In the public eye: reorganization of the German railway has allowed Stuttgart to remodel its centre with an underground station that organically links structure and environmental control.Stuttgart is at the end of the line -- or at least it has been up to now, in 1910, Paul Bonatz Paul Bonatz (1877-1956) was a German architect, member of the Stuttgart School and professor at the technical university in that city during part of World War II. Bonatz tended to favor a radically simplified neo-Romanesque style, as in his 1927 Stuttgart Railway Station or won the competition for the railway terminus, which he built between 1914 and 1928 as a grand, austere stone structure that in its Spartan way links nineteenth-century eclecticism eclecticism, in art eclecticism (ĭklĕk`tĭsĭz'əm), art style in which features are borrowed from various styles. and both the spareness of Modernity and Albert Speer's scraped monumental Classicism classicism, a term that, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance, symmetry, and repose produced by attention to traditional forms. It is sometimes synonymous with excellence or artistic quality of high distinction. . Ingenhoven Overdiek und Partner won the international competition for the new underground station with a design that creates a train shed
A train shed is an adjacent building to a railway station where the tracks and platforms are covered by a roof. The first train shed was built in 1830 at Liverpool's Crown Street Station. 12m below ground level. The Schlo[beta]garten (the linear park in the middle of the city running down from the palace) is to flow over its roof. The Bonatz station will become a public meeting place with restaurants and shops, and the floor of its concourse opened to make connection with the new platforms below via bridges. Access to the bridges will also be provided via large curved glass atria Atria The heart has four chambers. The right and left atria are at the top of the heart and receive returning blood from the veins. The right and left ventricles are at the bottom of the heart and act as the body's main pumps. , somewhat similar to the ones Foster generated in Bilbao (AR May 1997 and July 1998) and Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf is a large business development in London, located on the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, centred on the old West India Docks in (AR June 2000). But, being the terminus of a branch, Stuttgart was never one of the busiest of German stations. Now Deutsche Bahn is building new underground lines at right angles so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly. See also: Right to the existing ones, so that the city can be properly integrated into the high-speed national and European rail network. The existing tracks will probably be removed, making possible development of a whole new centre city quarter, Stuttgart 21. The roof of the new station was developed with Frei Otto and Buro Happold as a vaulted concrete shell pierced by what the designers call 'light eyes', circular apertures for illumination and ventilation. An extensive series of model tests developed the idea, producing a repeated calyx calyx (kā`lĭks): see sepal. section in which the apertures are related in an organic form to the columns that support the shell, the depth of which is to be no more than a hundredth of the span. At the moment, the structure is to be of poured concrete cast in steel moulds, but developments continue. The light eyes are to have double-curved cable net structures to support the glazing, the loads of which will be transferred to ring beams round the apertures and thence thence adv. 1. From that place; from there: flew to Helsinki and thence to Moscow. 2. From that circumstance or source; therefrom. 3. Archaic From that time; thenceforth. as compressive com·pres·sive adj. Serving to or able to compress. com·pres  sive·ly adv. loads down to the columns. Christoph Ingenhoven intends to make Stuttgart a 'zero energy station', in which there will be no heating, cooling or mechanical ventilation mechanical ventilation n. A mode of assisted or controlled ventilation using mechanical devices that cycle automatically to generate airway pressure. . One of the main reasons for this is that the year-round average temperature of air in the train tunnels is 10 degrees Celsius and because of the surrounding mass, it tends to fluctuate little. In summer, air will flow from the tunnels to the platforms; in winter, flow will reverse. Heat build-up will be further counteracted by convection. whereby hot air will escape via grilles at the peak of each aperture; such air flows will be further enhanced by the Venturi effect of winds over the roof. In winter, the surrounding mass will tend to keep temperature stable as it does in the tunnels. So far, studies show that platform level air temperatures will very rarely be above 20 degrees Celsius or lower than freezing. Openings take up no more than 10 per cent of the roofs surface and, while this is calculated to provide enough natural light at platform level on ordinary days, it is not expected to lead to excessive heat gains in summer. The competition was held in 1997, and the station is not expected to be finished until 2013, so much development is still possible. In particular, relationships between the Bonatz building, the new piazza over the station, the park and the proposed first building of Stuttgart 21 are being studied in the search for a new heart for the city. Architect Ingenhoven Overdlek and Partner, Dusseldorf Project team Christoph Ingenhoven, Hinrich Schumacher. Barbara Bruder, Klaus Frankenheim, Andreas Blum, Richard Czardybon. Ralf Dorsch-Ruter, Rolf Friedmann, Dieter Henze, Stefan Hoher, Gunnar Moller, Ernst-Joachim Muller, Peter Pistorius, Alexander Prang, Manuel Ruf. Maximo Victoria. Harald Wennemar. Regina Wuff Structural advisor Frel Otto Structural engineer Leonhardt Andra. Buro Happold Services engineer HL-Technik Photographs Holger Knauf |
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