Meeting report: development of environmental health indicators in Brazil and other countries in the Americas.This report summarizes the Brazilian experience on the design and implementation of environmental health, with contributions from Argentina Argentina (ärjəntē`nə, Span. ärhāntē`nä), officially Argentine Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 39,538,000), 1,072,157 sq mi (2,776,889 sq km), S South America. , Canada Canada (kăn`ədə), independent nation (2001 pop. 30,007,094), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland and the French islands of , and Cuba Cuba (ky  `bə, Span. k`bä), officially Republic of Cuba, republic (2005 est. pop. , presented at the International Symposium symposiumIn ancient Greece, an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry. It began as a warrior feast. Rooms were designed specifically for the proceedings. on the Development of Indicators for Environmental Health Integrated Management, held in Recife Recife (rəsē`fĭ) [Port.,=reef], city (1991 pop. 1,298,229), capital of Pernambuco state, NE Brazil, a port on the Atlantic Ocean. It is also called Pernambuco by foreigners. , Pernambuco Pernambuco (pərnəmb `k ), state (1991 pop. 7,127,855), 37,946 sq mi (98,280 sq km), NE Brazil, on the Atlantic Ocean. , Brazil Brazil (brəzĭl`), Port. Brasil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, republic (2005 est. pop. 186,113,000), 3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km), E South America. , on 17-18 June June: see month. 2004. The
methodology for the development of environmental health indicators has
been used as a reference in the implementation of environmental health
surveillance in Brazil. This methodology has provided tools and
processes to facilitate the understanding and to measure the
determinants of risks to environmental health, to help decision makers
control those risks. Key words: environmental health indicators,
environmental health surveillance, integrated management. Environ en·vi·ron tr.v. en·vi·roned, en·vi·ron·ing, en·vi·rons To encircle; surround. See Synonyms at surround. [Middle English envirounen, from Old French environner Health Perspect 114:1407-1408 (2006). doi:10.1289/ehp.8486 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 12 June 2006] ********** From 1998 to the present, the Ministry of Health of Brazil has implemented environmental health surveillance (EHS EHS Environmental Health and Safety EHS Early Head Start (pre-school program) EHS Extremely Hazardous Substance (EPA) EHS Environmental Health Services EHS Exchange Hosted Services ) within the National Public Health System. The methodology for the development of environmental health indicators became one of the key issues for the implementation of EHS. The driving force, pressure, state/situation, exposure, effects, action (DPSEEA) model approach was applied to develop appropriate indicators (Corvalan et al. 1999). This matrix model takes into consideration the relationship cycle process among economic and social dynamics Social dynamics is the study of the ability of a society to react to inner and outer changes and deal with its regulation mechanisms. Social dynamics is a mathematically inspired approach to analyse societies, building upon systems theory and sociology. , environmental response, and human health. Thus, the driving forces consist of the economic and social processes, resulting in pressures such as the intensive use of particular natural resources. Both driving forces and pressures contribute to the situation/state scenarios where the environment is often contaminated contaminated, v 1. made radioactive by the addition of small quantities of radioactive material. 2. made contaminated by adding infective or radiographic materials. 3. an infective surface or object. or deteriorated, facilitating human exposure to environmental risk factors that might produce effects on health. For each of these categories, indicators and action proposals are developed to gain a more complete understanding of the problem as well as to visualize measures to be taken in each level of complexity of the cycle (Figure 1). The Regional Experience An international symposium on the development of indicators for integrated environmental health management, as a prior activity to the VI Brazilian Congress of Epidemiology epidemiology, field of medicine concerned with the study of epidemics, outbreaks of disease that affect large numbers of people. Epidemiologists, using sophisticated statistical analyses, field investigations, and complex laboratory techniques, investigate the cause , took place in Recife, Brazil, on 17-18 June 2004. The symposium involved presentation and discussions on the Brazilian experience with the development of environmental health indicators and exchange of experiences with similar initiatives in Canada, Cuba, and Argentina. The symposium was organized by the Ministry of Health of Brazil under the auspices aus·pi·ces 1 n. Plural of auspex. auspices Noun, pl under the auspices of with the support and approval of [Latin auspicium augury from birds] Noun of the Pan American Health American Health Inc. is a company that manufactures health supplements. It is located in Holbrook, New York. One of its products is labeled the "Chewable Original Papaya Enzyme" with the attached registered trademark, "The 'After Meal Supplement'". Organization/World Health Organization and the Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Saude may refer to:
The main objectives of the symposium were to assess the use of the indicators for the environmental health integrated management in the countries of the Americas A·mer·i·cas , the See America. , to present the Brazilian experience in the development of indicators regarding the integrated management of environmental health, and to contribute, through the development of environmental health indicators, to the strengthening of the following initiatives: a) the Health and Environment Ministers of the Americas meeting, b) the Pan American Health Organization The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is an international public health agency with 100 years of experience in working to improve health and living standards of the countries of the Americas. It serves as the specialized organization for health of the Inter-American System. Environmental Health Collaborating Centers Network, and c) methodologies for the integrated assessment of environmental health in the Americas. The experiences in developing indicators in some countries in the American American, river, 30 mi (48 km) long, rising in N central Calif. in the Sierra Nevada and flowing SW into the Sacramento River at Sacramento. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill (see Sutter, John Augustus) along the river in 1848 led to the California gold rush of continents were evaluated, with particular attention to their usefulness in the decision-making processes Presented below is a list of topics on decision-making and decision-making processes: | width="" align="left" valign="top" |
| width="" align="left" valign="top" | Conclusions and Recommendations The symposium, in addition to presenting the experiences in Brazil and other countries, assessed ways of adopting the proposed methodology for the development of environmental health indicators and their use in the integrated management of actions on related health and environment issues, with the following conclusions: * The development of the environmental health indicators should be interdisciplinary in·ter·dis·ci·pli·nar·y adj. Of, relating to, or involving two or more academic disciplines that are usually considered distinct. interdisciplinary Adjective and participatory, focused on the economic, social, and environmental contexts that represent risk situations to human health. * The indicators should be built based on priorities, considering what society considers to be a problem, and should lead to health protection and the promotion of changes, as well as to facilitate decision making, considering health as a social value. * The development of environmental health indicators should also respect and incorporate community-based knowledge, the interdisciplinary and intersectorial approach toward integrated management. * The participation of government decision makers in the identification and development of indicators is highly valuable because it results in an improved future management of the problems identified. The environmental health indicators matrix (DPSEEA) also proved useful for the analysis of complex problems and for the analysis of emerging issues, such as the products of nanotechnology nanotechnology: see micromechanics. nanotechnology Manipulation of atoms, molecules, and materials to form structures on the scale of nanometres (billionths of a metre). , genetic manipulation, and nonionizing radiation among others. DPSEEA, which is a framework that organizes information from economic and social dynamics, environmental response, and human health, addresses all the complex levels of a given problem, and it is more efficient in the analysis of such problems compared with other cause-and-effect models. It promotes a holistic Holistic A practice of medicine that focuses on the whole patient, and addresses the social, emotional, and spiritual needs of a patient as well as their physical treatment. Mentioned in: Aromatherapy, Stress Reduction, Traditional Chinese Medicine view of the issues and is therefore effective in the identification of relevant indicators. It is also a valuable tool for learning, training, and deeper discussions on complex exposure-effect process relationships in environmental health. Workshop participants commented that DPSEEA would have some limitations if understood only in a linear and vertical form without considering the complex socioenvironmental contexts and their relation with underlying health problems, environment, and quality of life. REFERENCES Corvalan CF, Briggs Briggs , Henry 1561-1630. English mathematician who devised the decimal-based system of logarithms and invented the modern method of long division. D, Zielhuis G. 2000. Decision Making in Environmental Health: From Evidence to Action. London London, city, Canada London, city (1991 pop. 303,165), SE Ont., Canada, on the Thames River. The site was chosen in 1792 by Governor Simcoe to be the capital of Upper Canada, but York was made capital instead. London was settled in 1826. :E & FN Spon. Corvalan CF, Kjellstrom T, Smith KR. 1999. Health, environment and sustainable development Sustainable development is a socio-ecological process characterized by the fulfilment of human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment indefinitely. The linkage between environment and development was globally recognized in 1980, when the International Union : identifying links and indicators to promote action. Epidemiology 10:656-660. Maciel Maciel is a surname of several people it is of Portuguese origin.
A person with the surname of Oliveira Places In Brazil:
Fernando F. Carneiro, (1) Mara Lucia C. Oliveira, (2) Guilherme F. Netto, (1) Luis A.C a.c., adv the abbreviation for ante cibum, a Latin phrase meaning “before eating.” . Galvao, (3) Jacira A. Cancio, (2,4) Estela M. Bonini, (1) Carlos F. Corvalan, (5) and the Participants in the International Symposium on the Development of Indicators for Environmental Health Integrated Management (1) General Coordination for Environmental Health Surveillance in Health Surveillance, Secretariat/Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil; (2) Pan-American Health Organization Pan-American Health Organization, inter-American health organization. It was established in 1902 as the International Sanitary Bureau; the present name was adopted in 1958. Its members include all the Latin American nations, Canada, and the United States. , Office in Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil; (3) Pan-American Health Organization, Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, USA; (4) Catholic University, Brasilia, Brazil; (5) World Health Organization, Geneva Geneva, canton and city, Switzerland Geneva (jənē`və), Fr. Genève, canton (1990 pop. 373,019), 109 sq mi (282 sq km), SW Switzerland, surrounding the southwest tip of the Lake of Geneva. , Switzerland Address correspondence to Fernando Carneiro, Rua Angelin, Lote 1, Condominio Verde, Lago Sul Brasilia, DF, CEP CEP congenital erythropoietic porphyria. CEP abbr. congenital erythropoietic porphyria : 70680-608 Brazil. Telephone: 55 61 3448-6333. Fax: 55 61 3448-6287. E-mail: fernandocarneiro.brasilia@gmail.com List of participants: A.R. Martins de Sena, A.T. Tambellini, A. Monteiro, A.C. Lima da Silva sil·va also syl·va n. pl. sil·vas or sil·vae 1. The trees or forests of a region. 2. A written work on the trees or forests of a region. , A. Carvalho de Miranda, A.L. Carneiro de Freitas, C. Corvalan, C.R. Costa, C.T. Souto Bezerra, E.W. Dias e Silva, E. Monteiro, E. Domingues, E. de Tito, E.M. Bonini, F.F. Carneiro, F.P. Nunes, G.M.S Goncalves, G.F. Netto, H. Castro, I.M. da Silva, J. Cancio, J. Finkelman, J. Alves, J.A. Escamilla, J. de Paula, J. Villardi, L.C. Amorim, L.G. da S. Augusto, L.G. Timbo Aragao, L. Rafael de Barros, L.A. Galvao, M. Romero, M.L.B. Carneiro Oliveira, M.M. Fachinni, M. Moises, M.A. Magalhaes, M.C. Dantas, M.C. da Silva Souto, M. de Lourdes Lima, M. de Lourdes Neto, N. Gouveia, P.C p.c. (post cibum), n a Latin phrase meaning “after meals”; the abbreviation may be used in prescription writing. . Borja, P.I. Batista, R.R. dos Santos Santos (sän`t s), city (1996 pop. 412,288), São Paulo state, SE Brazil, on the island of São Vicente in the Atlantic just off the mainland. ,
R.M.S. Souza, R.S. Bernardes, R. Coelho, R. de Lima de Lima or d'Lima is a Portuguese surname. It is also a Spanish name meaning 'of Lima'de Lima is either:
Support for the symposium was provided by the Health Surveillance Secretariat Secretariat, 1970–89, thoroughbred race horse. Trained by Lucien Laurin and ridden by Ron Turcotte, Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont Stakes to capture the Triple Crown in 1973. Secretariat (foaled 1970) U.S. , Ministry of Health of Brazil; Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva; Pan-American Health Organization Office in Brazil; World Health Organization; Ministry of Health of Argentina; Ministry of Health of Canada; and Ministry of Health of Cuba. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the World Health Organization. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. Received 10 July 2005; accepted 15 November 2005.
Table 1. Some examples of environmental health indicators in use,
selected from applying the DPSEEA matrix to different situations.
Matrix
Country/topics Indicators developed categories
Brazil Per capita consumption Pressure
Water Water bacteriologic quality Exposure
(Maciel Filho et al. 1999) Residual chlorine Exposure
Water supply services coverage Situation
Water supply regularity Situation
Cuba Economic policy of healthy Driving
residences development force
Healthy residences Percent of resources for the Pressure
construction of healthy
residences
(Placeres MR et al., Percent of households with Situation
unpublished data) appropriate ventilation
Percent of households with Situation
appropriate lighting
Percent of households with Situation
appropriate kitchen
installations
Canada Release of substances that Pressure
damage the ozone layer
Ultraviolet radiation Ozone layer reduction rate Exposure
Cumulative radiation doses Exposure
(Bartlett S, unpublished Ultraviolet radiation Exposure
data) indicators
Incidence of melanoma Effects
Eye damage Effects
Table 2. National and international experiences in the use of
indicators.
Country Source Program Description
Brazil Guimaraes MJB, EHS drinking Good example of the use of
Melo NGDO, Lima water environmental health
AAF, Camarao F, program indicators for decision
Fillho JAN, Lyra making: Ministry of Health
TM, unpublished developed database allowing
data local-level data entry
accessible on line at
municipal, state, and
federal levels
Database can potentially be
analyzed together with
mortality and morbidity
data: Successes include
drinking water risk maps
generated by the
Municipality of Recife that
served as a base to
restructure and reinforce
health surveillance actions
to priority areas
Recognized as a useful
application and given an
award by the Health
Surveillance National
Secretariat
Cuba Placeres MR, Rojas DPSEEA Has been used in the family
MC, Diaz VIP, health program, orienting
Toste MA, Melian doctors and nurses to
CMG, unpublished consider social, political,
data economic, and geographic
factors in identifying
environmental problems that
affect people's health
Has oriented the
establishment of the
environmental primary
health care strategy by
choosing environmental
health local indicators to
achieve an integration of
local health development
Canada Bartlett S, Environment Has been reporting on
unpublished data Canada environmental indicators
since 1990 in its National
Environmental Indicator
Series and State of the
Environment reports
In the Environment and
Sustainable Development
Indicators initiative's
final report, the National
Round Table on the
Environment and the
Economy (NRTEE) proposed
six new indicators,
developed in collaboration
with Environment Canada and
Statistics Canada (released
May 2003): forest cover,
freshwater quality, air
quality, greenhouse gas
emissions, extent of
wetlands, and educational
attainment
Health Uses the DPSEEA framework to
Canada organize the environmental
health indicators
Currently collaborating with
Environment Canada on the
development of an
air-health indicator (AHI)
The potential AHI builds on
ongoing work on improved
air quality index to
develop a multipollutant
trend indicator that
directly links potential
health impacts to exposure
to pollution, as
recommended by NRTEE
Such an indicator has also
helped to assess the
effectiveness of pollution
mitigation strategies and
public health interventions
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