Job stress and cardiovascular health.Kivimaki M, Leino-Arjas P, Luukkonen R, Riihimaki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J. Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: Prospective cohort study A cohort study is a form of longitudinal study used in medicine and social science. It is one type of study design. In medicine, it is usually undertaken to obtain evidence to try to refute the existence of a suspected association between cause and disease; failure to refute of industrial employees. BMJ BMJ n abbr (= British Medical Journal) → vom BMA herausgegebene Zeitschrift 2002;325:857. On-the-job stress increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Individuals with job strain (eg, high demands, little control) and imbalance imbalance /im·bal·ance/ (im-bal´ans) 1. lack of balance, such as between two opposing muscles or between electrolytes in the body. 2. dysequilibrium (2). between effort and reward (eg, high demands, low job security, few career opportunities) are twice as likely to die as a result of cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease Disease that affects the heart and blood vessels. Mentioned in: Lipoproteins Test cardiovascular disease than are employees who do not experience this kind of stress. These are the results of a prospective cohort study of 812 industrial employees free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Work tasks of the individuals studied included engineering as well as foundry A semiconductor manufacturer that makes chips for third parties. It may be a large chip maker that sells its excess manufacturing capacity or one that makes chips exclusively for other companies. , clerical, and administrative work. Data were collected with the use of questionnaires, interviews, and clinical examinations, and blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, and body mass index were measured at 5- and 10-year follow-up examinations. The job strain indicator was developed on the basis of a work demand and job control questionnaire, with high job strain defined as high or intermediate demands with low control, low job strain defined as low dema nds with high or intermediate control, and intermediate job strain defined as all other combinations of demand and control. After a mean follow-up period of 25.6 years, 73 cardiovascular deaths had occurred among the 812 participants. At the time of the 5-year follow-up examination of individuals working in the same occupation, there was an increased association between job strain and cardiovascular mortality, with a hazard ratio The hazard ratio in survival analysis is the effect of an explanatory variable on the hazard or risk of an event. For a less technical definition than is provided here, consider hazard ratio to be an estimate of relative risk and see the explanation on that page. of 2.90 (95% confidence interval confidence interval, n a statistical device used to determine the range within which an acceptable datum would fall. Confidence intervals are usually expressed in percentages, typically 95% or 99%. , 1.25-6.71). The association between reward-effort imbalance and mortality remained the same, with a hazard ratio of 2.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-5.68). Cholesterol increased in individuals with high job strain and low job control, and body mass index increased in individuals with low job control and high effort-reward imbalance. Age, sex, working status, smoking, lifestyle, blood pressure, cholesterol, and body mass index also affected individuals' risk for cardiovascular death. More research is needed to determine the effects of workplace int erventions. |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Printer friendly
Cite/link
Email
Feedback
Reader Opinion