India's modern history.India is home to more than 1 billion people. A country with a long and complex history, India is also a leading power in South Asia This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. For geophysical treatments, see Indian subcontinent. South Asia, also known as Southern Asia . Below is a time line of some important events in Indian history since the arrival of Europeans. Study the information, then answer the questions. TIME LINE 1498-1600s Following the arrival of the Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama, European nations compete to establish trade routes to the Indian subcontinent Indian subcontinent, region, S central Asia, comprising the countries of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh and the Himalayan states of Nepal, and Bhutan. Sri Lanka, an island off the southeastern tip of the Indian peninsula, is often considered a part of the subcontinent. . In 1600, Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth, or Elizabeth, may refer to: Living people
Bohemia 1757-1857 Armed forces of the East India Company defeat the Mughal governor of Bengal. This event is often considered the start of the British Empire British Empire, overseas territories linked to Great Britain in a variety of constitutional relationships, established over a period of three centuries. The establishment of the empire resulted primarily from commercial and political motives and emigration movements in India. After a rebellion in 1857, the British government decides to take control of the company and govern India directly, establishing the British Raj For the band "British India" see British India (band). British Raj (rāj, lit. "rule" in Hindi) or British India, officially the British Indian Empire, and internationally and contemporaneously, India , or rule. 1914-1918 In exchange for support throughout World War I, Britain promises greater freedoms and political reforms for India. Britain, however, fails to honor these promises once the war ends. 1930-1935 Mohandas Gandhi leads thousands of followers on a 240-mile march to protest British policies in India. Along with other acts of civil disobedience civil disobedience, refusal to obey a law or follow a policy believed to be unjust. Practitioners of civil disobediance basing their actions on moral right and usually employ the nonviolent technique of passive resistance in order to bring wider attention to the , the march forces the British to grant India greater political power. A new constitution is established in 1935. 1947-1948 Britain withdraws and two separate countries are created: Hindu-dominated India and Muslim-dominated Pakistan. More than 10 million people are uprooted as they flee across the new borders; about 1 million are killed in riots. In January 1948, a Hindu radical assassinates Mohandas Gandhi. 1965-1972 Pakistan invades Indian-controlled Kashmir. In 1966, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri Lal Bahadur Shastri (Hindi लालबहादुर शास्त्री) (October 2, 1904 - January 11, 1966) was the Prime Minister of independent India and a significant figure in the Indian independence and Pakistan President M. Ayub Khan This article is about a Pakistani military officer. For other uses see Ayub Khan (disambiguation). (PA - 10) Muhammad Ayub Khan (Urdu/Pashto: محمد ايوب خان) HJ, NPk (May 14, 1907 – April 19, 1974) was a promise to seek peace. War again breaks out in 1971. In 1972, the Shimla Agreement establishes a border between Indian and Pakistani areas of Kashmir. 1974 India conducts its first successful test of a powerful nuclear device and calls the underground test a "peaceful nuclear explosion." Despite Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assurances that no military use will be made of nuclear devices, Pakistan speeds up the development of its own nuclear weapons program. 1984-2002 Clashes between Sikh separatists and the Indian army This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. For the Indian Army under British rule, see British Indian Army. The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has responsibility for land-based military operations. lead to Indira Gandhi's assassination Assassination See also Murder. assassins Fanatical Moslem sect that smoked hashish and murdered Crusaders (11th—12th centuries). [Islamic Hist.: Brewer Note-Book, 52] Brutus conspirator and assassin of Julius Caesar. [Br. by Sikh guards. Religious and ethnic unrest continues. In 2002, Hindus attempt to build a temple on the site of a destroyed mosque in the state of Gujarat, which results in rioting that kills hundreds. 2004 An alliance led by the Congress Party wins control of Parliament. Congress Party head Sonia Gandhi Sonia Gandhi (Hindi: सोनिया गांधी, IPA: [soːnɪjaː gaːndʰiː]), born Sonia Antonia Maino declines to become Prime Minister, instead naming Manmohan Singh, a Sikh. He is the first non-Hindu to lead India Lead India is an initiative launched on India's 60th Independence Day by The Times of India Group in search of a new bold leader for India. Citizens of India aged between 25 and 45 can participate in the three-stage contest whose result will be a winner who will be a worthy . In November, Singh visits Kashmir and pledges to end years of turmoil there. QUESTIONS Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which explorer is credited with opening up India to European nations? 2. In which place did forces of the East India Company defeat an Indian army, starting the British Empire in India? 3. During which war did Britain promise greater freedoms and political reforms for India? 4. Who led a 240-mile march in 1930 to protest British laws in India? 5. What event led to the displacement of about 10 million people in 1947? 6. Which Indian state has been at the center of conflict between India and Pakistan? 7. Which scientific breakthrough in 1974 led to increased tension between India and Pakistan? 8. Based on some of the time line's information, how would you describe the nature of the relationship between Hindus and Muslims in India? 9. In what way was Manmohan Singh's appointment as Prime Minister a precedent? 10. How can Hindus, Muslims, and other groups work together to end religious and social violence in India? ANSWERS 1. Vasco de Gama 2. Bengal 3. World War I 4. Mohandas Gandhi 5. the creation of two states on the Indian subcontinent: a Hindu-dominated India and a Muslim-dominated Pakistan 6. Kashmir 7. India's successful test of a nuclear device, which spurred Pakistan to develop a nuclear weapon, created additional tension in the relationship between those two countries. 8. India has a long history of conflict between Hindus and Muslims. 9. In 2004, he became the first non-Hindu to become India's Prime Minister. 10. Answers will vary. |
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