It's your choice.Test your chemistry IQ! Answer the following questions about elements and the periodic table. 1. Name that element! -- 2. Venus's "metallic snow" is a mineral made of the mystery element and sulfur. A mineral is A a compound with a full outer shell of electrons. B a naturally-occurring solid with a uniform structure. C an element that is a solid at room temperature. D a gas formed when two elements share two electrons. 3. Which of the following elements has an atomic mass atomic mass, the mass of a single atom, usually expressed in atomic mass units that's greater than the mystery element's? A Bismuth bismuth (bĭz`məth) [Ger. Weisse Masse=white mass], metallic chemical element; symbol Bi; at. no. 83; at. wt. 208.9804; m.p. 271.3°C;; b.p. about 1,560°C;; sp. gr. 9.75 at 20°C;; valence +3 or +5. (Bi) B Gold (Au) C Mercury (Hg) D Carbon (C) 4. Which element is a transition metal? A Neon (Ne) B Magnesium (Mg) C Iron (Fe) D Carbon (C) 5. If an atom of gold (Au) were to lose two protons, it would have the same atomic number atomic number, often represented by the symbol Z, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, as well as the number of electrons in the neutral atom. Atoms with the same atomic number make up a chemical element. as A Boron boron (bōr`ŏn) [New Gr. from borax], chemical element; symbol B; at. no. 5; at. wt. 10.81; m.p. about 2,300°C;; sublimation point about 2,550°C;; sp. gr. 2.3 at 25°C;; valence +3. (B) B Cesium cesium (sē`zēəm) [Lat.,=bluish gray], a metallic chemical element; symbol Cs; at. no. 55; at. wt. 132.9054; m.p. 28.4°C;; b.p. 669.3°C;; sp. gr. 1.873 at 20°C;; valence +1. (Cs) C Silver (Ag) D Iridium iridium (ĭrĭd`ēəm), metallic chemical element; symbol Ir; at. no. 77; at. wt. 192.22; m.p. about 2,410°C;; b.p. about 4,130°C;; sp. gr. 22.55 at 20°C;; valence +3 or +4. (Ir) 6. A valence electron valence electron n. An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. valence electron A is a negatively-charged particle in an atom's nucleus. B equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. C is a negatively-charged particle in an atom's outer shell. D gives elements their atomic mass. LIMITED LUSTER: In nature, the mystery element can react with oxygen in the air. That turns the soft metal's surface from brilliant to dull gray. DID YOU KNOW? * Scientists think composer Ludwig van Beethoven was poisoned by lead. His hair contained lead levels that were 100 times greater than normal. * The word "plumbing" comes from the Latin word for lead, or plumbum, which also gave lead its atomic symbol, Pb. * Pencil "lead" is made of graphite, a form of carbon. But it's referred to as "lead," because when graphite was discovered, everyone thought it was a type of lead. CRITICAL THINKING: * Toxic lead has been banned as an ingredient in many common products, such as house paints. Even so, the American Academy of Pediatrics The American Academy of Pediatrics ("AAP") is an organization of pediatricians, physicians trained to deal with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. Its motto is: "Dedicated to the Health of All Children. estimates that nearly 1 million U.S. children have elevated levels of lead in their blood. Discuss ways to guard a family against lead. For help, visit: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/metal.html CROSS-CURRICULAR CONNECTIONS: HEALTH: Research how lead enters the human body. Then, make an anatomical diagram highlighting the route of exposure. For an example, visit: www.epa.nsw.gov.au/leadsafe/leadinf3.htm RESOURCES * Grolier search term: periodic table of elements * Discover how to spot minerals, like galena galena (gəlē`nə) or lead glance, lustrous, blue-gray mineral crystallizing usually in cubes, sometimes in octahedrons. It is the most important ore and the principal source of lead. , and play "Mineral Mastermind" at this Oxford University site: www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/minerals/minsmast.htm CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING NAME THAT ELEMENT! NAME: -- DIRECTIONS: On a separate piece of paper, defend or dispute the following statements. (Hint: Defend means to explain why a statement is correct. Dispute means to explain why a statement is incorrect.) 1. Alchemists An alchemist was a person versed in the art of alchemy, an ancient branch of natural philosophy that eventually evolved into chemistry and pharmacology. Alchemy flourished in the Islamic world during the Middle Ages, and then in Europe from the 13th to the 18th centuries. found a successful formula to turn lead into gold. 2. Lead is found only on Earth. 3. Lead is a safe ingredient in house paints. 4. Gasoline containing lead has been banned from gas pumps in the United States. Name That Element! 1. Alchemists thought that by removing some of lead's protons, its atomic number would change into that of gold. But this formula did not work. 2. Lead isn't only found on Earth. Scientists believe that they have found it dusting the mountaintops on Venus. 3. Lead is not a safe ingredient in house paints. By 1978, scientists had discovered that lead is a neurotoxin neurotoxin /neu·ro·tox·in/ (noor´o-tok?sin) a substance that is poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue. neu·ro·tox·in n. See neurolysin. . So other metals replaced lead in house paints. 4. Gasoline containing lead has been banned from U.S. gas pumps since 1996. That's because when tiny particles of lead are emitted from exhaust pipes, they pollute the environment, causing health problems. ANSWERS 1. Lead(Pb) 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. c |
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