Income group tables.

For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Green Data Book is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.

Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $935 or less in 2007.

Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $935 but less than $11,456. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,705.

High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,456 or more.

Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovak Republic, and Spain.

Low income

Population (millions) 1,296 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 21,217
GDP ($ billions) 801.4

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                       574
Urban population (% of total)                                      32
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)             3.7
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                   2.4

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                 39
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)        330
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                           112
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)          603

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                     24.7
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       0.7
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                       10.8
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)         3.2
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                         478
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)              53.8
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                       309
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)             48.4
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                 38.8

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)              0.4
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                     0.6
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                       39.3
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)      69
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)              41

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                4,619
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 9.4
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                   90
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            68
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    60
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    84
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)              39
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    33
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    54

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                 126

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                         25.4
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                           9.3
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                  2.6
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                       9.8
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                      0.9
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                   0.8
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                      0.7
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                            0.7
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                   5.8

Middle income

Population (millions) 4,258 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 74,923
GDP ($ billions) 13,490.0

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                     2,910
Urban population (% of total)                                      48
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)             2.4
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                   1.2

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                 38
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)        673
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                           115
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)          473

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                     32.7
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       0.2
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                       10.6
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)         4.2
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                       1,267
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)              12.3
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                     1,651
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)             72.9
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                 20.6

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)              0.7
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                     3.3
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                       43.1
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)      56
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)             144

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                6,589
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 8.5
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                   76
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            89
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    83
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    97
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)              60
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    45
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    76

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                  45

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                         32.3
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                          11.7
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                  3.5
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                       7.1
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                      1.2
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                   0.1
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                      0.9
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                            0.8
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                  14.0

Lower middle income

Population (millions) 3,435 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34,405
GDP ($ billions) 6,896.1

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                     1,905
Urban population (% of total)                                      42
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)             2.9
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                   1.3

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                 47
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)        532
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                           116
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)          511

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                     25.0
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       0.1
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                       11.0
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)         3.9
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                       1,019
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)              15.2
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                     1,269
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)             79.0
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                 16.3

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)              0.8
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                     2.8
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                       93.5
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)      67
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)              99

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                4,117
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 8.7
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                   80
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            88
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    82
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    96
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)              55
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    43
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    71

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                  50

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                         41.7
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                          10.7
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                  2.6
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                       6.6
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                      1.2
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                   0.2
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                      1.2
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                            1.1
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                  23.5

Upper middle income

Population (millions) 824 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40,518
GDP ($ billions) 6,594.6

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                      7,107
Urban population (% of total)                                       75
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)              1.4
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                    0.9

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                  31
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)       2,947
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                            113
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)           110

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                      39.3
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                        0.2
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                        10.3
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)          4.8
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                        2,300
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)                7.0
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                      3,242
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)              62.8
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                  27.6

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)               0.5
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                      5.5
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                        -8.3
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)       30
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)              332

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                16,993
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 13.8
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                    57
Access to improved water source (% of total population)             95
  Rural (% of rural population)                                     83
  Urban (% of urban population)                                     98
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)               83
  Rural (% of rural population)                                     64
  Urban (% of urban population)                                     89

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                   24

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                          23.2
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                           12.8
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                   4.4
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                        7.6
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                       1.3
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                    0.0
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                       0.6
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                             0.4
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                    4.9

Low and middle income

Population (millions) 5,554 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 96,140
GDP ($ billions) 14,296.3

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                     2,366
Urban population (% of total)                                      44
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)             2.6
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                   1.5

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                 38
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)        599
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                           115
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)          510

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                     31.0
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       0.3
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                       10.7
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)         4.1
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                       1,108
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)              15.9
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                     1,380
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)             71.5
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                 21.5

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)              0.6
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                     2.7
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                       42.9
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)      58
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)             123

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                6,128
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 3.2
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                   78
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            84
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    76
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    94
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)              55
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    41
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    73

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                  74

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                         32.0
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                          11.6
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                  3.4
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                       7.2
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                      1.2
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                   0.1
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                      0.9
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                            0.8
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                  13.6

Euro area

Population (millions) 324 Land area (1,000 sq. km)  2,513
GDP ($ billions) 12,277.6

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                     35,818
Urban population (% of total)                                       73
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)              0.6
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                    0.4

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                  47
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)      22,860
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                             98
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)           183

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                      37.2
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       -0.8
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                        10.6
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)          7.7
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                        3,936
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)                4.9
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                      6,956
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)              50.8
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                   9.1

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)               0.3
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                      8.1
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                         2.2
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro]g/cu. m)       23
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)              771

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                 2,907
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 22.3
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                    38
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            100
  Rural (% of rural population)                                    100
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    100
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
  Rural (% of rural population)
  Urban (% of urban population)

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                    4

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                          22.3
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                           14.4
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                   4.6
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                        0.2
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                       0.0
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                    0.0
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                       0.2
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                             0.2
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                   11.9

High income

Population (millions) 1,056 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33,505
GDP ($ billions) 40,309.7

GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)                     37,572
Urban population (% of total)                                       78
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)              1.0
Population growth (average annual %, 1990-2007)                    0.7

Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)                                  38
Agricultural productivity (value added per worker, 2000 $)      27,680
Food production index (1999-2001 = 100)                            102
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)           323

Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)                                      28.8
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990-2005)                       -0.1
Nationally protected area (% of land area)                        11.8
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0-100, median is 1.5)

Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)          6.3
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)                        5,416
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)                3.4
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)                      9,675
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)              62.0
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)                  11.4

Emissions and pollution
C[O.sub.2] emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)               0.4
C[O.sub.2] emissions per capita (metric tons)                     12.6
C[O.sub.2] emissions growth (%, 1990-2005)                        19.1
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., [micro[g/cu. m)       26
Transport sector fuel consumption per capita (liters)            1,159

Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)                 9,313
Freshwater withdrawal
  Total (% of internal resources)                                 10.4
  Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)                    43
Access to improved water source (% of total population)            100
  Rural (% of rural population)                                     98
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    100
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)              100
  Rural (% of rural population)                                     99
  Urban (% of urban population)                                    100

Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under five)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under five)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)                    7

National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)                                          20.6
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)                           14.5
Education expenditure (% of GNI)                                   4.6
Energy depletion (% of GNI)                                        1.5
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)                                       0.2
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)                                    0.0
C[O.sub.2] damage (% of GNI)                                       0.3
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)                             0.3
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)                                    8.5