Measurement of Joint Motion: a Guide to Goniometry, ed 3.

Norkin CC, White DJ. Philadelphia, PA 19103, FA Davis Co, 2003, spiralbound, 420 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-8036-0972-8, $36.95.

This book is an excellent text for students to learn how to perform goniometric measurements of the extremities and spine. The textbook begins with a review of planes and axes and of terms related to range of motion (RAM). It also defines end-feels and capsular patterns. Charts, which are adapted from the work of Cyriax, Kaltenborn, and Dyrek, provide information on normal and abnormal end-feels and capsular patterns of joints. Muscle-length tests are also discussed in chapter 1.

Chapter 2 discusses slop-by-step procedures for the performance of goniometric measurements. Pictures are provided to describe the various instruments available. Chapter 2 concludes with a comprehensive summary of the testing procedure, with actual explanations that can be given to physical therapist students.

Chapter 3 details the reliability and validity of goniometric measurements. The statistical methods of evaluating measurement reliability are defined, and formulas for standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficients, and standard error of measurements are provided. Students are given worksheets to provide better understanding of how to calculate intertester and intratester reliability. Numerous references are provided at the end of the chapter for further evidence on the reliability and validity of goniometric measurement.

Chapters 4 through 13 have been expanded in the third edition to better illustrate landmarks and alignment. As in the previous editions, the text provides step-by-step procedures of each motion that can be measured at each joint. Tables have been expanded to include a more detailed explanation of the effects of age, gender, body mass index, and sports on ROM. An added feature demonstrating functional ROM analysis would he helpful for students. Evidence supporting the reliability of specific joint measurements is discussed in each chapter: Specific techniques for measuring muscle lengths also have been added in this edition.

Appendixes are provided that illustrate normal ROM values in tabular format. It is interesting to note, however, that these "ranges" are not recorded correctly as the textbook describes in chapter 2. In that chapter, the authors emphasize the importance of recording a "range of motion" (eg, 0[degrees]-175[degrees]); however, in the appendix of normal ROM values, a single number is given. Appendix B summarizes the motions at each joint, and appendix D provides a sample recording form, which are both helpful for students. The price list lot goniometers in appendix C does not appear to be useful to students.

Overall, this book is a well-organized and comprehensive textbook for physical therapist students, occupational therapist students, and physical therapist assistants. I have used this textbook for more than 10 years in our physical therapy curriculum, and I am pleased with the updates in this third edition.

Carolyn Galleher, PT

Gannon, University

Erie, Pa

Mrs Galleher is Assistant Professor and specializes in teaching orthopedics. She also is co-owner of an outpatient orthopedic private practice.