Inmate mental health--table 1: numbers.

INMATE MENTAL HEALTH--TABLE 2: STAFFING

                     THERAPISTS ON
SYSTEM              STAFF 12-31-04       CONSIDERED ADEQUATE NUMBER

ALABAMA            132                 Yes

ALASKA             No response         No response

ARIZONA            179                 No, currently requesting
                                       additional full-time staff
                                       for transitional and release
                                       planning

ARKANSAS           60                  No, lack funding

CALIFORNIA         1,234               Yes

COLORADO           46                  No, diagnosed population
                                       increasing 1 percent per year

CONNECTICUT        Unknown (1)         Yes, the department is
                                       consolidating services to
                                       better utilize staff

DELAWARE           27                  Yes

DISTRICT           10                  No, the mental health
OF COLUMBIA                            population is increasing

FLORIDA            No response         No response

GEORGIA            358                 No, due to staff cuts for
                                       the past two years

HAWAII             17                  No, there are many vacancies
                                       and need for additional
                                       Ph.D.s and medical doctors

IDAHO              17                  Yes

ILLINOIS           No response         No response

INDIANA            Unknown             Yes

IOWA               26                  No

KANSAS             68                  Yes

KENTUCKY           114                 No

LOUISIANA          155                 Yes

MAINE              No response         No response

MARYLAND           37                  No

MASSACHUSETTS      85                  Yes

MICHIGAN           227 (2)             Yes

MINNESOTA          70, approx.         Yes

MISSISSIPPI        2                   No

MISSOURI           Unavailable         Considered the minimum
                                       necessary

MONTANA            No response         No response

NEBRASKA           37                  No

NEVADA             Unknown             No

NEW HAMPSHIRE      20                  No

NEW JERSEY         198                 Yes

NEW MEXICO         59                  No, staff is thinly distributed
                                       at most facilities

NEW YORK           250, approx.        Yes

NORTH CAROLINA     No response         No response

NORTH DAKOTA       6                   No, could use more nurses and
                                       social workers

OHIO               611                 Yes, the state has established
                                       ratios

OKLAHOMA           Unknown

OREGON             25                  No, due to increase in number
                                       of mentally ill inmates and
                                       acuity levels

PENNSYLVANIA       150, approx.        Yes

RHODE ISLAND       10                  No

SOUTH CAROLINA     54                  No

SOUTH DAKOTA       14                  Yes

TENNESSEE          47                  No

TEXAS              368                 Yes, adequate to provide a
                                       constitutional level of care

VERMONT            No response         No response

UTAH               12                  No

VIRGINIA           No response         No response

WASHINGTON         71                  No

WEST VIRGINIA

WISCONSIN          106                 No

WYOMING            No response         No response

FEDERAL BUREAU     No response         No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND       3                   No, there is a need for a
                                       psychologist

NOVA SCOTIA        1 (3)               Yes

ONTARIO            General numbers     No, not all institutions employ
                   are unknown (4)     mental health nurses, social
                                       workers or psychologists;
                                       contract psychiatrist hours
                                       vary and may not be sufficient
                                       in all facilities

CORRECTIONAL       404                 No
SERVICE CANADA

                     STAFF CHANGES
                    JAN. 1 THROUGH      SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIRED FOR
SYSTEM               DEC. 31, 2003           COs AND SUPERVISORS

ALABAMA            Increased           Yes

ALASKA             No response         No response

ARIZONA            Remained the same   Yes, medication management,
                                       screening and identification,
                                       referral, signs and symptoms,
                                       inmate management

ARKANSAS           Remained the same   Yes, in-service training

CALIFORNIA         Increased           Yes, four hours of mental
                                       health training

COLORADO           Decreased           Yes, at special units, optional
                                       at other units

CONNECTICUT        Remained the same   Yes, four hours annually in
                                       suicide prevention and 16 hours
                                       far all staff in the designated
                                       mental health facility

DELAWARE           Increased           Yes, at the training academy
                                       and at local prisons

DISTRICT           Remained the same   Yes, 40 hours plus an
OF COLUMBIA                            eight-hour annual
                                       re-certification class

FLORIDA            No response         No response

GEORGIA            Decreased           Yes, 32-hour program

HAWAII             Increased           Yes, training is mandatory and
                                       some in-service training is
                                       provided as requested

IDAHO              Remained the same   Yes, training officers assigned
                                       to the mental health unit or
                                       all those completing the
                                       academy is done by a contract
                                       psychologist

ILLINOIS           No response         No response

INDIANA            Increased           Yes, for staff working in
                                       dedicated mental health units

IOWA               Remained the same   Currently being developed

KANSAS             Increased           Yes

KENTUCKY           Remained the same   Yes, addressing basic mental
                                       health issues

LOUISIANA          Remained the same   Yes, a 16-hour course

MAINE              No response         No response

MARYLAND           Remained the same   Yes, basic and
                                       cognitive-behavior concepts

MASSACHUSETTS      Remained the same   Yes, annual training on suicide
                                       prevention and signs/symptoms
                                       of mental illness

MICHIGAN           Remained the same   Yes, plus additional training
                                       for those in residential and
                                       inpatient programs

MINNESOTA          Increased           Yes, annual training on suicide
                                       prevention and working with the
                                       mentally ill; ongoing training
                                       for staff working in specialty
                                       programs

MISSISSIPPI        Remained the same   No

MISSOURI           Remained the same   Yes, covered in basic and core
                                       training on the special needs
                                       offender

MONTANA            No response         No response

NEBRASKA           Remained the same   Yes, four hours of pre-service
                                       and two hours of annual
                                       training focusing on suicide
                                       prevention and intervention

NEVADA             Remained the same   Yes

NEW HAMPSHIRE      Remained the same   Yes

NEW JERSEY         Remained the same   Yes, including suicide
                                       prevention

NEW MEXICO         Remained the same   Yes, mandatory for all new
                                       cadets

NEW YORK           Increased           Yes, in recognizing abnormal
                                       behavior, suicide prevention
                                       and special housing unit
                                       training

NORTH CAROLINA     No response         No response

NORTH DAKOTA       Remained the same   Yes, including suicide
                                       prevention

OHIO               Remained the same   Yes, a two-day session for
                                       those assigned to work
                                       directly with mentally ill
                                       inmates

OKLAHOMA           Increased           Yes

OREGON             Remained the same   Yes, new employee orientation
                                       and in-service training

PENNSYLVANIA       Increased           Yes, two-day training for those
                                       assigned to special needs units

RHODE ISLAND       Remained the same   Yes

SOUTH CAROLINA     Decreased           No

SOUTH DAKOTA       Increased           Yes, new employee training plus
                                       suicide prevention

TENNESSEE          Remained the same   Yes, new employee training,
                                       annual on-site refresher
                                       training and quarterly special
                                       training

TEXAS              Decreased           Yes, pre-service and in-service
                                       training, including suicide
                                       prevention; additional training
                                       for those assigned to special
                                       needs facilities

VERMONT            No response         No response

UTAH               Remained the same   Yes

VIRGINIA           No response         No response

WASHINGTON         Remained the same   Yes, some training provided
                                       by the mental health staff

WEST VIRGINIA

WISCONSIN          Remained the same   Yes, eight hours of training,
                                       including suicide prevention

WYOMING            No response         No response

FEDERAL BUREAU     No response         No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND       Remained the same   No

NOVA SCOTIA        Remained the same   Yes, several weeks of training
                                       from forensic specialists for
                                       those assigned to the special
                                       needs unit

ONTARIO            Remained the same   Yes, minimal amount; an
                                       optional professional
                                       development course is offered
                                       to experienced officers

CORRECTIONAL       Decreased           No
SERVICE CANADA

                      SPECIAL TRAINING ON SECURITY ISSUES
                          AND PROCEDURES REQUIRED FOR
SYSTEM                    MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

ALABAMA            Yes

ALASKA             No response

ARIZONA            Yes, agency and facility specific,
                   general security and safety

ARKANSAS           Yes, three-day nonsecurity training

CALIFORNIA         Yes, four hours annually, including use
                   of force

COLORADO           Yes, all staff complete basic and 40
                   hours annual training

CONNECTICUT        Yes, six weeks academy training upon
                   hire and 40 hours annual training

DELAWARE           Yes, on-site training

DISTRICT           Yes
OF COLUMBIA

FLORIDA            No response

GEORGIA            Yes, 24-hour pre-service orientation
                   and 20 hours in-service annual training

HAWAII             No, not mandatory but is available

IDAHO              Yes, 12 to 40 hours for contract staff,
                   depending on assignment; three-week
                   academy for all staff

ILLINOIS           No response

INDIANA            Yes, departmental basic training and
                   annual updates

IOWA               Yes

KANSAS             Yes

KENTUCKY           Yes, annual training

LOUISIANA          Yes, 40 hours of in-service training

MAINE              No response

MARYLAND           Yes, academy sessions and annual
                   training

MASSACHUSETTS      Yes, departmental orientations

MICHIGAN           Yes, 40 hours in new-employee school

MINNESOTA          Yes, academy completion before facility
                   assignment; continuing education by
                   the department

MISSISSIPPI        Yes, one-week academy training

MISSOURI           Yes, covered in basic and core training
                   on the special needs offender

MONTANA            No response

NEBRASKA           Yes, four- to five-week pre-service and
                   32 hours annually of in-service for
                   those with direct inmate contact

NEVADA             Yes

NEW HAMPSHIRE      Yes

NEW JERSEY         Yes, a custody orientation program

NEW MEXICO         Yes, one-week orientation plus annual
                   refresher training

NEW YORK           Yes, general facility orientation for
                   new employees

NORTH CAROLINA     No response

NORTH DAKOTA       Yes, 40 hours initial training plus
                   annual refresher training

OHIO               Yes, two-day training sessions on signs
                   and symptoms, suicide prevention and
                   communication strategies

OKLAHOMA           Yes, pre-service and in-service

OREGON             Yes, new employee orientation and
                   in-service training

PENNSYLVANIA       Yes

RHODE ISLAND       Yes, new employee orientation

SOUTH CAROLINA     Yes, orientation plus suicide prevention

SOUTH DAKOTA       Yes

TENNESSEE          Yes

TEXAS              Yes, orientation training

VERMONT            No response

UTAH               Yes, most mental health staff are
                   certified as correctional officers

VIRGINIA           No response

WASHINGTON         Yes, six weeks of correctional worker
                   core training at beginning of
                   employment

WEST VIRGINIA

WISCONSIN          Yes, four-day course at beginning of
                   employment, except for psychiatrists
                   who receive quarterly training

WYOMING            No response

FEDERAL BUREAU     No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND       Yes

NOVA SCOTIA        Yes, included in all orientations and
                   on-going training

ONTARIO            Yes, basic orientation to the facility

CORRECTIONAL       Yes, part of overall orientation training
SERVICE CANADA

(1) CONNECTICUT: Registered nurses function in multiple capacities,
including mental health; therefore, the actual number of related
staff is unknown.

(2) MICHIGAN: The number of staff noted includes those covered in
the budgeted figures provided on Table 1 but not 107.5 institutional
psychologists and social workers.

(3) NOVA SCOTIA: The system also has access to a mentally ill
offender inpatient program and its staff.

(4) ONTARIO: Twenty-eight annualized contracts are in effect
for psychiatric services.

INMATE MENTAL HEALTH--TABLE 1: NUMBERS

For purposes of this survey, the definition for mental illness
is: Psychiatric illness or disease expressed primarily through
abnormalities of thought, feeling and behavior producing either
distress and/or impaired function.

                                                      PERCENT OF TOTAL
                                                         POPULATION
                                     BASIS USED FOR     DIAGNOSED AS
                      INITIAL        MENTAL ILLNESS   MENTALLY ILL ON
SYSTEM               SCREENING       DETERMINATION        12-31-03

ALABAMA           At intake         DSM-IV; prior     24%
                                    records review

ALASKA            No response       No response       No response

ARIZONA           At intake         DSM-IV;           15%
                                    interview;
                                    assessment and
                                    treatment team
                                    evaluation

ARKANSAS          At intake         Prior history     6%, approx.
                                    and stability
                                    on meds;
                                    observation
                                    of symptoms

CALIFORNIA        At intake         DSM-IV; case      16.7%
                                    assessment

COLORADO          At intake         DSM-IV for        16%
                                    major illness

CONNECTICUT       At intake         Prior history;    13%
                                    presenting
                                    behavior;
                                    self-report

DELAWARE          At intake         DSM-IV; prior     13.63%
                                    history and
                                    records review

DISTRICT OF       At intake         DSM-IV; prior     69.8%
COLUMBIA                            history and
                                    records review

FLORIDA           No response       No response

GEORGIA           Within 24 hours   DSM-IV; prior     15.1%
                  of admission      history; if
                                    currently taking
                                    psychotropic
                                    medications

HAWAII            At intake         DSM-IV; prior     15%
                                    history and
                                    records review;
                                    facility
                                    psychiatrist
                                    diagnosis

IDAHO             At intake         DSM-IV, prior     19%, approx.
                                    history and
                                    records review,
                                    clinical
                                    evaluation by
                                    clinician or
                                    psychiatrist

ILLINOIS          No response       No response       No response

INDIANA           At intake         DSM-IV; MH        11%, approx.,
                                    professional      plus substance
                                    determination     abuse

IOWA              At intake         DSM-IV; prior     18%
                                    history and
                                    records review;
                                    suicide attempts
                                    and medications

KANSAS            At intake         DSM-IV; MH        18%
                                    professional
                                    determination;
                                    prior history;
                                    patient
                                    interview

KENTUCKY          At intake         DSM-IV            16%

LOUISIANA         At intake         DSM-IV; prior     15% average
                                    history and
                                    records;
                                    psychological
                                    testing

MAINE             No response       No response       No response

MARYLAND          At intake         DSM-IV;           14%
                                    self-report
                                    analysis

MASSACHUSETTS     At intake         Clinical          22%
                                    evaluation, not
                                    diagnostic
                                    categories

MICHIGAN          At intake         DSM-IV, through   10%
                                    screening,
                                    testing and
                                    interviews

MINNESOTA         Within 24         DSM-IV; prior     22.5%
                  hours of          records review;   average
                  admission         interview

MISSISSIPPI       During initial    DSM-IV;           10%
                  classification    interviews;
                                    prior records
                                    review

MISSOURI          At intake         DSM-IV; prior     13%
                                    history and
                                    records review;
                                    interview

MONTANA           No response       No response       No response

NEBRASKA          At intake         DSM-IV; prior     17.5%
                                    records review    average

NEVADA            At intake         DSM-IV; prior     13%
                                    history review
                                    and behavior
                                    analysis

NEW HAMPSHIRE     At intake         DSM-IV            18%

NEW JERSEY        At intake         DSM-IV            12%

NEW MEXICO        At intake         DSM-IV; clinical  12.5%
                                    interview;
                                    routine history
                                    taking

NEW YORK          During the        Records review;   15%
                  reception and     clinical
                  classification    diagnosis using
                  process           DSM criteria

NORTH CAROLINA    No response       No response       No response

NORTH DAKOTA      At intake         DSM-IV            25%

OHIO              Within 24 hours   Independently     16%
                  of admission      licensed mental
                                    health
                                    professional
                                    evaluation

OKLAHOMA          At intake         Self-developed    Unknown
                                    mental health
                                    classification
                                    system

OREGON            At intake         DSM-IV;           23.6%
                                    personality
                                    aggression
                                    inventory; prior
                                    records review;
                                    clinical
                                    interview;
                                    collateral
                                    information

PENNSYLVANIA      At intake         DSM-IV plus some  17%
                                    Axis-2 diagnoses

RHODE ISLAND      At intake         Currently         15%
                                    diagnosed as
                                    suicidal,
                                    psychotic or
                                    depressed;
                                    under current
                                    treatment

SOUTH CAROLINA    At hospital       DSM-IV; prior     9.2%
                  admission         records review;
                                    clinical
                                    interviews;
                                    behavioral
                                    observation

SOUTH DAKOTA      At intake         Currently on      20%
                                    medication or
                                    has a past
                                    diagnosis;
                                    referral to
                                    psychiatrist
                                    if presenting
                                    mental health
                                    concerns

TENNESSEE         At intake         DSM-IV; prior     18%
                                    records review;
                                    self-report

TEXAS             Within three      Axis-1            11%, average
                  days of intake    diagnosis; prior
                                    history review

UTAH              At intake         Axis-1            10%
                                    diagnosis; prior
                                    records review;
                                    interview;
                                    psychological
                                    testing in
                                    some cases

VERMONT           No response       No response       No response

VIRGINIA          No response       No response       No response

WASHINGTON        At intake         DSM-IV            12%

WEST VIRGINIA     No response       No response       No response

WISCONSIN         At intake (5)     DSM-IV; prior     25%
                                    records review;
                                    clinical
                                    interview

WYOMING           No response       No response       No response

FEDERAL BUREAU    No response       No response       No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND      At intake by      Prior history     17.5%
                  a nurse; the      and records       average
                  following         review;
                  Monday by a       self-report;
                  psychiatrist      currently on
                                    medications

NOVA SCOTIA       At intake         Clinical          Unknown
                                    assessment by a
                                    psychiatrist
                                    and/or
                                    psychiatric
                                    nurse

ONTARIO           At intake         DSM-IV;           13%
                                    psychiatrist
                                    diagnosis

CORRECTIONAL      At intake         DSM-IV; prior     12%
SERVICE CANADA                      history review;
                                    currently on
                                    medication

                                       FISCAL OR CALENDAR YEAR 2003

                                     Percentage of
                     IS THERE A       Total Budget    Is Mental Health
                  WAITING LIST FOR    Allocated to    Care a Dedicated
SYSTEM               TREATMENT?      Mental Health       Line Item?

ALABAMA           No                $56 million       Yes
                                    (percentage
                                    unknown

ALASKA            No response       No response       No response

ARIZONA           No                Not budgeted      No

ARKANSAS          No                3%                Yes

CALIFORNIA        No                4.29%             No

COLORADO          No                0.92%             Yes

CONNECTICUT       No                12.5% (1)         No

DELAWARE          No                Unknown (2)       No

DISTRICT OF       No                20%, approx.      No
COLUMBIA

FLORIDA           No response       No response       No response

GEORGIA           No                2.6%              Yes

HAWAII            No                18.9%             No

IDAHO             No                Not budgeted      No
                                    as separate
                                    allocation

ILLINOIS          No response       No response       No response

INDIANA           No                Unknown           No

IOWA              No                Not budgeted      No
                                    as separate
                                    allocation

KANSAS            No                Unknown (3)       No

KENTUCKY          Yes               3.19%             Yes

LOUISIANA         No                1%                No

MAINE             No response       No response       No response

MARYLAND          Yes               Not budgeted      No
                                    as separate
                                    allocation

MASSACHUSETTS     No                2.8%              No

MICHIGAN          No                4.02%, not        Yes
                                    including
                                    psychologists
                                    and social
                                    workers

MINNESOTA         No                1.24%             No

MISSISSIPPI       No                Not budgeted      No
                                    as separate
                                    allocation

MISSOURI          No                Unknown (4)       No

MONTANA           No response       No response       No response

NEBRASKA          Yes               2%                Yes

NEVADA            No                Unknown           No

NEW HAMPSHIRE     Yes               5%                No

NEW JERSEY        No                Unknown           No

NEW MEXICO        No                1.39%             Yes

NEW YORK          Yes               0.9%              No

NORTH CAROLINA    No response       No response       No response

NORTH DAKOTA      Yes               14%               No

OHIO              No                4%                Yes

OKLAHOMA          Unknown           Unknown           No

OREGON            Yes               1.5%, excluding   Yes
                                    pharmacy

PENNSYLVANIA      No                Unknown           No

RHODE ISLAND      No                0.8%              No

SOUTH CAROLINA    No                2.7%              Yes

SOUTH DAKOTA      No                1.1%              No

TENNESSEE         No                2.5%, average     No

TEXAS             No                1.94%             Yes

UTAH              No                Not budgeted as   No
                                    separate item

VERMONT           No response       No response       No response

VIRGINIA          No response       No response       No response

WASHINGTON        No                Not budgeted as   No
                                    separate item

WEST VIRGINIA     No response       No response       No response

WISCONSIN         Yes               4%                No

WYOMING           No response       No response       No response

FEDERAL BUREAU    No response       No response       No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND      No                Not budgeted as   No
                                    separate item

NOVA SCOTIA       No                Not budgeted as   No
                                    separate item

ONTARIO           Yes               Unknown           No

CORRECTIONAL      No                2%                No
SERVICE CANADA

                     FISCAL OR CALENDAR YEAR 2003

                  Dollars Actually                     IF CONTRACTED
                  Spent on Mental                      SERVICES, THE
                    Health Care       Change From      RATE STRUCTURE
SYSTEM             (in millions)     Previous Year         IN USE

ALABAMA           $9.2              Increase          Capitated

ALASKA            No response       No response       No response

ARIZONA           $7.7              Increase          Hourly rate

ARKANSAS          $4                Increase          Unknown

CALIFORNIA        $224.4            Increase          Hourly rate
                                                      plus per bed

COLORADO          $4.9              Decrease

CONNECTICUT       Unknown           Increase          Capitated

DELAWARE          Unknown           Remained stable   Capitated

DISTRICT OF       $2.1              Remained stable   Per diem
COLUMBIA

FLORIDA           No response       No response       No response

GEORGIA           $25.5             Remained stable   Capitated

HAWAII            $2.5              Remained stable   Fee-for-service

IDAHO             Unknown           Increase          Capitated

ILLINOIS          No response       No response       No response

INDIANA           Unknown           Increase          Capitated

IOWA              $3.4              Increase          Hourly rate

KANSAS            $26 overall       Increase          Capitated

KENTUCKY          $10.3             Increase          Hourly rate

LOUISIANA         $4.2              Remained stable   Hourly rate

MAINE             No response       No response       No response

MARYLAND          Unknown           Unknown           Capitated

MASSACHUSETTS     $12.4             Remained stable   Capitated

MICHIGAN          $78.9, not        Decrease          Unknown
                  including
                  psychologists
                  and social
                  workers

MINNESOTA         $4.4              Increase          Unknown

MISSISSIPPI       Unknown           Unknown           N/A

MISSOURI          Unknown           Increase          Per diem

MONTANA           No response       No response       No response

NEBRASKA          $2.2, approx.     Remained stable   Hourly rate

NEVADA            Unknown           Remained stable   N/A

NEW HAMPSHIRE     $4                Remained stable   N/A

NEW JERSEY        Unknown           Increase          Capitated

NEW MEXICO        $2.9              Remained stable   N/A

NEW YORK          $16.4             Increase          N/A

NORTH CAROLINA    No response       No response       No response

NORTH DAKOTA      $3.5              Increase          Hourly rate

OHIO              $62               Decrease          Fee-for-service

OKLAHOMA          Unknown           Increase          Unknown

OREGON            $5.5              Remained stable   Hourly rate

PENNSYLVANIA      Unknown           Increase          Fee-for-service

RHODE ISLAND      $1.1              Increase          Hourly rate

SOUTH CAROLINA    $4.8              Remained stable   Unknown

SOUTH DAKOTA      $0.8 (thousand)   Increase          Hourly rate

TENNESSEE         $11.5             Remained stable   Capitated

TEXAS             $61.6             Decrease          Capitated

UTAH              Unknown           Remained stable   Hourly rate

VERMONT           No response       No response       No response

VIRGINIA          No response       No response       No response

WASHINGTON        $15.9             Increase          N/A

WEST VIRGINIA     No response       No response       No response

WISCONSIN         $42.4             Remained stable   N/A

WYOMING           No response       No response       No response

FEDERAL BUREAU    No response       No response       No response
OF PRISONS

CANADIAN SYSTEMS

NEWFOUNDLAND      Unknown           Unknown           Fee-for-service

NOVA SCOTIA       Unknown           Unknown           N/A

ONTARIO           Unknown           Unknown           Fee-for-service

CORRECTIONAL      $2.8 (Canadian)   Remained          Fee-for-service
SERVICE CANADA                      stable            and/or hourly
                                                      rate

(1) CONNECTICUT: Mental health costs are included in the reported
figure representing overall health care.

(2) DELAWARE: Health care contract is a fixed amount that includes
all medical services.

(3) KANSAS: An overall comprehensive health care contract includes
medical/dental and mental health services.

(4) MISSOURI: Medical and mental health care are part of a combined
services contract.

(5) WISCONSIN: Brief screening by a nurse at intake and a detailed
screening by a psychology staff member within three to four days.