Indonesia.

Capital: Jakarta 

Population: 238,452,952

Language: Bahasa Indonesia (primary); also Javanese, Dutch and English used widely among a total of 300+ languages and 300 dialects

Total area: 1,919, 440 square kilometres across 17,508 islands, 6,000 of which are inhabited 

Ethnic groups: Javanese (45%), Sundanese (14%), Madurese (7.5%), Coastal Malays (7.5%) largest ethnic groups; over 300 in all

Religion: Muslim (nearly 200 million or 88% of the population), Christian (8%), Hindu (2%), Buddhist (1%), and other (1%)

Currency: Rupiah (IDR or Rp)

Total tourist Arrivals (2003): 4,467,000

Total international tourism receipts (2003): $4,037 million

GDP: $758.8 billion

Inflation rate: 6.6%

Unemployment rate: 8.7%

Major airports: Medan, Batam, Pekanbaru, Padang, Jakarta, Bali, Manado, Ambon, Biak, Kupang, Balipapan, Pontianak, Surabaya (per Asia Travel)

Major ports and harbours: Medan, Batam, Jakarta, Riau, Bali, Semarang, Surabaya, Manado, Ambon (per Asia Travel)

Exchange rate: IDR 1 = $0.00010, C0.00007, JPY0.01111 as at 11 March, 2005

Summary

The world's largest archipelago has a wealth of attractions, but is becoming accustomed to facing major obstacles to the development of its tourism industry. The devastation wrought by the recent tsunami along the coast of Sumatra has brought further bad publicity, following a succession of negative factors, with economic difficulties and political instability deterring both potential tourists and investors, and Bali being subject to a direct terrorist attack in 2002. Banda Aceh, which bore the brunt of the tsunami, is not a major tourism destination, and whilst this may be a lucky escape for Indonesia's tourism industry, it is a severe blow to the area's search for funds towards recovery. Although some of its coastline is beautiful, Aceh is caught in a war between the Indonesian government and separatist rebels, and most governments advised against travelling there prior to the events of 26 December.

In Thailand, tourism offers a route to recovery, but Aceh cannot rely on this. There is a danger that negative publicity regarding the tsunami and civil war could impact upon the rest of what is in reality a destination of enormous range and geographical scope. Indonesia's territory and attractions are extensive, and it will be hoped that the 're-opening' of Bali will cause the national travel industry to progress.

Prior to the currency collapse in 1997, during the 1980s and 1990s, Indonesia's tourism industry grew apace, achieving double-digit arrivals growth, whilst attracting foreign investment and development funds. Since the peak of 1997, when Indonesia attracted almost 5.2 million arrivals, the incoming market has stagnated. The current difficulties that the country is experiencing follow a decline of 11% in arrivals to the country in 2003.

In March, Sumatra was hit by a further earthquake, which measured 8.7 on the Richter scale. This caused extensive damage to the island of Nias, a surfing resort popular with tourists. Furthermore, it brought increasing negative publicity for Indonesia amidst speculation that the geographical stress caused could produce a second deep sea earthquake and another tsunami.

Background

Indonesia derives its name from the Greek words indos for Indians and nesos meaning islands. The country is composed of 17,508 islands (of which approximately only 6,000 are inhabited), stretching for 5,150 kilometres between the Asian and Australasian mainland continents and separating the Pacific and Indian Oceans at the equator. The five main islands are Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya and Java, being home to almost 70% of the population. The island of Irian Jaya is shared with Papua New Guinea, and Kalimantan with Malaysia and Borneo.

Indonesia is the fourth most populated country in the world and it is divided into 30 separate provinces. Being an equatorial country, Indonesia has dry and rainy seasons and for most of the country the latter runs between October and April.

Today there is a wealth of people living in Indonesia, speaking almost 600 different languages, but the Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese are the dominant ethnic groups. Bahasa Indonesia is the accepted national language, whilst English is the most widely spoken foreign language in the tourist areas.

Being such an extensive and divided territory, Indonesia has an extremely rich and fragmented history. In the seventh century, much of the region was part of the Buddhist Kingdom of Sriwijaya, but by the 13th century, virtually the entire territory was ruled by the Hinduist Majaphit empire. Once these empires lost control, Indonesia was ripe for and vulnerable to the European powers from the 1500s onwards. First came the Portuguese in 1509, followed some 40 years later by the Dutch, who christened the region the East Indies and occupied it for some 350 years. In 1811, the region fell under British rule for a brief period, and then under the Japanese during World War II, before finally gaining independence in August 1945 (although this was not recognised by the Dutch for another four years).

After decades of divisive and damaging authoritarian rule, or 'Guided Democracy' as it was called, Indonesia progressed towards popularly elected government, following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998. However, the process has been far from simple, taking place amidst continued accusations of corruption and human rights violations.

The year 2004 saw the country's first direction elections, with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono winning a landslide victory. He has recently taken the unpopular step of raising fuel prices in a bid towards reviving the ailing economy, whilst there has also been some dissatisfaction with the level of the government's response to the crisis in Aceh. The area's oil and gas production will be unaffected, but this will not alleviate the poverty afflicting many, and since tourism is undeveloped here, it does not have the same potential for regeneration as it holds in Thailand.

In Aceh, the government has been facing an armed opposition from the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). The group has been fighting for Aceh's full independence for three decades, but the need for international aid to reach the region has helped bring the two parties back to the meetings table. There is also a strong separatist movement in Irian Jaya, whilst tensions between Muslims and Christians have spilled over into sporadic violence in the Maluku Islands.

In Bali, travel advisories and tour operator boycotts have only been lifted relatively recently after the bomb attack in 2002, but there are problems elsewhere. The US and Australian governments have advised travellers against visiting Jakarta, whilst Kalimantan and West Timor are deemed to be security risks. In August 2003, the US-managed Marriott Hotel in Jakarta suffered a terrorist bomb attack, which killed 13 people.

East Timor voted for independence in 1999, and eventually gained autonomy after fierce fighting and the intervention of a UN peacekeeping force. However, Indonesia is still in dispute over the boundary with East Timor, contesting the sovereignty of the island Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai.

Attractions

Bali is Indonesia's most popular, and most commercialised, destination, and whilst it is making a comeback itself, it will be expected to drive travel across the entire country. The island's highlights include the volcanic craters Gunung Batur in the north, the beaches of Leigan and Kuta (the target of 2002's attack) and Ubud, with its schools of art and monkey forest.

Java offers the most impressive architectural legacies of the Hindu and Buddhist empires, but there is also a growing Western influence. The island is home to the capital Jakarta, the cultural centre of Yogyakarta and the enormous Buddhist Borobudur Temple.

Lombok remains an area of political instability, but entices visitors with its coastal attractions, namely the Gili Islands, Kuta and Senggigi.

Sumatra is rich in nature and rainforest, but it was its northwestern province of Aceh that bore the brunt of the tsunami in late 2004. Even prior to the tsunami, rebel versus government violence had deterred many tourists from visiting the area. Outside of Aceh, attractions include the volcanoes of Gunung Sinabung and Gunung Sibayak, the Gunung Leuser National Park and the volcanic crater of Lake Toba.

Data Sources

Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) is the main provider of arrivals data for this report, supplemented by information from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the World Bank and the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) have also been sourced for economic data, whilst Garuda Indonesia, Sahid Hotels and the Hotel Santika Indonesia Group have provided information on the aviation and accommodation sectors respectively.

Tourism and the Economy

The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) reports that foreign exchange from tourism is second only to the lucrative gas and oil sector, whilst the WTTC states that the industry directly generates around 3.9% of total GDP. Indirectly, the WTTC believes that tourism's contribution to GDP rises to 10.3%. Similarly, the sector employs over 3.1 million people directly (3.2% of the total workforce), and 8.5 million indirectly (8.5% of the total).

Despite the difficulties faced by the tourism industry, and indeed the fall in foreign arrivals since 1997, the trade, restaurant and hotel sector has actually managed to raise its share of Indonesia' s gross domestic product (GDP), with an especially strong performance during the first three quarters of 2003. In a bid to reduce its independence on oil as its major export earner, the Indonesian government made foreign investment opportunities as appealing as possible, although what was an extremely liberal visa system has been tightened up somewhat in the past 12 months.

Foreign investment and infrastructure development

Indonesian law allows foreign direct investment (FDI), referred to as 'Penanaman Modal Asing' (PMA), to form companies with 100% foreign ownership, but it must sell a proportion of shares to Indonesian individuals or businesses within 15 years of commencing operations. As can be seen from the figures of the Investment Coordinating Board, actual and intended investments from abroad declined in both 2002 and 2003, despite strong totals in the transport and communications sector.

Foreign expenditure

Tourist expenditure has declined in tandem with arrivals in recent years. From a peak of US$5.7 billion in 2000, expenditure from foreign tourists fell consistently, and by almost 30%, in the subsequent three years. This was far more severe than the 11% fall in foreign arrivals during the same period, due to the fact that there were major losses from the high-spending long-haul markets like the UK, Germany and the US, as well as regional source markets such as Australia and Japan. During this three-year period, expenditure from the top market Singapore fell by 15.8%, Japan by 35.4% and Australia by 48.5%. Further afield, expenditure from the US declined by 31.9%, from the UK by 50.7% and from Germany by 32.1%.

In 2000, average spend per trip stood at $1,135, but by 2003 it had fallen to $903. Looking at the base year of 2000, average expenditure per trip was particularly high amongst the Western long-haul markets such as the UK ($1,130), the US ($1,085) and Germany ($1,122), but it was highest of all from Australia ($1,327).

Employment in the tourism industry

According to WTTC estimates, the number of tourism jobs grew in 2004 after a difficult start to the millennium. Tourism's share of employment has gained importance accordingly, but the WTTC's belief that the sector can account for almost one in ten jobs during the next decade will be strongly challenged by the difficulties facing the organised travel industry in the immediate aftermath of the tsunami and recent earthquake.

Arrivals

The spectacular increases in tourism arrivals in the first half of the 1990s were tempered during the final years of the decade. During the ten-year period from 1985 through 1994, Indonesia's annual tourism arrivals grew from 749,400 to 4,006,300 at an average annual growth rate of 19.3%. However, a combination of SARS, terrorism and shrinking long-haul markets have combined to cause stagnation and decline in recent years, and by the close of 2003, arrivals were down by more than 12% against 2001 's peak performance of 5.1 million arrivals.

As of February 2004, the government applied a new visa-on-arrival (VoA) system to citizens from 20 selected countries, requiring them to pay $30 tourist visas, replacing the previous system whereby 60day visas were granted to citizens from 49 different countries.

Source markets

Between 2000 and 2003, arrivals from Asean countries grew by 6.7%, whilst all other markets (with the exception of the Middle East) dwindled. By 2003, the Asean market generated 45.3% of total arrivals, compared with just over 37% three years earlier. This growth is almost exclusively down to the progression of Singapore as Indonesia's number one market source of visitors.

Between 2000 and 2003, arrivals from Singapore grew by an impressive 13.0% to exceed 1.4 million and account for a massive 31.7% of the total market. The next most important market, Japan (which held a 14% share in 2000) has had its own economic difficulties and declined by over 29% since and in 2003 generated only 11% of total arrivals. During the same three years, arrivals from Australia fell by 29% as a result of the bomb attack on so many of its people in Bali. Taiwan has proved more resilient, with its decline measured at 7.8%. Arrivals also declined from Western markets such as the USA (-32.8%), the UK (-37.2%) and Germany (-25.8%).

2004

According to the Indonesia Culture and Tourism Board, total arrivals grew by 27.7% to 1.36 million during the first four months of 2004. During the same period, foreign tourists passing through the 13 main gates of entry in April grew by 57.5% to 322,146, in spite of many embassies warning against people travelling to Indonesia during this particular month as it coincided with the parliamentary elections. This suggests that prior to the Boxing Day tsunami and recent earthquake, Indonesia was finally making a strong comeback. The question now is whether it can continue this process by diverting tourists to areas unaffected by disaster or conflict.

The Ministry of Tourism and Culture was able to report encouraging news from Australia earlier in 2004, with arrivals up 155% during the first four months of the year. Between January and May, Australian arrivals in Bali grew by 151% to exceed 94,000, despite a continuing government travel advisory against visiting the island. This offers encouragement for the prospects of those provinces unaffected by the tsunami, suggesting that popular concern has perhaps turned the corner, on a political level at least.

Market Characteristics

Profile and purpose

The high share of business travel (almost 42% in 2003) can be detected in the fact that over two thirds of international visitors that year were male. First time visitors and leisure visitors have both diminished since 2001, whilst business travel has performed more staunchly. The package market has borne the brunt of a 19% decline in holiday trips between 2001 and 2003. During this period the number of package tourists declined by 48% and their share of the market diminished to just 15.4%.

The accommodation sector is dominated by hotels, with little suggestion of VFR travel in evidence.

Visitor expenditure

Expenditure is highest amongst those people from regional markets with a lower than average duration of stay--Japan, Taiwan and the Republic of Korea--where the business component is also likely to be strong.

Seasonality

Indonesia's territory traverses three time zones, encompassing a staggering range of geographical and meteorological characteristics, and this largely puts paid to the notion of strong seasonality. Despite this, variation does exist, with December, July and August considered peak months. However, since the late 1990s, with the decline of the holiday market, the importance of December had already diminished, prior to the sharp decline in the final two months of 200, following the bomb attack in Bali.

Duration of stay

When comparing the length of stay for international visitors from Asia markets, Japanese visitors stay nearly twice as long, on average, than visitors from Singapore. This is due to Singapore's proximity to Indonesia in general, and the growth of resorts accessible by boat from Singapore's central business district. The strong business component also keeps average duration of stay down amongst the Asian markets, whilst amongst the more leisure-orientated longer-haul markets from Europe, it comfortably exceeds an average of two weeks.

Transport

Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Jakarta and Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali were traditionally the principal ports of arrival, although both have suffered in recent years, with Jakarta increasingly perceived in a negative light and Bali affected by 2002's bomb attacks, not long after Garuda Indonesia had opted to designate as their hub for international flights. Sekupang Batam has since emerged as the leader due to its proximity to the leading--and continually expanding--Singaporean market.

Garuda Indonesia

Indonesia's national carrier operates to 30 domestic and 24 international destinations. Its fleet consists of 60 aircraft (three B-747-400s, six A-330-300s, three DC-10-30s, 43 B-737s and five F-28s). During 2003, Garuda carried 7,229,072 passengers, of which 5,516,586 were domestic, and 1,712,486 were international passengers.

Codeshare alliances with Silk Air, China Airlines, Malaysian Airlines, Philippine Airlines, China Sothern and Qatar Airways help Garuda to serve the following international destinations:

Southeast Asia--Bangkok, Beijing, Hong Kong, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur, Seoul, Singapore, Shanghai, Guangzhou (Canton), Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka.

Southwest Pacific--Auckland, Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.

Middle East--Jeddah, Dhahran and Riyadh.

Europe--Amsterdam.

Accommodation

Indonesia's accommodation capacity, particularly in the hotels sector, is heavily concentrated across a few provinces--with Bali, Jakarta and West Java combined accounting for over half of the entire country' s bed capacity. Northern Sumatra has the next largest concentration of classified beds, but the entire island as a whole only accounts for 7.9% of total capacity, underlining the fact that Indonesia still has opportunities to promote destinations elsewhere in the short- to medium-term.

In the unclassified sector, Central and Eastern Java hold a stronger position and along with West Java, account for over 100,000 beds and over one third of the country's capacity. Sumatra, by contrast, only accounts for just over 7% of total bed capacity.

However, Sumatra only represents a small portion of Indonesia's capacity. Its northern province has consistently been the country's fifth or sixth most popular destination over the past five years. In 2003, guests in Jakarta fell by over 13% and in Bali by over 15%, but the latter still attracted almost 35% of guestnights. The up-and-coming destination is Riau, which has continued to buck the trend of decline to claim second position with over one fifth of the hotel guests market.

Occupancy

Hotel accommodation has been consistently under-occupied in the new millennium, with properties more than half empty, on average. Kalimantan Timur posted the best performance during 2004, but even this was a meagre 55.9%, down against the previous year. Against a general picture of decline, the growth that has occurred has been in the Java and Sulawesi provinces.

Domestic hotel groups

Sahid Hotels is one of Indonesia's major hotel groups, with 20 properties amounting to a capacity of 4,512 rooms across the country. The other big player is the Hotel Santika Indonesia Group, which has 11 hotels and 1,333 rooms. Santika is currently planning expansion into Lombok, Medan, Anyer, Solo and Malang. The group's current properties are as follows:

* Hotel Santika Beach Bali

* Hotel Santika Bandung

* Hotel Santika Cirebon

* Hotel Santika Jakarta

* Hotel Santika Jogja

* Hotel SantikaManado

* Hotel Graha Santika Semarang

* Hotel Santika Semarang

* Hotel Santika Surabaya

* Santika Villas Bali

* Santika Pontianak

* Santika Malang.

Organisation of Tourism

National tourism plan

The Indonesian government now fully realises the value of tourism to the economy and in February 2005 an unprecedented cabinet-level meeting was chaired by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Bali. This brought together cabinet members and representatives from the Intelligence Bureau, the police, cultural envoys and tourism associations in a bid to form a framework for the development of the country as a cultural and tourism destination.

The meeting generated seven points of recommendation:

* a positive thinking campaign

* promoting national identity through colossal world-class movie productions

* marketing Indonesia as an international movie/film-making location

* establishing a National Cultural Development Centre

* achieving the targeted number of tourist visits

* intensifying domestic tourism

* revitalisation of tourism industries outside Java and Bali regions.

In a bid to emphasise Indonesia's cultural value, the National Museum and National Gallery Revitalization opened in October 2004. This had been held up by financial shortcomings, but it is now hoped that it will generate international interest.

Within these zones, tourism development will occur through the establishment of Tourism Development Corporations (TDCs).

New Market Potential

Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced their plan to reduce promotional activities targeted for the US and Europe, and focus upon the Asian markets. Recently, attention has switched towards the Russian market, with the Minister for Culture and Tourism, I Gede Ardika, along with industry and media representatives, visiting the annual Otdykh-Leisure exhibition in Moscow in September 2004. According to Indonesia Culture and Tourism, this trip alone succeeded in generating business agreements for 3,500 to 4,000 passengers to visit Indonesia between December and January 2005.

'The Most Varied Destination Anywhere'

The Tourism Ministry's marketing drive in 2004 was launched under this banner, and it may prove useful as the authorities seek to remind potential visitors that there is more to Indonesia than Northwest Sumatra. Whilst emphasising the cultural and geographical diversity inherent in a land of over 17,000 islands and some 300 ethnic groups, special emphasis has been placed upon Indonesia's stature as a diving, spa and mountain tourism destination. Jakarta is being sold for its ancient and colonial past, its culinary and shopping opportunities and its spa and golf facilities. Sumatra, meanwhile, is still being celebrated for its natural mountain and rainforest attractions away from Aceh and Nias Island. Java is billed as 'spiritual and magical' and promoted through its religious landmarks, beaches and mountain scenery, offering plenty of adventure tourism opportunities. Bali is promoted through its surfing beaches, its 'skyline of temples', river rafting, diving and growing golfing scene. Kalimantan is celebrated as the 'land of the Dayak people' and Sulawesi as the country's top diving destination.

FIGURE 1: INDONESIAN NATIONAL PARKS, 2005

Sumatra

Leuseur
Siberut
Kerinci Seblat
Bukit Tiga Puluh
Berbak
Bukit Barisan
Selatan
Way Kambas

Kalimantan

Bukit Baka Bukit
Raya
Gunung Palung
Bentuang
Karimun
Tanjung Puting
Kutai

Java

Ujung Kulon
Gunung Gede
Pangrango
Gunung
Halimun
Kepulauan
Seribu
Karimun Java
Meru Betiri
Alas Purwo
Baluran
Bromo Tengger

Bali & Nusa
Tenggara
Bali Barat
Gunung Rinjani
Kelimutu
Komodo

Sulawesi

Bunaken
Dumoga Bone
Taka Bone Rate
Rawa Aopa
Watumohai
Lore Lindu

Maluku & Irian
Jaya
Manusela
Teluk Cendrawasih
Wasur

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 2: HOSPITALITY SECTOR'S SHARE OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT,
1997-2003

Sector            1997     1998     1999     2000     2001     2002

Trade, hotel &     15.9     15.4     16.0     15.7     16.2     16.1
restaurant
--Wholesale &      12.4     12.2     12.8     12.6     13.0     12.8
retail trade
--Hotel             0.6      0.6      0.5      0.5      0.5      0.5
--Restaurant        2.9      2.6      2.7      2.6      2.7      2.8
GDP non-oil        92.1     88.7     90.2     85.5     87.0     88.3
GDP               100.0    100.0    100.0    100.0    100.0    100.0

Sector                      2003

                   Q1       Q2       Q3

Trade, hotel &     16.3     16.8     17.1
restaurant
--Wholesale &      12.9     13.3     13.8
retail trade
--Hotel             0.5      0.5      0.5
--Restaurant        2.8      2.9      2.8
GDP non-oil        90.4     91.7     91.6
GDP               100.0    100.0    100.0

SOURCE: CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

FIGURE 3: FOREIGN INVESTMENT, 1996-2003 *

(US$ M)

Sector             1996      1997      1998      1999      2000

Hotels and         1,716       463       451       229       257
Restaurant
Transport &          695     5,900        79       103     1,217
communications

Total             29,776    33,127    13,557    10,892    15,284

Sector             2001      2002    2003 **

Hotels and         6,892      878       405
Restaurant
Transport &          374    3,713     3,714
communications

Total             15,043    9,744     9,308

Note: * figures refer to intended capital investments and represents
original approvals plus approved expansions minus cancellations; ** for
the period of January-October 2003

SOURCE: INVESTMENT COORDINATING BOARD

FIGURE 4: REVENUE FROM INTERNATIONAL TOURISM BY COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE,
1999-2003

(US$ M)

                  1999         2000         2001         2002

Brunei
Darussalam           8.70        13.13        11.56         9.81
Malaysia           195.78       293.13       233.92       279.90
Philippines         32.08        46.66        50.31        53.48
Singapore          771.39       940.48       569.04       762.35
Thailand            26.47        34.71        43.82        46.54
Hong Kong           77.60        59.57        82.18        71.34
India               22.22        38.73        31.96        36.70
Japan              638.61       693.59       695.38       594.37
Korea Rep          226.91       246.94       225.04       136.73
Taiwan             300.31       249.99       257.04       460.96
France             113.02       123.22       161.60        96.39
Germany            227.64       198.46       191.11       145.12
Italy              109.91        94.98       100.17        54.86
Netherlands        119.54       149.27       165.86       119.01
Switzerland         33.03        48.57        52.21        23.27
UK                 200.88       218.26       284.44       170.81
Other Europe        14.72       252.56        43.99       277.76
USA                176.66       228.95       283.83       227.55
Canada              34.62        41.22        59.80        46.66
Australia          688.09       581.57       661.27       327.85
New Zealand         62.03        41.39        51.94        20.93
Other              327.13     1,153.53     1,139.80       343.17

Total           4,710,220    5,748,800    5,396,260    4,305,560

                  2003

Brunei
Darussalam          12.36
Malaysia           325.89
Philippines         64.05
Singapore          791.72
Thailand            31.89
Hong Kong           67.43
India               22.94
Japan              447.66
Korea Rep          223.39
Taiwan             411.41
France              84.42
Germany            134.70
Italy               33.97
Netherlands        107.13
Switzerland         16.45
UK                 107.54
Other Europe       194.30
USA                155.71
Canada              27.67
Australia          299.19
New Zealand         17.90
Other              459.30

Total           4,037,020

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 5: EMPLOYMENT IN THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY,
1997-2012

           Employment
            Travel &
            tourism
            industry
           Employment    % of total    Real growth
Year          000        Employment         %

1997        2,277.08        2.67         (0.99)
1998        2,199.04        2.51         (3.43)
1999        2,183.02        2.45         (0.73)
2000        2,185.54        2.44          0.12
2001        2,162.97        2.36         (1.03)
2002        1,979.91        2.09         (8.46)
2004 *      3,176.70        3.2            8.6
2014 **     4,618.40        3.3            4.0

            Travel &
            tourism
            economy
           Employment    % of total    Real growth
Year          000        Employment         %

1997        6,867.10        8.04          1.64
1998        6,800.60        7.76         (0.97)
1999        5,874.70        6.58         (13.62)
2000        6,094.37        6.81          3.74
2001        6,098.41        6.65          0.07
2002        5,750.80        6.07         (5.70)
2004 *      8,519.90        8.5            7.7
2014 **    12,818.50        9.1            4.2

Note: * estimated; ** projected

SOURCE: THE WORLD TRAVEL AND TOURISM COUNCIL

FIGURE 6: TOTAL TOURIST ARRIVALS, 1985-2001

Year    000s

1985      749
1994    4,006
1995    4,324
1996    5,035
1997    5,185
1998    4,606
1999    4,727
2000    5,064
2001    5,100
2002    5,033
2003    4,467

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF TOURISM, ARTS AND CULTURE; AND CENTRAL BUREAU OF
STATISTICS (BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK), REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

FIGURE 7: ARRIVALS BY NATIONALITY, 1999-2003

                         1999        2000        2001        2002

USA                      169,627     211,033     196,625     175,474
Canada                    29,408      44,324      45,522      45,350
Other America             13,438      20,227      20,516      23,309
Americas                 212,473     275,584     262,663     244,133
Austria                   13,946      21,403      17,911      18,597
Belgium                   16,796      22,268      24,324      26,874
Denmark                   12,944      19,864      19,774      25,190
France                    88,219     106,166     107,714     113,434
Germany                  181,777     176,771     184,334     166,501
Italy                     70,289      72,038      67,329      70,608
Netherlands               94,990     120,326     131,124     125,855
Spain & Portugal          28,586      28,853      37,212      48,317
Sweden, Norway &
Finland                   44,138      59,029      53,305      61,705
Switzerland               34,960      39,429      36,999      38,705
United Kingdom           152,981     193,303     205,916     173,132
CIS/USSR                    5475      12,027      13,233      12,643
Other Europe              16,475      48,907      55,036      52,579
Total Europe             761,576     920,384     954,211     934,140
Africa                    22,179      23,314      22,961      25,410
Middle East               32,957      41,397      39,350      40,676
Brunei Darussalam         10,713      13,163      13,828      14,957
Malaysia                 443,536     408,562     409,231     397,983
Philippines               40,997      48,784      52,487      61,711
Singapore              1,252,479   1,301,570   1,322,703   1,288,496
Thailand                  32,045      36,914      41,364      43,486
Other Asean               55,079      89,993     149,431     147,580
Total Asean            1,834,849   1,898,986   1,989,044   1,954,213
Australia                519,724     438,473     452,144     384,667
Hong Kong                 23,517       9,620      10,753      11,518
India                     26,489      80,525      37,426      39,314
Japan                    611,411     710,769     690,652     679,607
Korea Republic           229,358     181,032     211,220     218,155
New Zealand               46,646      45,908      46,292      47,647
Pakistan, Bangladesh
& Sri Lanka               12,622      16,975      16,995      18,984
Taiwan                   340,204     374,679     370,851     384,062
Other Asia-Pacific        53,517      46,571      49,058      50,874
Total Asia-Pacific     1,863,488   1,904,552   1,885,391   1,834,828

Total                  4,727,520   5,064,217   5,153,620   5,033,400

                         2003

USA                      141,635
Canada                    34,405
Other America             15,231
Americas                 191,271
Austria                   14,643
Belgium                   23,975
Denmark                   18,897
France                    81,314
Germany                  131,012
Italy                     39,750
Netherlands              103,866
Spain & Portugal          30,579
Sweden, Norway &
Finland                   44,094
Switzerland               26,139
United Kingdom           121,361
CIS/USSR                  13,930
Other Europe              31,845
Total Europe             681,406
Africa                    19,965
Middle East               34,189
Brunei Darussalam         10,680
Malaysia                 407,958
Philippines               54,549
Singapore              1,415,563
Thailand                  33,762
Other Asean              103,679
Total Asean            2,026,191
Australia                310,742
Hong Kong                 13,278
India                     32,280
Japan                    502,997
Korea Republic           190,630
New Zealand               32,775
Pakistan, Bangladesh
& Sri Lanka               20,147
Taiwan                   345,398
Other Asia-Pacific        65,211
Total Asia-Pacific     1,513,998

Total                  4,467,021

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF TOURISM, ARTS AND CULTURE; AND CENTRAL BUREAU OF
STATISTICS (BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK), REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

FIGURE 8: PROFILE OF VISITORS, 2001-03

                         2001                  2002
                       Visitors       %      Visitors       %
                                    share                 share

Sex
--Male                 3,355,950    65.12    3,280,617    65.18
--Female               1,797,670    34.88    1,752,783    34.82
Frequency of visit
-First Timer           1,959,382    38.02    1,939,926    38.54
--Repeater             3,141,709    60.96    3,093,474    61.46
--Not stated              52,529     1.02       --         --
Travel
arrangement
--Package tour         1,323,879    25.69    1,227,756    24.39
--Independent tour     3,694,473    71.69    3,805,644    75.61
--Not stated             135,268     2.62       --         --
Accommodation
--Hotel                4,050,129    78.59    3,947,445    78.43
--Residence of           115,729     2.25      117,622     2.34
friends
--Other                  987,619    19.16      968,333    19.24
Accommodations
--Not stated                 143     --         --         --
Age group
--Under 15               275,371     5.34      266,089     5.29
-15-24                   418,597     8.12      374,905     7.45
-25-34                 1,450,057    28.14    1,394,378    27.70
-35-44                 1,364,099    26.47    1,354,217    26.90
-45-54                   948,252    18.40      930,360    18.48
-55-64                   459,150     8.91      461,721     9.17
--Over 64                238,094     4.62      251,730     5.00
Purpose of visit
--Business             2,148,378    41.69    2,003,940    39.81
--Official Mission        16,951     0.3        20,652     0.41
--Convention              19,721     0.38       21,346     0.42
--Holiday              2,873,065    55.75    2,903,462    57.68
--Education               10,550     0.20       10,451     0.21
--Others                  73,059     1.42       73,549     1.46
--Not stated              11,896     0.23       --         --
Occupation
--Professional         1,864,357    36.18    1,830,030    36.36
--Business               428,257     8.31      495,937     9.85
Manager
--Government              89,493     1.74      131,400     2.61
Official
--Military service        24,672     0.48       16,737     0.33
--International            6,184     0.12       12,237     0.24
Organisation
--Employee             2,075,419    40.27    1,935,480    38.45
--Housewife              160,565     3.12      153,753     3.05
--Student                278,379     5.40      245,508     4.88
--Retired                 72,380     1.40       66,952     1.33
--Others                 153,914     2.99      145,366     2.89

                         2003
                       Visitors       %
                                    share

Sex
--Male                 3,025,749    67.4
--Female               1,441,272    32.26
Frequency of visit
-First Timer             966,025    2,163
--Repeater             3,500,996    78.37
--Not stated              --         --
Travel
arrangement
--Package tour           688,902    15.42
--Independent tour     3,778,119    84.58
--Not stated              --         --
Accommodation
--Hotel                3,379,748    75.66
--Residence of           121,889     2.73
friends
--Other                  965,384    21.61
Accommodations
--Not stated              --         --
Age group
--Under 15               222,355     4.98
-15-24                   323,687     7.25
-25-34                 1,236,285    27.68
-35-44                 1,240,601    27.77
-45-54                   844,603    18.91
-55-64                   407,287     9.12
--Over 64                192,203     4.30
Purpose of visit
--Business             1,862,554    41.70
--Official Mission        25,308     0.57
--Convention              17,863     0.40
--Holiday              2,315,715    51.84
--Education                8,643     0.19
--Others                 236,938     5.30
--Not stated              --         --
Occupation
--Professional         1,269,135    28.41
--Business               411,097     9.20
Manager
--Government              54,630     1.22
Official
--Military service         8,740     0.20
--International           --         0.00
Organisation
--Employee                --         0.00
--Housewife              159,884     3.58
--Student                210,001     4.70
--Retired                 --         0.00
--Others                 494,656    11.07

SOURCE: MINISTRY OF TOURISM, ARTS AND CULTURE; AND CENTRAL BUREAU OF
STATISTICS (BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK), REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

FIGURE 9: NUMBER OF VISITOR ARRIVALS AND REVENUE, 1969-2003
(US$ M)

Year    Arrivals     Revenue        Annual %
                     (US$ M)         change
                                 Visitor arrival    Revenue

1969       86,100       10.8           0.00            0.00
1970      123,319       16.2          43.23           50.00
1971      178,781       22.6          44.97           39.51
1972      221,178       27.6          23.71           22.12
1973      270,303       40.9          22.21           48.19
1974      313,452       54.4          15.96           33.01
1975      366,293       62.3          16.86           14.52
1976      401,237       70.6           9.54           13.32
1977      433,393       81.3           8.01           15.16
1978      468,614       94.3           8.13           15.99
1979      501,430      250.7           7.00          165.85
1980      561,178      289.0          11.92           15.28
1981      600,151      309.1           6.94            6.69
1982      592,046      358.8          -1.35           16.08
1983      638,855      439.5           7.91           22.49
1984      700,910      519.7           9.71           18.25
1985      749,351      525.3           6.91            1.08
1986      825,035      590.5          10.10           12.41
1987    1,060,347      837.7          28.52           41.86
1988    1,301,049    1,027.8          22.70           22.69
1989    1,625,965    1,284.50         25,00           25.00
1990    2,177,566    2,105.29         33,92           63.90
1991    2,569,870    2,522.01         18,02           19.79
1992    3,064,161    3,278.19         19,23           29.98
1993    3,403,138    3,986.58         11,06           21.61
1994    4,006,312    4,785.26         17,72           20.03
1995    4,324,229    5,228.34          7,94            9.26
1996    5,034,472    6,307.69         16,42           20.64
1997    5,185,243    5,321.46          2,99          -15.64
1998    4,606,416    4,331.09        -11,16          -18.61
1999    4,727,520    4,710.22          2,63            8.75
2000    5,064,217    5,748.80          7,12           22.05
2001    5,153,620    5,428.62          1.77           -5.57
2002    5,033.400    4,305.56         -2.33          -20.69
2003    4,467,021    4,037.03        -11.25           -6.24

SOURCE: INDONESIA CULTURE AND TOURISM BOARD

FIGURE 10: AVERAGE EXPENDITURE PER VISITOR PER DAY BY COUNTRY OF
RESIDENCE, 1999-2003

(US$)

                      1999      2000      2001      2002      2003

Brunei Darussalam    166,81    169,76     98,66     98,29     94,09
Malaysia              80,86     94,19     63,42     93,22    120,65
Philippines           88,04    105,50    122,21     79,67     77,30
Singapore            101,00    121,08     77,20    104,57     92,65
Thailand              91,32    103,48    127,81    121,36     86,43
Hong Kong            109,61    120,90    172,13    113,29     97,41
India                 88,70     70,03    109,08     91,01     61,52
Japan                108,18    106,77    150,86    121,16    114,89
Korea Republic       106,67     95,71    159,93     96,56    147,24
Taiwan               107,22     94,27     84,33    143,58    124,75
France                75,27     71,14    109,62     55,94     71,42
Germany               81,79     81,51     75,66     70,12     79,06
Italy                117,47    105,01    131,48     76,47     79,18
Netherlands           66,88     66,45     92,79     55,79     65,29
Switzerland           67,67     97,13    115,50     52,67     43,74
United Kingdom       100,04     92,47    111,80     85,03     76,19
Other Europe          90,09     90,10    104,83     71,65     80,42
USA                   86,35     88,06    130,80    112,76     90,37
Canada                63,42     77,45    117,63    103,68     74,44
Australia             95,03    106,87    150,37     91,14     98,84
New Zealand          127,07    102,36    122,02     59,95     81,20
Other Country        103,76     89,95    116,39    101,31    100,06
Average               93,62     92,59    100,42     91,29     93,27

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, BPSDT

FIGURE 11: ARRIVALS BY MONTH, 1990-2002

Month      1990         1995         1996         1997         1998

Jan        161.304      350.665      353.867      376.848      387.305
Feb        151.674      338.872      379.352      398.432      348.520
Mar        167.361      323.985      420.705      460.514      364.912
Apr        163.628      332.870      410.724      400.351      380.825
May        171.092      315.727      400.330      413.533      312.397
Jun        188.297      347.251      432.835      461.250      320.716
Jul        202.430      374.127      447.361      482.525      394.754
Aug        198.553      403.347      460.569      486.334      451.480
Sep        185.285      364.827      401.483      455.932      411.236
Oct        178.919      370.217      405.940      398.731      430.988
Nov        186.402      372.023      432.214      399.054      387.109
Dec        222.621      430.318      489.092      451.739      416.174

Total
year     2,177.566    4,324.229    5,034.472    5,185.243    4,606.416

Month      1999         2000         2001         2002

Jan        360.051      356.090      395.511      377.363
Feb        358.857      397.548      372.743      391.731
Mar        413.740      413.502      427.878      451.103
Apr        369.520      408.239      423.268      403.483
May        361.200      370.474      454.259      445.608
Jun        372.293      424.277      474.527      463.073
Jul        463.168      464.278      478.515      499.312
Aug        433.760      455.967      487.169      518.299
Sep        416.529      457.683      470.667      465.749
Oct        388.256      448.696      391.119      374.916
Nov        400.483      439.905      388.739      294.925
Dec        389.663      427.558      389.225      347.838

Total
year     4,727.520    5,064.217    5,153.620    5,033.400

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 12: AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY BY COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE, 1999-2003
(DAYS)

                   1999     2000     2001     2002     2003

Brunei             7.07     6.05     8.07     6.52    11.51
Malaysia           5.50     6.54     7.61     6.32     5.79
Philippines        7.89     5.55     4.97     7.98    10.81
Singapore          5.73     5.44     4.99     5.04     5.82
Thailand           8.30     6.92     6.79     7.58     8.66
Hong Kong          9.73     6.80     6.81     8.07     9.60
India             10.41    16.16     8.38    11.50    12.47
Japan              9.74    10.09     7.54     7.90     8.41
Korea Rep          9.65    12.07     6.63     6.72     7.52
Taiwan             8.02     7.44     7.80     8.02     8.64
France            19.10    18.53    14.92    17.79    15.56
Germany           16.46    16.03    15.80    14.51    14.96
Italy             13.90    14.31    12.80    12.62    12.82
Netherlands       20.78    21.37    15.59    19.28    17.94
Switzerland       10.26    14.82    13.76    15.31    17.96
United Kingdom    14.52    14.60    13.46    12.55    14.27
Other Europe      13.28    13.59    12.67    12.48    14.10
USA               13.48    14.74    12.20    12.54    13.23
Canada            23.14    17.77    14.55    13.77    14.81
Australia         13.30    11.83    11.05    10.39    11.27
New Zealand       10.76    12.38    12.94    11.77    10.46
Other Country     11.92    11.95     9.63    10.84    11.17

Average           10.51    12.26    10.49     9.79     9.69

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 13: NUMBER OF FOREIGN VISITOR ARRIVALS TO INDONESIA BY PORT OF
ENTRY, 1994-2003

        Soekarno     Ngurah Rai    Polonia    Sekupang       Other
          Hatta                                 Batam

1994    1,181,541     1,048,901    188,562      900,466      686,842
1995    1,259,264     1,065,313    217,647      941,415      840,590
1996    1,565,706     1,194,793    225,368    1,048,119    1,000,486
1997    1,457,340     1,293,657    174,724    1,119,238    1,140,284
1998      883,016     1,246,289     70,441    1,173,392    1,233,278
1999      819,318     1,399,571     76,097    1,248,791    1,183,743
2000    1,029,888     1,468,207     84,301    1,134,051    1,347,770
2001    1,049,471     1,422,714     94,211    1,145,578    1,441,646
2002    1,095,507     1,351,176     97,870    1,101,048    1,387,799
2003      921,737     1,054,143     74,776    1,285,394    1,130,971

          Total

1994    4,006,312
1995    4,324,229
1996    5,034,472
1997    5,185,243
1998    4,606,416
1999    4,727,520
2000    5,064,217
2001    5,153,620
2002    5,033,400
2003    4,467,021

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 14: GARUDA INDONESIA PERFORMANCE, 1999-2003

Year    Passengers        Average
                      load factor (%)

1999     5,213,085         67.0
2000     5,975,239         73.7
2001     6,611,629         65.2
2002     6,887,536         66.8
2003     7,229,072         69.5

SOURCE: GARUDA INDONESIA

FIGURE 15: CLASSIFIED ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY, EMPLOYEES AND VISITORS
PER DAY BY PROVINCE, 2004

Province               Establishments     Rooms      Beds

Nanggroe Aceh                 15             605      1,097
Darussalam
North Sumatra                 66           5,599      9,839
West Sumatra                  24           1,439      2,344
Riau                          70           7,072     10,352
Jambi                          9             501        739
South Sumatra                 20           1,021      1,552
Bengkulu                       1              18         31
Lampung                        7             504        888
Kep Bangka Belitung           12             414        698
DKI Jakarta                  123          24,426     34,137
West Java                    128          10,370     17,687
Central Java                  93           5,552     10,409
DI Yogyakarta                 37           3,489      5,868
East Java                     68           7,426     11,880
Banten                        29           3,316      4,775
Bali                         142          19,522     30,592
West Nusa Tenggara            32           1,861      2,923
East Nusa Tenggara             5             199        342
West Kalimantan                7             715      1,166
Central Kalimantan             3             106        134
South Kalimantan              10             559        872
East Kalimantan               20           1,826      2,755
North Sulawesi                14           1,502      2,268
Central Sulawesi               3             104        193
South Sulawesi                46           2,648      4,150
South East Sulawesi            1              32         50
Gorontalo                    --            --         --
Maluku                        10             490        781
Maluku Utara                   2              73        105
Papua                         17           1,001      1,622
Indonesia                  1,014         102,390    160,249

                       Average workers            Guests
                             per                  per day
Province               Establishments     Room    Foreign

Nanggroe Aceh                42.5          1.1         2
Darussalam
North Sumatra               104.0          1.2       416
West Sumatra                 61.9          1.0        56
Riau                        124.9          1.2     1,936
Jambi                        68.3          1.2        18
South Sumatra                61.5          1.2        12
Bengkulu                     25.0          1.4        --
Lampung                     106.1          1.5        11
Kep Bangka Belitung          45.3          1.3         1
DKI Jakarta                 249.3          1.3     3,366
West Java                   103.6          1.3       510
Central Java                 67.6          1.1       159
DI Yogyakarta               105.8          1.1       212
East Java                   141.1          1.3       540
Banten                      119.1          1.0       260
Bali                        206,6          1.5     6,340
West Nusa Tenggara           79.7          1.4       338
East Nusa Tenggara           55.6          1.4         4
West Kalimantan             125.0          1.2        48
Central Kalimantan           27.7          0.8         1
South Kalimantan             88.1          1.6         9
East Kalimantan             156.9          1.7        95
North Sulawesi              119.1          1.1        38
Central Sulawesi             38.3          1.1         1
South Sulawesi               69.4          1.2       135
South East Sulawesi          43.0          1.3      --
Gorontalo                    --            --       --
Maluku                       32.9          0.7        18
Maluku Utara                  9.5          0.3      --
Papua                        68.4          1.2        22
Indonesia                   129.9          1.3    14,548

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 16: NON-CLASSIFIED ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY, EMPLOYEES AND
VISITORS PER DAY BY PROVINCE, 2004

Province               Establishments     Rooms      Beds

Nanggroe Aceh                108           1,916      3,874
Darussalam
North Sumatra                585          10,115     15,331
West Sumatra                 188           2,760      5,443
Riau                         370           9,448     13,442
Jambi                        118           2,173      3,455
South Sumatra                193           3,174      6,257
Bengkulu                      36             598      1,034
Lampung                      137           2,678      5,021
Kep Bangka Belitung           45             625        973
DKI Jakarta                  187           7,775     11,888
West Java                  1,062          22,689     39,279
Central Java                 953          16,587     27,554
DI Yogyakarta              1,027          10,674     16,712
East Java                  1,105          20,057     33,624
Banten                        95           2,057      3,520
Bali                       1,323          19,682     30,840
West Nusa Tenggara           287           3,409      6,157
East Nusa Tenggara           215           3,037      6,063
West Kalimantan              168           3,937      6,784
Central Kalimantan           213           3,832      5,995
South Kalimantan             152           2,949      4,840
East Kalimantan              289           5,741      8,585
North Sulawesi                69           1,209      1,739
Central Sulawesi             170           2,139      3,898
South Sulawesi               368           5,610      9,894
South East Sulawesi          144           1,485      2,720
Gorontalo                     39             494        906
Maluku                        75             892      1,404
Maluku Utara                  38             438        620
Papua                         88           1,829      2,931
Indonesia                  9,847         170,549    280,783

                       Average workers           Guests
                             per                 per day
Province               Establishments    Room    Foreign

Nanggroe Aceh                4.9         0.3          4
Darussalam
North Sumatra                5.8         0.3         65
West Sumatra                 5.7         0.4         29
Riau                        11.5         0.5        644
Jambi                        6.1         0.3          2
South Sumatra                9.1         0.5          2
Bengkulu                     5.1         0.3        --
Lampung                      8.6         0.4          3
Kep Bangka Belitung         10.5         0.8        --
DKI Jakarta                 32.5         0.8        108
West Java                   12.6         0.6        111
Central Java                 7.6         0.4         40
DI Yogyakarta                4.1         0.4         50
East Java                    9.8         0.5         56
Banten                      10.2         0.5          1
Bali                        11.3         0.8      1,278
West Nusa Tenggara           6.1         0.5        186
East Nusa Tenggara           6.1         0.4         38
West Kalimantan              8.5         0.4         30
Central Kalimantan           5.0         0.3          2
South Kalimantan             6.9         0.4          2
East Kalimantan              9.3         0.5         22
North Sulawesi               8.7         0.5          8
Central Sulawesi             5.9         0.5          8
South Sulawesi               7.5         0.5         15
South East Sulawesi          5.2         0.5          1
Gorontalo                    5.2         0.4          1
Maluku                       4.9         0.4          1
Maluku Utara                 6.0         0.5          2
Papua                       11.2         0.5          7
Indonesia                    8.9         0.5      2,713

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 17: NUMBER OF FOREIGN GUESTS IN CLASSIFIED HOTEL BY PROVINCE,
1999-2003

(000s)

Province               1999      2000      2001      2002      2003

Nanggroe Aceh             3.7       1.1       1.3       1.7       0.5
Darussalam
North Sumatra            83.5      94.8     103.3     107.0      84.9
West Sumatra             14.5      19.7      18.6      13.3      10.8
Riau                    629.7     569.0     595.1     627.0     637.2
Jambi                     6.5       2.9       1.3       1.6       2.2
South Sumatra             6.3       6.1       4.6       3.6       7.7
Bengkulu                  0.5       0.5       0.4       0.3       0.1
Lampung                   5.6       4.4       8.1       4.8       3.3
Kep Bangka Belitung     --        --        --          0.3       0.2
DKI Jakarta             781.4     591.7     653.5     722.3     625.8
West Java               624.6     154.4     162.7      92.9      81.0
Central Java            133.4      43.8      42.9      51.4      42.1
DI Yogyakarta            82.7      82.7      77.3      91.5      61.9
East Java               199.4     126.1     125.4     132.6     135.1
Banten                  --        --        --        165.4     120.8
Bali                  1,380.8   1,489.0   1,406.7   1,218.1   1,033.8
West Nusa Tenggara       88.1      51.1      63.3      57.0      29.3
East Nusa Tenggara        3.1       2.7       1.9       1.9       1.5
West Kalimantan          15.4      14.0       9.7       8.9       6.9
Central Kalimantan        0.2       0.2       0.2       0.5       0.2
South Kalimantan          6.1      13.0       7.6       4.4       4.4
East Kalimantan          27.5      26.4      24.3      22.8      26.8
North Sulawesi            4.3      13.0      11.7      11.2       8.9
Central Sulawesi          0.9       0.7       0.7       0.4       0.4
South Sulawesi           32.5      30.3      28.5      23.1      20.8
South East Sulawesi       0.2       0.6       0.5       0.4       0.1
Gorontalo               --        --        --        --        --
Maluku                    1.2       1.3       1.6       1.2       0.8
Maluku Utara            --        --        --          0.0     --
Papua                    18.6      13.8      14.8      11.9       8.0
Indonesia             4,150.7   3,353.1   3,366.0   3,377.5   2,955.5

SOURCE: PASSENGER EXIT SURVEY, STATE MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM

FIGURE 18: HOTEL ROOM OCCUPANCY RATES BY PROVINCE, 2001-04

No     Province                    2001    2002    2003    2004

 1.    Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam    39,3    54,4    48,1    48,7
 2.    Sumatra Utara               44,1    39,6    38,2    37,2
 3.    Sumatra Barat               36,4    36,6    40,3    41,4
 4.    Riau                        45,3    45,1    46,2    34,2
 5.    Jambi                       31,6    34,3    34,6    39,8
 6.    Sumatra Selatan             41,7    40,6    42,4    38,8
 7.    Bengkulu                    23,9    31,6    28,5    29,3
 8.    Lampung                     55,4    58,6    53,0    41,7
 9.    Bangka Belitung              --     33,9    33,6    36,2
10.    DKI Jakarta                 46,1    48,1    48,8    49,5
11.    Jawa Barat                  37,4    37,6    40,1    46,6
12.    Jawa Tengah                 40,0    40,6    40,5    47,6
13.    DI Yogyakarta               40,6    40,9    48,0    44,5
14.    Jawa Timur                  43,3    46,7    44,7    45,6
15.    Banten                       --     31,6    34,6    29,4
16.    Bali                        56,7    50,6    48,7    42,5
17.    Nusa Tenggara Barat         28,9    27,5    26,9    29,8
18.    Nusa Tenggara Timur         34,7    34,6    43,5    41,0
19.    Kalimantan Barat            43,3    50,5    48,1    43,2
20.    Kalimantan Tengah           64,1    63,0    63,9    46,2
21.    Kalimantan Selatan          50,9    43,2    44,7    43,7
22.    Kalimantan Timur            51,5    61,1    59,2    55,9
23.    Sulawesi Utara              33,3    44,1    49,7    41,1
24.    Sulawesi Tengah             35,1    38,0    53,9    46,6
25.    Sulawesi Selatan            27,8    32,1    40,9    44,8
26.    Sulawesi Tenggara           41,1    30,0    31,1    43,1
27.    Gorontalo                    --      --      --      --
27.    Maluku                      15,9    15,4    38,9    34,4
28.    Maluku Utara                 --     60,4    33,3    22,1
29.    Papua                       49,6    38,7    32,3    36,9
       Indonesia                   44,8    44,3    45,0    43,3

SOURCE: INDONESIA CULTURE AND TOURISM