Issues and Opportunities Related to Early Toxicology Testing in the Drug Discovery Area.LYON, France -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report related to the Worldwide pharmaceutical industry is now available to its catalogue. Early Toxicology: Markets and Approaches http://www.reportlinker.com/p049680/early-toxicology.html Toxicity is a crucial parameter that is measured throughout the drug development process. Toxic side-effects are one of the most common reasons drug candidates fail. Toxicity can be a factor of dose, the form in which the drug is administered, and the time of exposure before elimination. Patient responses also differ widely, depending on their age and metabolism and other products in the patient's system may augment the effect of the drug. Just twenty years TWENTY YEARS. The lapse of twenty years raises a presumption of certain facts, and after such a time, the party against whom the presumption has been raised, will be required to prove a negative to establish his rights. 2. ago, toxicology was something that was measured after a drug was developed. Traditional studies were performed in-vivo with animals, and required 20 to 100 grams of the candidate compound for a single set of evaluations. Intake of the compound was measured, and a series of toxicity tests were performed, including LD 50 and histological examinations of target organs. These tox tests were expensive, time-consuming and were only performed on drug candidates that had already passed all other criteria to become successful drugs. These studies were high information, but low throughput estimates of a candidate drug's toxicology. Failures were common, and expensive. The goal was to find approaches that would predict toxicology at an earlier stage, and with less cost. Various in vivo in vivo /in vi·vo/ (ve´vo) [L.] within the living body. in vi·vo adj. Within a living organism. in vivo adv. , in vitro in vitro /in vi·tro/ (in ve´tro) [L.] within a glass; observable in a test tube; in an artificial environment. in vi·tro adj. In an artificial environment outside a living organism. , and in silico approaches have been evolving ever since. The objective of this report is to focus the reader's attention on the issues and opportunities related to early tox testing in drug discovery, including: quantification of the current and future markets for various segments and subsegments, discussion of various big pharma approaches to early toxicology testing, review of the emerging tools and techniques, the views of interviewed experts in the field, and a landscape of competitors and their product and service offerings. The report begins with an overview of drug discovery, ADMET ADMET Acyclic Diene Metathesis ADMET Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (drug properties) , and early tox testing. It continues with some of the ways big pharmas deal with early tox. The next four chapters deal with the markets for in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo early tox products, and with the suppliers of early tox services. Product, company and market information are provided in each of these chapters. Opinions of the experts on basic issues are provided in Chapter Seven. The report concludes with profiles of 30 representative suppliers, the products they provide and their approach to the market. For the purposes of reporting market size and growth forecasts, the report segments the market into the following: In Silico Approaches Databases Data Mining Tools Modeling In Vitro Assays and Platforms Biochemical Assays Cellular Assays Instruments & Platforms In Vivo Testing Mice & Traditional Animals Zebrafish Models Other Animals Human Microdosing Early Tox Services In Silico Services In Vitro Services In Vivo Services Table of content Chapter One: Executive Summary Chapter Two: Pharma Strategies and Toxicology * Tactics * Abbott: Developing Their Own Tools * Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY), colloquially referred to as BMS, is a pharmaceutical corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Bristol-Myers Company, founded in 1887 by William McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers in Clinton, NY (both were : Reducing Drug Attrition * Eli Lilly Eli Lilly can refer to:
abbr. Food and Drug Administration FDA, n.pr See Food and Drug Administration. FDA, n.pr the abbreviation for the Food and Drug Administration. * Glaxo SmithKline: Promoting Productivity * Johnson & Johnson: Alliances and Biomarkers * Novartis: Cheminformatics & Model building * Pfizer: Multiple approaches * Wyeth: Hitting Their Targets Chapter Three: In Silico Approaches: Databases and Modeling * Background * Databases * Data Mining and Analysis * In-Silico Modeling * Predicting Toxicity with QSARs and Expert Modeling Systems * Government Agency and Public Initiatives Chapter Four: In Vitro Assays & Platforms * Biochemical Assays & Systems * Assays * BD Biosciences * Promega's * Invitrogen * Systems * Beckman Coulter This article needs sources or references that appear in reliable, third-party publications. Alone, primary sources and sources affiliated with the subject of this article are not sufficient for an accurate encyclopedia article. * Tecan * Molecular Devices Molecular Devices Corporation is a leading supplier of high-performance bioanalytical measurement systems that accelerate and improve drug discovery and other life sciences research. * Hamilton * NIMBUS Biotechnology * Cellular Assays & High-Content Screening High Content screening is an automated cell biology method drawing on optics, chemistry, biology and image analysis to permit rapid, highly parallel biological research and drug discovery. (HCS HCS - Heterogeneous Computer System A distributed system project. ) * HCS Platforms * Cellomics * Beckman * GE Biosciences * CompuCyte * Imstar S.A. * Assays * Cellomics * GE Biosciences * Exelixis * Caliper caliper Instrument that consists of two adjustable legs or jaws for measuring the dimensions of material parts. Spring calipers have an adjusting screw and nut; firm-joint calipers use friction at the joint to hold the legs unmoving. * Promega * Toxicogenomics * High Throughput Genomics * Gene Logic * Gentronix * Iconix * New Technologies & Approaches * ACEA ACEA Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles ACEA Association of Consulting Engineers Australia ACEA Advisory Committee on Environmental Aspects ACEA Association Canadienne des Etudes Africaines (French) Biosciences * Amphioxus amphioxus: see lancelet. amphioxus or lancelet Any of certain small marine chordates (invertebrate subphylum Cephalochordata) found widely on tropical and subtropical coasts and less commonly in temperate waters. Cell Technologies * ACEA Biosciences * Cellartis AB * VistaGen Therapeutics * ESA 1. (architecture) ESA - Enterprise Systems Architecture. 2. (body) ESA - European Space Agency. * High Throughput Genomics * Hurel * InvivoSciences LLC (Logical Link Control) See "LANs" under data link protocol. LLC - Logical Link Control * Qualyst * Solidus Biosciences * Others (Cytomyx Ltd, Cyprotex, CreaCell, Neurion, ChanTest) * Markets for In Vitro Early Tox Products * Biochemical Assays * Cellular Assays * Instruments and Platforms Chapter Five: In-Vivo Testing: Animal Models & Human Microdosing * Animal Models * Traditional Animal Models * Zebrafish * Role in Drug Discovery Testing * Applications in Toxicology * Charles River Charles River River, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. The longest river wholly in the state, it flows into Boston Bay after a course of about 80 mi (130 km). Navigable for about 7 mi (11 km), its estuary separates the cities of Boston and Cambridge. Laboratories * Daniolabs * Phylonix * Zygogen * Other Animal Models * Rat Models--Hepaticus, Inc. * Mouse Models--University of North Carolina North Carolina, state in the SE United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (E), South Carolina and Georgia (S), Tennessee (W), and Virginia (N). Facts and Figures Area, 52,586 sq mi (136,198 sq km). Pop. * Caenorhadbitis elegans--Affymetrix * Caenorhadbitis elegans-- NemaRx * Drosophila--Indiana University * Drosophila--Affymetrix * Human Microdosing * Markets for In-Vivo Products Chapter Six: Service Suppliers * Customers for Early Tox Services * Suppliers of In Silico Services * Suppliers of In Vitro Testing Services * Product Suppliers That Provide In Vitro Services * Suppliers of Animal Testing Animal testing or animal research refers to the use of animals in experiments. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide [4][5][6] Services * Service Supplier Markets for Early Tox Chapter Seven: Expert Views on Early Tox * General Questions * ADMET has been treated like a single subject. Is there any merit in considering early tox separately from ADME ADME Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion ADME Association of Destination Management Executives ADME Active Duty Medical Extension ? * What are the most important things early tox should tell you? * Which potential problems and what organ systems should early tox address? * What are the factors that have made early tox so difficult to deal with? * In-silico, In-vitro, In-vivo: Which of these three areas hold the most promise? * If early tox predictions could be made with better than 75% accuracy, how would this impact drug discovery? * What approach(s) do you use in your early tox work? * How large is the market for early tox? How fast is it growing? * Questions About In silico Approaches * Which in-silico models have been most effective predictors? * Who are the leading suppliers of models for early tox? * Which new models should capture our attention? * Which databases are most useful? * How important is data sharing between companies (consortiums)? * Questions About In vitro Approaches * How important are cellular assays and HCS for early tox work? * Will they displace traditional biochemical assays for early tox? * What is the role of toxicogenomics in early tox? * Will chip assays displace microplate assays as the method of choice? * What are the hottest new approaches to in-vitro early tox? * Questions about In Vivo Approaches * Which animal models are most useful in early tox? * Will zebrafish assays replace more costly rodent models? * What are the advantages and limitations of zebrafish models? * What role do you expect human microdosing to play in drug discovery? * What impact will microdosing have on early tox? Chapter Eight: Company Profiles * Accelrys * ACEA * Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI AMRI Albany Molecular Research (stock symbol) AMRI Advanced Magnetic Research Institute (Mocksville, NC) AMRI Advanced Materials Research Institute AMRI Adult Movie Review Index ) * Amphioxus Cell Technologies (Stem Cell stem cell In living organisms, an undifferentiated cell that can produce other cells that eventually make up specialized tissues and organs. There are two major types of stem cells, embryonic and adult. Innovations) * BD Biosciences * Beckman Coulter, Inc. * Bio-Rad Laboratories * Caliper Life Sciences (formerly Zymark) * Cambridge Cell Networks * CeeTox * Cellartis * Cellomics * HCS Products * Charles River Laboratories * CompuCyte * Elsevier MDL * GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences (formerly Amersham Biosciences) * Gene Logic * High Throughput Genomics * Hurel Corporation * Iconix Biosciences * ID Business Solutions Ltd. (IDBS IDBS Intelligent Dial Backup Switch ) * Invitrogen * Phylonix * PreClinOmics * Promega * Qualyst * Simulations Plus * Solidus Biosciences * Xceleron * Zygogen More market research reports? Go to http://www.reportlinker.com http://www.reportlinker.com/Rss/en/index.htm http://www.reportlinker.com/Rss/fr/index.htm http://blog.reportlinker.com |
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