Luperox SP2 technology: the ultimate scorch protection for peroxide crosslinking.Scorch protection over a wide temperature range is critical to improving compounding, crosslinking and productivity when curing elastomers with organic peroxides Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (ROOR'). If the R' is hydrogen, the compound is called an organic hydroperoxide. Peresters have general structure RC(O)OOR. . Previously, Arkema developed Luperox F40M-SP (refs. 1 and 2), a scorch protected di(t-buty|peroxy per·ox·y adj. Containing the bivalent group O2. )diisopropyl benzene benzene (bĕn`zēn, bĕnzēn`), colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor. It boils at 80.1°C; and solidifies at 5.5°C;. Benzene is a hydrocarbon, with formula C6H6. 40% peroxide peroxide (pərŏk`sīd), chemical compound containing two oxygen atoms, each of which is bonded to the other and to a radical or some element other than oxygen; e.g. masterbatch in EPDM EPDM Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer EPDM Enterprise Product Data Management EPDM Ethylene Propylene Dimonomer (industrial/commercial piping/plumbing components) EPDM Engineering Product Data Management , which was specifically formulated for·mu·late tr.v. for·mu·lat·ed, for·mu·lat·ing, for·mu·lates 1. a. To state as or reduce to a formula. b. To express in systematic terms or concepts. c. for use in EPDM. Despite the commercial successes of the SP peroxide technology, there are manufacturing processes and rubber formulations that require even greater scorch protection. To address these manufacturing challenges, we recently developed the SP2 peroxide technology with an enhanced scorch protected package compared to the original SP grade. The SP2 peroxide technology provides longer scorch time protection for more demanding compounding and crosslinking operations, and is effective in a very wide range of peroxide-crosslinkable elastomers. This article introduces the new SP2 (enhanced scorch protected) peroxide technology based upon the two most widely used peroxides for crosslinking: dicumyl peroxide and di(t-bu tylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene. Arkema manufactures these peroxides under the trade names of Luperox DC40PSP (PlayStation Portable) See PlayStation. 2 and Luperox F40P-SP2, respectively, while R.T. Vanderbilt will market these two peroxides as Varox DCP-40C-SP2 and Varox 802-40C-SP2. In this article we will evaluate the crosslinking and compounding performance of the SP2 peroxide technology in the following elastomers: AEM AEM Applied and Environmental Microbiology (journal) AEM Association of Equipment Manufacturers AEM Academic Emergency Medicine (journal) AEM Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited AEM Advanced Engine Management , CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) Communications equipment that resides on the customer's premises. CPE - Customer Premises Equipment , EPDM, EVA Eva to marry winner of singing contest. [Ger. Opera: Wagner, Meistersinger, Westerman, 225–228] See : Prize 1. Eva - A toy ALGOL-like language used in "Formal Specification of Programming Languages: A Panoramic Primer", F.G. , EOM (End Of Message) A character that signals the end of the current message. and HNBR HNBR Hydrogenated Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber . We will also show how to use this new SP2 peroxide technology with crosslinking coagents to improve productivity and reduce production costs by providing further decreases in final cure time, with longer scorch times, while maintaining the targeted crosslinking level in several elastomers. Experimental The commercial and newly commercial organic peroxides used in this article are: DC40KE - 40% dicumyl peroxide on inert inert /in·ert/ (in-ert´) inactive. in·ert adj. 1. Sluggish in action or motion; lethargic. 2. filler fill·er 1 n. One that fills, as: a. Something added to augment weight or size or fill space. b. A composition, especially a semisolid that hardens on drying, used to fill pores, cracks, or holes in wood, plaster, : DC40P-SP2--enhanced scorch protected 40% dicumyl peroxide on inert filler: F40KE - 40% di(t-hutylperoxy) diisopropylbenzene on inert filler; F40M-SP - scorch protected 40% assay di(t-bulylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene compounded into an EPDM in a cubed pellet pel·let n. 1. A small pill; a pilule. 2. A small rod-shaped or ovoid mass, as of compressed steroid hormones, intended for subcutaneous implantation in body tissues to provide timed release over an extended period of time. form: and F40P-SP2 - enhanced scorch protected 40% di(t-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene on an inert filler. Elastomers, peroxide formulations and coagents (if used) were mixed using a C.W. Brabender mixer mixer, either of two electronic devices in which two or more signals are combined. In the type of mixer used in radio receivers, radar receivers, and similar systems, a signal is translated upward or downward in frequency. (Plasti-Corder Model EPL-V5502, with an oil-heated mixing head. Model R.E.0-5). Crosslinking evaluations were conducted using an Alpha Technologies MDR MDR, n See multidrug resistance. MDR, n the abbreviation for minimum daily requirement, specifically the Minimum Daily Requirements for Specific Nutrients compiled by the United States Food and Drug Administration. 2000 and an RPA RPA Remote Patron Authentication RPA Rural Payments Agency (UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) RPA Replication Protein A RPA RNAse Protection Assay RPA Regional Plan Association RPA Random-Phase Approximation (rubber process analyzer analyzer /ana·ly·zer/ (an´ah-li?zer) 1. a Nicol prism attached to a polarizing apparatus which extinguishes the ray of light polarized by the polarizer. 2. ) upgraded with a new instrument board and the latest software. Additional data for this paper were also kindly provided by Zeon See Xeon. Chemicals and R. T. Vanderbilt. Results and discussion Compounding and crosslinking AEM--DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 The peroxide curable cur·a·ble adj. Capable of being cured or healed. Vamac AEM copolymers (polyethyleneco-methyl acrylate Noun 1. acrylate - a salt or ester of propenoic acid propenoate salt - a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal) ) made by DuPont Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, or du Pont may refer to: Companies
DHC District Heating and Cooling DHC Dark Horse Comics DHC Dynein Heavy Chain DHC DeHavilland Canada (aircraft) DHC Discovery Health Channel DHC Drop Head Coupe copolymers were evaluated using the standard grades of dicumyl peroxide and di(t-butylperoxy)diisopropyl-benzene. In this article, we provide data showing how the new DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 (enhanced scorch protected) peroxide grades can provide improved productivity and cost-savings when compounding and crosslinking the DP and DHC copolymers. AEM is used to produce automotive transmission seals, coolant coolant (kōō´l  nt),n and power steering power steering n. A device driven by the engine of a vehicle that facilitates the turning of the steering wheel by the driver. power steering Noun hose, wire jacketing A wire jacket was a fictional torture device made of iron wire which was placed around a victim's or suspect's body. The wires were connected to wheels on each side, so that the jacket could be tightened. (e.g., ignition ignition, apparatus for igniting a combustible mixture. The German engineer Nikolaus A. Otto, in his first gas engine, used flame ignition; another method was heating a metal tube to incandescence. harnesses), dust boots and in various dynamic applications, e.g., motor mounts and vibration dampers (ref. 4). Producing these precision components requires complete mold mold, name for certain multicellular organisms of the various classes of the kingdom Fungi, characteristically having bodies composed of a cottony mycelium. The colors of molds are caused by the spores, which are borne on the mycelium. filling prior to any crosslinking, which can be difficult when curing at higher temperatures needed for optimum productivity. Our data in table 1 show that DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 provide a significant (~30% to ~50%) increase in scorch time when curing at temperatures of 180[degrees]C and 190[degrees]C. These longer scorch times allow complete mold filling prior to any significant increase in viscosity. Thus, use of the SP2 peroxide technology will help eliminate hot-tear, poor weld lines, scrap and uneven/ non-uniform curing that hurts physical properties, e.g., % compression set. The SP2 peroxides provide significant increases in scorch time without increasing cure time, to provide optimum productivity. The data in table 1 shows how the cure temperatures of the standard peroxides were reduced by 8 [degrees]-10[degrees]C with the goal of obtaining the same ts2 scorch time produced using the SP2 peroxides at the original higher temperature. Lowering the cure temperature for the standard peroxides did provide the same increased scorch time as the SP2 peroxides, but significantly slowed the crosslinking reaction (i.e., the tc90 cure time was nearly doubled), thus adversely affecting productivity. Clearly, the SP2 peroxides provide a wider processing window to reduce scrap and improve molded mold 1 n. 1. A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance. 2. A frame or model around or on which something is formed or shaped. 3. Something that is made in or shaped on a mold. part quality while maintaining good productivity. Thus, SP2 peroxides lower the overall production cost of crosslinking AEM copolymers. The [M.sub.L] (minimum torque) is the robber viscosity at the reported RPA test temperature. As shown in table 1, the SP2 peroxides provide a 20+% lower [M.sub.L] on average compared to the standard peroxide when curing DP and DHC copolymers. Thus, the SP2 peroxides not only provide a longer scorch time, but also give a significantly lower elastomer elastomer (ĭlăs`təmər), substance having to some extent the elastic properties of natural rubber. The term is sometimes used technically to distinguish synthetic rubbers and rubberlike plastics from natural rubber. viscosity during molding. This helps to faithfully fill the mold, thereby producing highly engineered automotive components with more consistent physical dimensions and reducing the amount of out-of-spec scrap. The lower elastomer viscosity is due to the enhanced scorch protection provided by the SP2 technology, which prevents chain extension and/or and/or conj. Used to indicate that either or both of the items connected by it are involved. Usage Note: And/or is widely used in legal and business writing. gelling of the elastomer during mold filling. Compounding the DP and DHC copolymers with DC40PSP2 or F40P-SP2 provided nearly a three-fold increase in ts2 scorch time compared to the standard DC40 and F40 peroxides, as shown in table 2 and figure 1. The SP2 peroxide technology permits a 10[degrees]C increase in AEM compounding drop-temperature, with no threat of scorch, versus the standard peroxide. Thus, the SP2 peroxide formulation formulation /for·mu·la·tion/ (for?mu-la´shun) the act or product of formulating. American Law Institute Formulation is very useful when going from two-pass to one-pass mixing operations or for increasing mixing speed to increase mixing capacity, thereby reducing the cost of making the compounded AEM. Compounding and crosslinking CPE for cable jacket insulation--F40P-SP2 and MBM MBM meat and bone meal. The benefits of using SP2 technology are shown in table 3 by comparison to a 'control' formulation prepared using Dow (Direct OverWrite) See magneto-optic disk. Chemical's Tyrin CM0136 CPE blended with F40KE peroxide and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), a crosslinking coagent Co`a´gent n. 1. An associate in an act; a coworker. . In order to increase crosslinked CPE cable productivity, one must simultaneously increase the extruder screw screw, simple machine consisting essentially of a solid cylinder, usually of metal, around which an inclined plane winds spirally, either clockwise or counterclockwise. speed and the speed of the CPE crosslinking reaction without changing the cure temperature. CPE cable is cured in a CV (continuous vulcanization vulcanization (vŭl'kənəzā`shən), treatment of rubber to give it certain qualities, e.g., strength, elasticity, and resistance to solvents, and to render it impervious to moderate heat and cold. ) steam tube of fixed length and internal temperature. To accomplish these increased speeds, greater scorch protection is needed in the extruder due to the faster screw RPM (1) (Revolutions Per Minute) With electric and electronics devices, RPM measures the rotational speed of the motor's spindle. Floppy disks rotate at 300 RPM, while hard disks rotate from 3,000 to 15,000 RPM. , while modified CPE formulations provide a faster cure without changing temperatures. In table 3, run 1, the data show that these objectives can be accomplished by using the F40P-SP2 peroxide to increase scorch protection: and the CPE cure speed is increased by re placing TMPTMA with N,N'-(m-phenylene) bismaleimide (MBM), a more reactive reactive /re·ac·tive/ (re-ak´tiv) characterized by reaction; readily responsive to a stimulus. re·ac·tive adj. 1. Tending to be responsive or to react to a stimulus. 2. and scorchier coagent (ref. 5). The CPE tc90 cure time was decreased by 47% (from 4.3 to 2.3 minutes) due to the MBM coagent, which meant almost doubled productivity without changing the cure temperature. Employing SP2 technology, F40P-SP2 increased the tsl scorch time from 7.2 minutes to 47.8 minutes, a six-fold Adj. 1. six-fold - having six units or components sextuple, sixfold multiple - having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual; "multiple birth"; "multiple ownership"; "made multiple copies of the speech"; "his multiple increase in scorch time protection for the 130[degrees]C CPE extrusion step. Refer to figures 2 and 3, and table 3 for a comparison of F40KE and F40P-SP2 in CPE. [FIGURE 3 OMITTED] In summary, the blend of F40P-SP2 peroxide and MBM for crosslinking CPE provides a way to safely increase extruder screw speed without fear of scorch, while doubling productivity by reducing the cure time by 50%, without increasing the cure temperature. Compounding and crosslinking EPDM--DC4OP-SP2 Crosslinking ExxonMobil Exxon Mobil Corporation or ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), a multi-national American corporation and a direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil company[2] Vistalon 2504 EPDM at 177[degrees]C using 11.5 phr DC40P-SP2 provides a dramatic 50% increase in ts2 scorch time protection when compared to 10.0 phr DC40KE (the standard 40% assay dicumyl peroxide). (Refer to tables 4 and 5, and figure 4.) Furthermore, using SP2 technology with dicumyl peroxide increased the scorch time without increasing the cure time at 177[degrees]C (350[degrees]F), i.e., the tc90 cure time of 4.7 minutes remains essentially unchanged. This grade of EPDM is quite popular for injection molding injection molding n. A manufacturing process for forming objects, as of plastic or metal, by heating the molding material to a fluid state and injecting it into a mold. applications, particularly for automotive gaskets, due to its low viscosity (25 Mooney Mooney is family name, which is probably predominantly derived from the Irish Ó Maonaigh. It can also be spelled Moony, Meaney, Mauney, Moon, Money. The word can refer to: Companies
Meaney spelling [FIGURE 4 OMITTED] The data in table 6 and figure 5 shows that compounding this EPDM formulation with DC40P-SP2 at a relatively high drop-temperature of 138[degrees]C (280[degrees]F), provides a 204% increase in ts2 scorch time (from 7.0 to 21.26 minutes), or about three times the original scorch time provided by the standard DC40KE peroxide. [FIGURE 5 OMITTED] In summary, using DC40P-SP2 to crosslink EPDM by injection molding would provide better mold fill and a longer injection time, with no change in cure time, while alleviating scorch related problems of hot-tear and scrap. The longer scorch time at compounding temperatures can help to shorten (audio, compression) Shorten - A form of lossless audio compression. mixing time by allowing use of a one-pass mixing operation or faster mixing speeds. All of these changes can improve productivity and lower the cost of production. F40M-SP and F4OP-SP2 for curing EPDM F40M-SP (SP technology) and F40P-SP2 (SP2 technology) were compared to F40KE (standard peroxide) for crosslinking EPDM (table 7, and figures 6 and 7). F40P-SP2 at 7.20 phr provides a significant (43%) increase in ts2 scorch time at 177[degrees]C (350[degrees]F) versus F40KE at 6.26 phr. F40M-SP at 6.26 phr provides a 15% increase in ts2 scorch time at 177[degrees]C. These SP and SP2 perox ides provide the same tc90 cure time as F40KE, i.e., there is no adverse effect on productivity due to the increased scorch time. [FIGURES 6-7 OMITTED] F40P-SP2 provides more than double the scorch time protection in EPDM compared to F40M-SP. In addition to the low Mooney viscosity of Vistalon 2504 EPDM, F40M-SP and F40P-SP2 provide 10% lower minimum torque (ML) or viscosity versus F40KE, when curing at 177[degrees]C. This lower viscosity is due to the scorch protection technology provided by these peroxide formulations. The combination of a lower EPDM viscosity with a longer scorch time makes it easier to completely fill the mold during injection, compression or transfer molding Transfer molding, like compression molding, is a process where the amount of molding material (usually a thermoset plastic) is measured and inserted before the moulding takes place. The molding material is preheated and loaded into a chamber known as the pot. operations. Compounding EPDM at 138[degrees]C using 6.26 phr F40M-SP or 7.20 phr F40P-SP2 provided a 40% and a 130% increase in ts2 scorch time, respectively, versus the 6.26 phr F40KE control (table 8 and figure 8). Several well-known well-known adj. 1. Widely known; familiar or famous: a well-known performer. 2. Fully known: well-known facts. companies (ref. 6) in the USA and Europe Europe (y  r`əp), 6th largest continent, c.4,000,000 sq mi (10,360,000 sq km) including adjacent islands (1992 est. pop. 512,000,000). have
successfully transitioned from a two-pass to a one-pass EPDM compounding
operation simply by replacing F40KE with F40M-SP. We expect the new
F40PSP2 peroxide to offer an even wider processing window for
compounding EPDM, based on our results described above.
[FIGURE 8 OMITTED] In summary, F40P-SP2 is highly recommended for molding larger and/or more intricate crosslinked EPDM components. F40M-SP and F40P-SP2 provide enhanced mold filling while minimizing hot-tear and scrap issues that reduce productivity and profits when molding EPDM compounds. A wider processing window is available for compounding EPDM when using the SP2 peroxide technology. Compounding and crosslinking EVA and EOM, polyethylene polyethylene (pŏl'ēĕth`əlēn), widely used plastic. It is a polymer of ethylene, CH2=CH2, having the formula (-CH2-CH2-)n copolymers--F40P-SP2 Commercially, Evatane EVA, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate acetate (ăs`ĭtāt'), one of the most important forms of artificial cellulose-based fibers; the ester of acetic acid. The first patents for the production of fibers from cellulose acetate appeared at the beginning of the 20th cent. ), is crosslinked with select organic peroxides for use in semiconductive Adj. 1. semiconductive - having characteristics of a semiconductor; that is having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors semiconducting and low voltage Low voltage is an electrical engineering term that broadly identifies safety considerations of an electricity supply system based on the voltage used. While different definitions exist for the exact voltage range covered by "low voltage", the most commonly used ones include "mains insulation insulation (ĭn'səlā`shən, ĭn'sy –), use of materials or devices to inhibit or prevent the conduction of heat or of electricity. wire and cable, in automotive sound damping dampingIn physics, the restraint of vibratory motion, such as mechanical oscillations, noise, and alternating electric currents, by dissipating energy. Unless a child keeps pumping a swing, the back-and-forth motion decreases; damping by the air's friction opposes the crosslinked foam, and in crosslinked athletic, casual and industrial boot soles (ref. 7), among other uses. Evatane EVA is produced by Arkema and is available in several grades ranging from 18% to 42% vinyl acetate Vinyl acetate, also known as VAM for vinyl acetate monomer, has the chemical formula CH3COOCH=CH2 and is a colorless liquid with a sweet flavor. Systematic names include 1-acetoxyethylene and acetic acid ethenyl ester. (ref. 8). Engage EOM, poly(ethylene-co-octene), is also crosslinked with select organic peroxides and is used in many of the same applications served by EVA. Engage is produced by Dow Chemical and is available in a wide range of different compositions and densities. An 80:20 ratio of EVA and EOM was crosslinked with 1.5 phr of F40P-SP2 and compared with an equal weight of F40KE (table 9). F40P-SP2 provided equivalent crosslinking efficiency versus F40KE, with a significant 27% increase in ts2 scorch time protection, at 175[degrees]C (347[degrees]F). The ts2 scorch time increased from 0.82 minutes to 1.04 minutes to provide more time for mold fill, especially for thicker injection molded soles and compression molded foamed slabs. At the 130[degrees]C compounding temperature, F40P-SP2 provided a huge 155% increase in the t5 Mooney scorch time, from 22.1 minutes to 56.2 minutes. The use of select coagents with the peroxides and SP2 technology can help to further tailor A tailor is a person whose occupation is to sew menswear style jackets and the skirts or trousers that go with them. Although the term dates to the thirteenth century, tailor the level of crosslinking, cure rate and compounding performance. In table 9, we show data for the evaluation of a blend of 1.0 phr F40P-SP2 and 0.2 phr triallyl cyanurate Cy´an´u`rate n. 1. (Chem.) A salt of cyanuric acid. (TAC 1. TAC - Translator Assembler-Compiler. For Philco 2000. 2. TAC - Terminal Access Controller. ). TAC is well-known as an efficient coagent for HDPE HDPE abbr. high-density polyethylene , LDPE LDPE abbr. low-density polyethylene , LLDPE LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene and various polyethylene co- co- pref. 1. Together; joint; jointly; mutually: coaptation. 2. Subordinate or auxiliary: coenzyme. 3. and terpolymers, like EVA, EOM and EPDM. This blend of F40P-SP2 and TAC coagent provided a 34% increase in ts2 scorch time at 175[degrees]C, versus a 27% increase when using F40P-SP2 without the TAC. Furthermore, there was a desirable 18% decrease in the tc90 cure time at 175[degrees]C (from 8.25 minutes to only 6.76 minutes) when using this peroxide and coagent blend. This translates to an 18% improvement in productivity. The t5 Mooney scorch time at 130[degrees]C was further increased from 56.2 minutes to 66.6 minutes for the F40P-SP2 and TAC blend, compared to F40P-SP2 without TAC. By selecting from the well-known acrylic acrylic, artificial fiber made from a special group of vinyl compounds, primarily acrylonitrile. Acrylic fibers are thermoplastic (i.e., soften when heated, reharden upon cooling), have low moisture regain, are low in density, and can be made into bulky fabrics. , methacrylic, allylic al·lyl n. The univalent, unsaturated organic radical C3H5. [Latin allium, garlic + -yl (so called because it was first obtained from garlic). , polybutadiene Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber that has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the manufacture of tires. It has also been used to coat or encapsulate electronic assemblies, offering extremely high electrical resistivity. and N,N'-(m-phenylene)bismaleimide crosslinking coagents (refs. 9 and 10) and using them in blends with the SP or SP2 peroxide technology, it is possible to tailor the desired level of crosslinking, the cure rate and the scorch time performance, when compounding and crosslinking the various elastomers described above. In summary, a blend of F40P-SP2 and TAC provides good crosslinking of EVA-EOM, with superior scorch time protection at 175[degrees]C versus F40KE. This gives better mold filling and a shorter tc90 cure time, for improved productivity. We have shown that compounding EVA-EOM at 130[degrees]C with this cure system provides a dramatic 200+% increase in the t5 Mooney scorch time versus F40KE, for potential cost savings by reducing the compounding time via a faster mixer speed or by going from a two-pass to a one-pass compounding operation. Compounding and crosslinking HNBR--DC4OP-SP2 Using a formulation based on Zeon Chemical's Zetpol 2010 HNBR, we evaluated the processing and crosslinking performance of DC40P-SP2 versus DC40KE. As shown in table 10, 9.4 phr of DC40P-SP2 provided the same amount of crosslinking as 8.0 phr of DC40KE, with a significant (20%) increase in the tsl scorch time at 177[degrees]C and no change in tc90 cure time. The minimum torque ([M.sub.L], equivalent to elastomer viscosity) at the RPA test temperature was reduced by 18% with DC40P-SP2 versus the standard peroxide without SP2 technology. Thus, DC40P-SP2 provides the combination of improved elastomer flow and 20% greater mold fill time when compared to the standard 40% dicumyl peroxide. DC40P-SP2 provided a 70% increase in the tsl scorch time at 149[degrees]C for compounding and processing HNBR, versus the standard DC40KE. In summary, DC40P-SP2 provides significant increases in scorch time protection during compounding and curing of HNBR, while providing a desirable tc90 cure time equivalent to the DC40KE. F40P-SP2 for curing HNBR In a recent paper (ref. 11), Mark Jones and Andy Anderson For other persons named Andy Anderson, see Andy Anderson (disambiguation). Andy Anderson (birth name Clifford Leon Anderson) is a drummer, notably for the band The Cure. He was born in West Ham, East London, England on January 30, 1951. of Zeon Chemical evaluated F40P-SP2 in a formulation based on Zetpol 2010 HNBR. They found that 9.2 phr of F40P-SP2 was required to provide the same level of crosslinking as 8.0 phr of F40KE (table 11). The ts2 scorch time at 170[degrees]C was increased by 23%, significantly increasing mold fill time. There was no loss in productivity using the SP2 peroxide, compared to the standard peroxide, based upon equivalent tc90 cure times. The Zeon researchers found that the t5 Mooney scorch time at 135[degrees]C was nearly doubled F40P-SP2. This provides increased compounding productivity (the possibility to transition from two-pass to one-pass compounding) and reduces overall processing costs when compounding HNBR. The physical properties, such as percent compression set, with F40P-SP2 were found to be equal to, or better than, the standard F40KE peroxide when crosslinking HNBR, as shown in table 11. Researchers at R.T. Vanderbilt evaluated F40P-SP2 in a formulation based on Therban (Lanxess LANXESS AG (FWB: LXSG) is a leading chemicals group with production sites and agencies all over the world: a global player in the fields of chemicals, plastics and rubber. LANXESS operations have a long history, rich with a tradition of research and discovery. ) C3446 HNBR (ref. 12). In MDR testing at 180[degrees]C, they found that 4.6 phr of F40PSP2 achieved the same level of cure as 4.0 phr of F40KE, but with a ts2 scorch time of 0.99 minutes for F40P-SP2 compared to only 0.66 minutes for F40KE. They also conducted DuPont spider mold flow tests and found a 17+% increase in mold fill with F40P-SP2 compared to the standard E40KE peroxide at 177[degrees]C (figure 9.) [FIGURE 9 OMITTED] In summary, independent studies conducted at Zeon Chemicals and R.T. Vanderbilt confirmed good scorch time performance with F40P-SP2 when crosslinking or compounding HNBR. In addition, DuPont spider mold flow tests of HNBR at 177[degrees]C using F40P-SP2, confirmed a significant 17+% increase in mold fill. Summary and conclusions Arkema has commercialized Luperox F40M-SP, a scorch protected 40% peroxide-EPDM masterbatch developed exclusively for use in EPDM compounds. Despite the technical and commercial success of the SP grade, the technology was advanced to another level with the recent development of SP2 (enhanced scorch protected) peroxide technology. This newer technology supports applications involving a wide range of elastomers that require even greater scorch time protection during compounding and crosslinking. In this article, we introduced two new SP2 (enhanced scorch protected) peroxides, DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2, based upon dicumyl peroxide and di(t-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene. Data were presented showing the results of evaluations of the SP2 peroxide technology in AEM, CPE, EPDM, EVA, EOM and HNBR. In AEM, the DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 provided a ~30% to ~50% increase in ts2 scorch times at reported cure temperatures, with desirable tc90 cure times, to maintain good productivity during injection, compression and/or transfer molding operations. A three-fold increase in ts2 scorch time was obtained with these peroxides at reported compounding temperatures, providing the possibility of cost-savings by going to a one-pass mixing operation or by increasing mixer speed, without the threat of scorch. In CPE cable jacket, a blend of F40P-SP2 and MBM coagent provided a way to safely increase the extruder screw speed, due to a six-fold increase in scorch protection at reported compounding temperatures, while doubling productivity by reducing the cure time without increasing the continuous vulcanization (CV) tube temperature. In EPDM, both DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 provided ~40% to ~50% improvements in scorch time at reported crosslinking temperatures, versus 15% improvement for the F40M-SP grade previously commercialized specifically for EPDM. These two new SP2 grades are recommended for molding larger parts, increasing the number of prints per mold and/or molding more intricate EDPM EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine EDPM Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer EDPM Electronic Document Preparation and Management (educational courses) EDPM Electronic Designated Primary Market-maker EDPM Event-Driven Power Management components. By simply replacing F40KE with F40M-SP in EPDM, end-users have successfully transitioned from two-pass to one-pass mixing of EPDM. We anticipate that DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 will offer greater cost-savings in compounding EPDM. In EVA-EOM blends for shoe soles, a blend of F40P-SP2 and TAC provided superior scorch time protection during cure and compounding, along with an 18% increase in productivity based upon tc90 cure time. In HNBR, DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2 provided a ~20% increase in scorch time at reported cure temperatures. Data provided by researchers at Zeon Chemicals and R.T. Vanderbill confirmed good scorch time performance with no change in tc90 cure time. DuPont spider mold flow tests confirmed a 17+% increase in mold fill at cure temperatures. This article is based Oil a paper presented at a meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS (Asynchronous Communications Server) See network access server. (www.rubber.org See .org. (networking) org - The top-level domain for organisations or individuals that don't fit any other top-level domain (national, com, edu, or gov). Though many have .org domains, it was never intended to be limited to non-profit organisations. RFC 1591. ). References (1.) F. Debaud, A. Defrancisci and L.H. Palys, "SP and CST CST abbr. 1. Central Standard Time 2. convulsive shock treatment CST Central Standard Time Noun 1. technologies--a new generation of cost-saving curatives in rubber processing," paper 9, ACS Rubber Div., Oct 5-8, 2004; published as "New generation of cost saving curatives," Rubber World, Vol. 232, No. 2, May 2005. (2.) L. Keromnes, A. Defrancisci, F. Debaud, A. Prebe and L. Palys, "SP and CST technologies--a new generation of cost saving curatives in rubber processing--part 2," paper 14, ACS Rubber Div., Nov 1-3, 2005. (3.) D. King, E. McBride, D. Mitchell Mitchell, city (1990 pop. 13,798), seat of Davison co., SE S.Dak.; inc. 1881. Mitchell is a trade, distribution, and shipping center for a dairy and livestock area. , Z. Shah Shah is a Persian term for a monarch (ruler) that has been adopted in many other languages. This term is a Post Islamic Revolution term for monarchs in Iran which is replaced by valie faghih or Supreme Leader. , Y-T. Wu, K. Kammerer and L. Lefebvre Lefebvre is a common French surname. It is also spelled Lefèvre, LeFebvre, LeFèvre, and is used in the related forms Lefeuvre, Favre, Faure, Favret, Favrette or Dufaure. , "AEM dipolymer with improved cure rate and coolpression set," Rubber World, Vol. 231, No. 5. p. 36, February February: see month. 2005. (4.) J.F. Hagman Hagman may refer to:
(5.) Arnaud Prebe, work performed while working at the Arkema KoP site.. (6.) Private communication. (7.) "Functional polyolefins," brochure covering Evatane, Lotryl, Lotader, Orevac and Sornol, Arkema (May 24, 2006); website: www.evatane.com. (8.) "Evatane ethylene vinyl vinyl /vi·nyl/ (vi´nil) the univalent group CH2dbondCH—. vinyl chloride a vinyl group to which an atom of chlorine is attached; the monomer which polymerizes to polyvinyl chloride; it is toxic based co-polymers," brochure (2006); website: www.evatane.com. (9.) "Sartomer product catalog catalog, descriptive list, on cards or in a book, of the contents of a library. Assurbanipal's library at Nineveh was cataloged on shelves of slate. The first known subject catalog was compiled by Callimachus at the Alexandrian Library in the 3d cent. B.C. ," Sartomer Company; website: www.sartomer.com. (10.) Vanax MBM is a product of R.T. Vcmderbilt; website: www.rtvanderbilt.com. (11.) M. Jones and A. Anderson Anderson, river, Canada Anderson, river, c.465 mi (750 km) long, rising in several lakes in N central Northwest Territories, Canada. It meanders north and west before receiving the Carnwath River and flowing north to Liverpool Bay, an arm of the Arctic , "Compounding techniques for improved processing of hydrogenated nitrile nitrile: see rubber. butadiene butadiene (by  t'ədī`ēn), colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon. There are two structural isomers of butadiene; they differ in the location of the two carbon-carbon double bonds in the rubber
compounds," XI Brazilian Congresss of Rubber Technology ABTB ABTB Architectural Branch Target Buffer , Sao
Paulo, SP Brazil (May 10-12, 2006).
(12.) J. Forgue, C. Handy and M. Sheridan, "SP technology peroxide evaluated in HNBR," internal report: R-1853; R. T. Vanderbilt. by Fabien Debaud, Laurent Keromnes, Alfredo Defrancisci, Joseph M. Brennan cold Leonard H. Pairs. Arkema (len.palys@arkema.com)
Table 1--crosslinking Vamac with
DC40P-SP2 and F40P-SP2
1 2
Vamac DHC -- --
Vamac DP 100 100
AgeRite Resin D 1 1
Stearic acid 0.5 0.5
Vanfre VAM 0.5 0.5
N550 carbon black 55 55
Vanax MBM 2 2
F40 5 --
F40P-SP2 -- 5.81
DC40 -- --
DC40P-SP2 -- --
Crosslinking with an RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm
Cure temperature 190[degrees]C 190[degrees]C
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 30.80 29.59
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 0.83 0.60
% decrease in ML -- 28%
ts1 (min.) 0.31 0.46
ts2 (min.) 0.35 0.52
% increase in ts2 -- 49%
tc90 (min.) 2.05 2.55
Lowering the cure temp. of the standard peroxides to obtain
the same. Longer scorch times of the SP2 peroxide grades.
Cure temperature 180[degrees]C 190[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 0.44 0.46
ts2 (min.) 0.51 0.52
tc90 (min.) 4.60 2.55
3 4
Vamac DHC -- --
Vamac DP 100 100
AgeRite Resin D 1 1
Stearic acid 0.5 0.5
Vanfre VAM 0.5 0.5
N550 carbon black 55 55
Vanax MBM 2 2
F40 -- --
F40P-SP2 -- --
DC40 7.98 --
DC40P-SP2 -- 8.62
Crosslinking with an RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm
Cure temperature 180[degrees]C 180[degrees]C
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 29.23 29.75
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 0.82 0.71
% decrease in ML -- 13%
ts1 (min.) 0.32 0.42
ts2 (min.) 0.36 0.48
% increase in ts2 -- 33%
tc90 (min.) 2.20 2.39
Lowering the cure temp. of the standard peroxides to obtain
the same. Longer scorch times of the SP2 peroxide grades.
Cure temperature 172[degrees]C 180[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 0.42 0.42
ts2 (min.) 0.49 0.48
tc90 (min.) 4.32 2.39
5 6
Vamac DHC 100 100
Vamac DP -- --
AgeRite Resin D 1 1
Stearic acid 0.5 0.5
Vanfre VAM 0.5 0.5
N550 carbon black 55 55
Vanax MBM 2 2
F40 5 --
F40P-SP2 -- 5.88
DC40 -- --
DC40P-SP2 -- --
Crosslinking with an RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm
Cure temperature 190[degrees]C 190[degrees]C
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 36.59 36.33
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 0.94 0.64
% decrease in ML -- 32%
ts1 (min.) 0.30 0.40
ts2 (min.) 0.33 0.44
% increase in ts2 -- 33%
tc90 (min.) 2.05 2.10
Lowering the cure temp. of the standard peroxides to obtain
the same. Longer scorch times of the SP2 peroxide grades.
Cure temperature 181[degrees]C 190[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 0.37 0.40
ts2 (min.) 0.43 0.44
tc90 (min.) 4.13 2.10
7 8
Vamac DHC 100 100
Vamac DP -- --
AgeRite Resin D 1 1
Stearic acid 0.5 0.5
Vanfre VAM 0.5 0.5
N550 carbon black 55 55
Vanax MBM 2 2
F40 -- --
F40P-SP2 -- --
DC40 7.98 --
DC40P-SP2 -- 9.32
Crosslinking with an RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm
Cure temperature 180[degrees]C 180[degrees]C
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 38.94
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 0.97 0.75
% decrease in ML -- 23%
ts1 (min.) 0.30 0.40
ts2 (min.) 0.33 0.45
% increase in ts2 -- 36%
tc90 (min.) 2.37 2.58
Lowering the cure temp. of the standard peroxides to obtain
the same. Longer scorch times of the SP2 peroxide grades.
Cure temperature 172[degrees]C 180[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 0.38 0.40
ts2 (min.) 0.44 0.45
tc90 (min.) 4.74 2.58
Table 2--mixing Vamac with DC40P-SP2 or,
F40P-SP2 gives three-fold longer scorch time
1 2 3 4
F40 5.00 -- -- --
F40P-SP2 -- 5.81 -- --
DC40 -- -- 7.98 --
DC40P-SP2 -- -- -- 8.62
Scorch time at various temperatures (RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm)
Compounding temp. 135[degrees]C 130[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 13.89 40.51 12.31 34.44
ts2 (min.) 22.01 54.84 19.01 44.89
Compounding temp. 145[degrees]C 140[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 4.94 15.79 4.43 11.55
ts2 (min.) 7.65 20.68 6.66 15.02
5 6 7 8
F40 5.00 -- -- --
F40P-SP2 -- 5.88 -- --
DC40 -- -- 7.98 --
DC40P-SP2 -- -- -- 9.32
Scorch time at various temperatures (RPA, 1 deg. arc, 100 cpm)
Compounding temp. 135[degrees]C 130[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 12.45 39.18 10.00 30.44
ts2 (min.) 19.37 51.07 15.66 38.92
Compounding temp. 145[degrees]C 140[degrees]C
ts1 (min.) 4.40 13.39 3.56 10.25
ts2 (min.) 6.75 17.27 5.42 13.06
Table 3--crosslinking CPE with F40P-S2 and coagents for cable jacket
Control Run 1 Run 2
CPE 100 100 100
N-550 30 30 30
D I D P 30 30 30
CaC[O.sub.3] 125 125 125
MgO 5 5 5
TMPTMA 2 -- --
MBM -- 3 --
TAC -- -- 1.50
F40KE 6 -- --
F40P-SP2 -- 6 4
Curing CPE in an MDR @ 180[degrees]C, 1[degrees] arc
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 33.1 32.4 35.5
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 4.7 4.0 3.7
[M.sub.H] - [M.sub.L] (dN-m) 28.4 28.4 31.8
ts2 (min.) 0.5 0.5 0.3
tc90 (min.) 4.3 2.3 3.6
% decrease in tc90 -- 47% 18%
Extruding CPE/mixing CPE: MDR C 130[degrees]C, 1[degrees] arc
ts0.4 (min.) 7 41 35
ts1 (min.) 7 48 44.6
ts2 (min.) 11.7 55 58.6
Table 4--Vistalon 2504
injection molded brake
cup formulation
Vistalon 2504 100
Zinc oxide 5
AgeRite resin D 1.5
N-550 carbon black 45
DC40KE 10
(control)
Table 5--curing EPDM with DC40P-SP2 at
177[degrees]C: 50% increase in ts2
Crosslinking Vistalon 2504 EPDM. Cure [RPA: 350[degrees]F
(177[degrees]C), 1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm]
10 phr 11.5 phr
DC40KE DC40P-SP2
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 67.32 66.16
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 2.18 1.78
[M.sub.H] - [M.sub.L] (dN-m) 65.14 64.38
ts0.4 (min.) 0.29 0.48
ts1 (min.) 0.33 0.52
% increase in ts1 -- 58%
ts2 (min.) 0.38 0.57
% increase in ts2 -- 50%
tc50 (min.) 1.57 1.77
tc90 (min.) 4.71 4.72
Table 6--mixing EPDM with DC40P-SP2 at
138 [degrees] C: 204% increase in ts2
Vistalon 2504 EPDM compounds at 138 [degrees] C
RPA scorch: 280[degrees]F (138[degrees]C),
1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm
10 phr 11.5 phr
DC40KE DC40P-SP2
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 3.22 3.05
ts1 (min.) 4.61 18.70
% increase in ts1 -- 306%
ts2 (min.) 7.00 21.26
% increase in ts2 -- 204%
Table 7--curing EPDM with F40P-SP2 at
177 [degrees] C: 43% increase in ts2
Crosslinking Vistalon 2504 EPDM
Cure [RPA: 350[degrees]F (177C), 1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm]
6.26 phr 6.26 phr 7.20 phr
F40KE F40M-SP F40P-SP2
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 69.20 67.13 71.17
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 2.20 2.00 2.00
% decrease in [M.sub.L] -- 10% 10%
[M.sub.H] - [M.sub.L] (dN-m) 67.00 65.13 69.17
ts0.4 (min.) 0.34 0.41 0.56
ts1 (min.) 0.41 0.48 0.63
% increase in ts1 -- 17% 54%
ts2 (min.) 0.49 0.57 0.71
% increase in ts2 -- 15% 43%
tc50 (min.) 2.96 3.03 3.14
tc90 (min.) 9.31 9.42 9.33
Table 8--mixing EPDM with F40P-SP2 at
138[degrees]C: 202% increase in ts1
Using F40M-SP and F40P-SP2 to improve the
compounding of Vistalon 2504 EPDM formulations
[RPA scorch: 280[degrees]F (138[degrees]C),
1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm]
6.26 phr 6.26 phr 7.20 phr
F-40KE F40M-SP F40P-SP2
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 3.44 3.37 3.39
ts0.4 (min.) 5.64 11.11 23.70
ts0.6 (min.) 6.87 12.38 25.07
ts1 (min.) 9.08 14.64 27.46
% increase in ts1 -- 61% 202%
ts2 (min.) 14.19 19.85 32.64
% increase in ts2 -- 40% 130%
Table 9--mixing and curing an EVA-EOM
shoe sole compound with F40P-SP2
Evatane EVA (18% vinyl acetate) 80
Engage (EOM) 20
Stearic acid 0.6
Zinc oxide 2.0
Silica 7.0
Calcium carbonate 5.0
Azodicarbonamide 2.3
Polyethylene wax 1.1
Run number 1 2 3
F40KE 1.5 -- --
F40P-SP2 -- 1.5 1.0
Triallyl cyanurate -- -- 0.2
Cure and scorch time of EVA in an RPA at 175[degrees]C
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) @ 175[degrees]C 10.8 10.8 11.1
tc90 (min.) @ 175[degrees]C 8.24 8.25 6.76
% decrease in tc90 @ 175[degrees]C -- -- 18%
ts2 (min.) @ 175[degrees]C 0.82 1.04 1.09
% increase in ts2 @ 175[degrees]C -- 27% 34%
Scorch time of EVA in a Mooney viscometer at 130[degrees]C
t5 Mooney scorch (minutes) 22.1 56.2 66.6
% increase in t5 scorch @ 130[degrees]C -- 155% 202%
Table 10--mixing and curing a Zetpol 2010
HNBR with DC40P-SP2
DC40KE 8.0 --
DC40P-SP2 -- 9.4
MDR at 350[degrees]F (177
[degrees]C), 1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 15.03 15.19
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 0.72 0.59
% decrease in ML -- 18%
[M.sub.H] - [M.sub.L] (dN-m) 14.31 14.60
tc 90 (min.) 4.24 4.30
ts 1 (min.) 0.70 0.84
% increase in ts1 -- 20%
MDR at 300[degrees]F (149
[degrees]C), 1[degrees] arc, 100 cpm
ts1 (min.) 5.26 8.92
% change in ts1 -- 70%
Table 11--mixing and curing a Zetpol 2010
HNBR with F40P-SP2 (ref. 11)
F40KE 8.0 --
F40P-SP2 -- 9.2
MDR at 338[degrees]F (170
[degrees]C), 0.5[degrees] arc, 100 cpm
[M.sub.H] (dN-m) 20.9 21.5
[M.sub.L] (dN-m) 1.6 1.5
[M.sub.H] - [M.sub.L] (dN-m) 19.3 20.0
tc 90 (min.) 10.4 10.5
ts 2 (min) 1.30 1.60
% increase in ts2 -- 23%
Compression set: method B, buttons
70 hrs. @ 150[degrees]C 22.8% 21.7%
t5 Mooney scorch (minutes)
t5 (minutes) @ 135[degrees]C 16.20 >30
% change in t5 -- >85%
t5 (minutes) @ 145[degrees]C 7.30 12.30
% change in t5 -- 68%
Figure 1--ts2 scorch time @ 130[degrees]-145[degrees]C:
Vamac DHC using F4OP-SP2 or DC4OP-SP2
ts2 scorch time (minutes)
135[degrees]C 19.37
145[degrees]C 6.75
F40 51.07
F40P-SP2 17.27
130[degrees]C 15.66
140[degrees]C 5.42
DC40 38.92
DC40P-SP2 13.06
Note: Table made from bar graph.
Figure 2--effect of F40P-SP2 and coagent
on CPE tc90 cure time (minutes)
Effect of peroxide and coagent on Tc90 of
CPE @ 180[degrees]
6 phr F40KE
+ 2 phr TMPTMA 4.3
6 phr F40P-SP2
+ 1.5 phr TAC 3.6
6 phr F40P-SP2 +
3 phr HVA2 2.3
Note: Table made from bar graph.
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