Lowering pH of whey powder increases browning rate.The color of freshly dried whey whey liquid residue from milk after the removal of cheese curds in the manufacture of cheese. An excellent protein supplement but difficult to handle in the liquid form, except to pigs maintained close to the cheese factory. Dried whey is easy to handle but processing costs are high. powder is white with a slight yellowish-green hue. When it's stored, the powder may acquire an undesirable brown color. Dried whey shows considerable variation in the rate at which it darkens. A variety of factors cause the material to darken dark·en v. dark·ened, dark·en·ing, dark·ens v.tr. 1. a. To make dark or darker. b. To give a darker hue to. 2. To fill with sadness; make gloomy. 3. . Alkaline pH appears to increase the rate of browning in model sugar-amino acid buffer systems. One possible cause: the liquid whey may be subjected to various holding times and temperatures before it is dried, which might cause a change in pH. This would affect the browning potential of whey powders when they are stored. University of Wisconsin scientists determined the effect of pH on the browning of whey powders. Spray-dried whey powders of the pH often used in manufacturing were stored at various temperatures in open and sealed containers. Scientists found that lowering the pH of whey powders increases the rate of browning. In their work, the researchers modified the pH of dry whey powders by exposing them to vaporous acetic acid acetic acid (əsē`tĭk), CH3CO2H, colorless liquid that has a characteristic pungent odor, boils at 118°C;, and is miscible with water in all proportions; it is a weak organic carboxylic acid (see carboxyl group). . Also, liquid whey was acidified acidified /acid·i·fied/ (ah-sid´i-fid) having been made acid. with lactic acid lactic acid, CH3CHOHCO2H, a colorless liquid organic acid. It is miscible with water or ethanol. Lactic acid is a fermentation product of lactose (milk sugar); it is present in sour milk, koumiss, leban, yogurt, and cottage cheese. to different pHs, then freeze-dried. The investigators studied browning at different time-temperature conditions. They found that the whey powders in sealed containers browned faster than those in open containers. At 100 C, all dry whey samples browned within 24 hours. The extent of color formation was increased by acidic conditions. In general, browning increased with higher temperatures and longer storage times. Similar results were obtained for the freeze-dried powders. Understanding the process involved here will help in modifying processing and handling conditions to obtain high-quality whey powders that are stable to browning. Loaded with essential amino acids essential amino acid n. An alpha-amino acid that is required for protein synthesis but cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained in the diet. , whey is one of the best sources of protein for consumers. Whey is rich in branched-chain amino acids The phrase branched-chain amino acids or BCAA is sometimes used to refer to the amino acids having aliphatic side-chains that are non-linear. These are leucine, isoleucine and valine. , components that provide energy for those undergoing intense or prolonged periods of exercise. But there is more to whey ingredients than a nutritional appeal. Formulators are taking advantage of whey's functional properties, such as whipping and foaming, emulsification, gelation gelation /ge·la·tion/ (je-la´shun) conversion of a sol into a gel. ge·la·tion n. 1. Solidification by cooling or freezing. 2. The process of forming a gel. 3. and high water-binding capabilities, to improve the taste and mouthfeel of new products or to replace fat. Further information. Scott Rankin, Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1605 Linden Dr., A203B Babcock Hall, Madison, WI 53706; phone: 608-263-2008; fax: 608-262-6872; email: sarankin@wisc.edu. |
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