.
(1) Table (2) Database
Participation All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime Statistics
Program.
1 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime Statistics Program.
2 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
3 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
4 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
5 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
6 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
7 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
8 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
9 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime Statistics Program.
10 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime Statistics Program.
11 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime Statistics Program.
12 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program.
13 All law enforcement
agencies participating in
the Hate Crime
Statistics Program.
14 All law enforcement agencies
participating in the
Hate Crime
Statistics Program.
(1) Table (3) Table Construction
Participation This table presents the
number of law enforcement agencies
number of law enforcement agencies
participating in the Hate
Crime Statistics Program
and their jurisdictions'
aggregate population for
2010 distributed by population group.
For the 2010 population estimates
used in this report, the FBI computed
individual rates of growth from one year to
the next for every city/town and county using 2000
decennial population counts and 2001 through 2009
population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Each agency's rates of growth were averaged; that
average was then applied and added to its
2009 Census population
estimate to derive the agency's 2010 population
estimate. The figures used for universities
and colleges are student enrollments that were
provided by the United States Department of
Education for the 2009 school year, the most
recent available. The
enrollment figures include
full-time and part-time students.
1 This table presents the
number of incidents, offenses,
victims, and known offenders
distributed by bias motivation.
2 This table presents the
number of incidents, offenses,
victims, and known offenders
distributed by offense type.
3 This table presents
the number of offenses distributed
by the known offender's
race and offense type.
4 This table presents
the number of offenses
distributed by the offense
type and bias motivation.
5 This table presents the
number of offenses distributed
by the known offender's race and bias motivation.
6 This table presents the
number of offenses distributed by
the victim type and offense type.
7 This table presents the
number of victims distributed
by the offense type and bias motivation.
8 This table presents the
number of incidents distributed
by the victim type and bias motivation.
9 This table presents
the number of known
offenders distributed
by the known offender's race.
10 This table
presents the number of
incidents distributed by the
bias motivation and location.
11 This table presents the
number of offenses distributed
by the offense type and reporting state.
12 This table presents the total
number of participating agencies,
the population represented, the
number of agencies that submitted
data about hate crime incidents,
and the number of incidents reported.
For the 2010 population estimates
used in this report, the FBI computed
individual rates of growth from one
year to the next for every city/town
and county using 2000 decennial population
counts and 2001 through 2009 population
estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.
Each agency's rates of growth were
averaged; that average was then applied and
added to its 2009 Census population estimate
to derive the agency's 2010 population
estimate. The figures used for universities
and colleges are student enrollments that were
provided by the United States Department
of Education for the 2009 school year,
the most recent available. The
enrollment figures include full-time
and part-time students.
13 This table presents the data
from those agencies that reported
one or more hate crime incidents occurred
in their respective jurisdictions during
one or more quarters in 2010. The
data are distributed by
bias motivation and quarter.
For the 2010 population estimates used
in this report, the FBI computed individual
rates of growth from one year to the next for every
city/town and county using 2000 decennial
population counts and 2001 through 2009 population
estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency's
rates of growth were averaged; that average was then
applied and added to its 2009 Census population
estimate to derive the agency's 2010 population
estimate. The figures used for universities and
colleges are student enrollments that were
provided by the United States Department
of Education for the 2009 school
year, the most recent available. The
enrollment figures include full-time and
part-time students.
14 This table lists the agencies that indicated
that no hate crime incidents occurred in their
respective jurisdictions during the quarter(s)
in 2010 for which they submitted reports.
For the 2010 population estimates used in
this report, the FBI computed individual rates
of growth from one year to the next for every
city/town and county using 2000 decennial
population counts and 2001 through 2009
population estimates from the U.S.
Census Bureau. Each agency's rates of
growth were averaged; that average was then
applied and added to its 2009 Census
population estimate to derive the agency's
2010 population estimate. The figures
used for universities and colleges are
student enrollments
that were provided by the United States Department
of Education for the 2009 school year, the most recent
available. The enrollment
figures include full-time and part-time students.
(1) Table (4) General Comments
Participation
1
2 Because incidents may include
more than one offense type, the
column figures will not add to the
total number of incidents.
Because some offenders are responsible for
more than one offense type, the column figures
will not add to the total number
of known offenders.
3
4
5
6 The victim type Society/Public
is collected only in the NIBRS.
7
8 There may be only one bias
motivation per offense type.
9
10
11 Hawaii does not participate in the
motivation per offense type.
12 Hawaii does not participate in
the Hate Crime Statistics Program.
13 Blanks in any of the four columns
under Number of incidents
per quarter indicate
that an agency did not submit a
report for that particular quarter.
Hawaii does not participate in
the Hate Crime Statistics Program.
14 Blanks in any of the four columns
under Zero data per quarter indicate
that an agency did not submit a report
for that particular quarter.
Hawaii does not participate in the
Hate Crime Statistics Program.
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